Y Cawcasws Iolo yn Rwsia
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-With this landscape behind me, -you'd think I was in Switzerland. | 0:00:20 | 0:00:25 | |
-I am in Europe -but I'm about to travel... | 0:00:25 | 0:00:27 | |
-..across the world's -largest country. | 0:00:28 | 0:00:30 | |
-For many years, this country was -closed to visitors and local people. | 0:00:30 | 0:00:36 | |
-It's a country -packed with history... | 0:00:36 | 0:00:38 | |
-..superb landscapes -and incredible wildlife. | 0:00:39 | 0:00:42 | |
-That's the Russia I hope to discover -on this journey - wild Russia. | 0:00:42 | 0:00:47 | |
-I start my journey in the west... | 0:00:53 | 0:00:55 | |
-..an area where snow-covered peaks -disappear into the sky. | 0:00:55 | 0:01:01 | |
-An area where wild lynxes live. | 0:01:02 | 0:01:04 | |
-It's home to exotic birds... | 0:01:07 | 0:01:09 | |
-..and a breed of bison -that's close to extinction. | 0:01:10 | 0:01:14 | |
-Welcome to the Caucasus Mountains. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:18 | |
-The Caucasus Mountains | 0:01:35 | 0:01:39 | |
-Russia is one of the world's -most interesting countries. | 0:01:41 | 0:01:45 | |
-It's changed considerably since the -days of the Communist Soviet Union. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:50 | |
-The landscape -has numerous rich habitats. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:54 | |
-Over 2,000 miles from Wales, -in south-east Europe... | 0:02:03 | 0:02:07 | |
-..on the border with Asia, -you'll find the Caucasus Mountains. | 0:02:07 | 0:02:12 | |
-With summits -reaching 5,000 metres... | 0:02:12 | 0:02:15 | |
-..the Caucasus -are a series of summits... | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
-..between the Caspian Sea -and the Black Sea. | 0:02:19 | 0:02:22 | |
-I was looking forward to seeing -the mountains for the first time. | 0:02:22 | 0:02:26 | |
-It's easy to forget -how vast Russia is. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:40 | |
-I've flown from Moscow -to Krasnodar... | 0:02:41 | 0:02:43 | |
-..and then travelled for hours -by car. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:47 | |
-This is my first glimpse -of the mountains... | 0:02:47 | 0:02:50 | |
-..but the journey is far from over. | 0:02:51 | 0:02:53 | |
-The northern part of the mountains -belongs to Russia. | 0:03:01 | 0:03:04 | |
-This is the area -of the highest summits. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:07 | |
-The locals call them -the Greater Caucasus. | 0:03:07 | 0:03:11 | |
-From the air, you can see -these majestic peaks at their best. | 0:03:18 | 0:03:22 | |
-This series of summits is so high... | 0:03:22 | 0:03:24 | |
-..they seem to be -scraping the clouds... | 0:03:25 | 0:03:28 | |
-..with most peaks -covered in snow throughout the year. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:31 | |
-Under the shadow -of the freezing summits... | 0:03:39 | 0:03:42 | |
-..the native Caucasian -creatures live. | 0:03:42 | 0:03:45 | |
-Here, you'll find the Caucasian tur -which is a type of goat. | 0:03:46 | 0:03:50 | |
-These creatures thrive -in the highlands of the Caucasus. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:55 | |
-They can climb -to a height of 4,000ft. | 0:03:55 | 0:03:59 | |
-Rams can weigh up to 100kgs. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
-Their horns grow -to a length of 75cms... | 0:04:03 | 0:04:07 | |
-..a perfect weapon -for the battles that lie ahead. | 0:04:08 | 0:04:11 | |
-When autumn comes, the rams fight -each other far more aggressively... | 0:04:53 | 0:04:59 | |
-..than this... as they compete -for the females turs. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:05 | |
-In the meantime, the females flee. | 0:05:08 | 0:05:11 | |
-They have no interest in the -performances of the rams right now. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:16 | |
-On my way to the mountains, -I walk through the forest... | 0:05:19 | 0:05:24 | |
-..which covers -the Caucasian lowlands. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
-I'm joined by our tour guide, -Mikhail Plotnikov... | 0:05:27 | 0:05:31 | |
-..who also works as a warden -in the Caucasus. | 0:05:31 | 0:05:34 | |
-Mikhail tells me what makes -the Caucasian forests so special. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:43 | |
-He says that the Caucasus -has an abundance of wildlife. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:54 | |
-It's considered one of the main -bio-diversity sites in the world... | 0:05:55 | 0:05:59 | |
-..not only in terms of animals -but also for plants and trees. | 0:05:59 | 0:06:03 | |
-One of his interests -is studying trees. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:06 | |
-Deep in the forest there's a tree... | 0:06:07 | 0:06:09 | |
-..that's unique to this area -of the world. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:12 | |
-It's the Caucasian pine tree. | 0:06:12 | 0:06:14 | |
-With its rough summits, -vast forests and numerous valleys... | 0:06:32 | 0:06:37 | |
-..it's no wonder that the Caucasus -has a wealth of wildlife. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:43 | |
-There are many -different species here... | 0:06:43 | 0:06:46 | |
-..thanks to the diverse habitats. | 0:06:47 | 0:06:49 | |
-Over 6,000 different plants -grow in this part of Russia. | 0:06:56 | 0:07:01 | |
-Many can only be found -in the Caucasus. | 0:07:01 | 0:07:05 | |
-All the plants attract -animals of every kind. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:14 | |
-One animal which grazes in the -shadow of the forest is the hind. | 0:07:18 | 0:07:22 | |
-The young hind -is only a few weeks old. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:25 | |
-The spots on its coat -act as camouflage in the forest. | 0:07:26 | 0:07:30 | |
-It's joined by its mother -as it grazes in the long grass. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:34 | |
-LYNX CALLS | 0:07:41 | 0:07:42 | |
-The call of the lynx -is bound to startle the fawn... | 0:07:43 | 0:07:48 | |
-..but the lynx won't attack -if the mother is nearby. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:52 | |
-The lynx usually hunts alone. | 0:07:56 | 0:08:00 | |
-She prefers to attack young animals -or Caspian red deer. | 0:08:00 | 0:08:04 | |
-This lynx has no interest -in hunting today. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:14 | |
-She is on her way -to care for her own kittens... | 0:08:14 | 0:08:18 | |
-..who still rely on her milk. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:20 | |
-Only the mother cares for the young. | 0:08:25 | 0:08:27 | |
-The kittens are eager -to show their strength. | 0:08:29 | 0:08:33 | |
-Harmless scuffles train their -muscles for their later lives. | 0:08:33 | 0:08:39 | |
-They must make sure that they don't -stray too far from their mother. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:54 | |
-All that playing -makes the cubs hungry... | 0:08:54 | 0:08:57 | |
-..so they gorge themselves -on their mother's milk. | 0:08:57 | 0:09:01 | |
-The mother is more than happy -to rest while feeding the kittens. | 0:09:01 | 0:09:06 | |
-Some weeks later, -the young hind have grown. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:22 | |
-Soft horns can be seen -through the long grass. | 0:09:22 | 0:09:26 | |
-In the forest, the lynx -has caught a substantial supper. | 0:09:32 | 0:09:36 | |
-The kittens now require meat -in their diet. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:39 | |
-They grow stronger every day. | 0:09:39 | 0:09:42 | |
-After feeding, the lynx hide their -prey under leaves and branches. | 0:09:48 | 0:09:54 | |
-Over the next few days, -they will return to their prey. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:58 | |
-In one night, -the lynx can eat almost 3kgs. | 0:09:58 | 0:10:01 | |
-These two make the most -of their feast. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
-At four weeks old, they join -their mother to eat their prey. | 0:10:12 | 0:10:17 | |
-Soon, they'll venture out -on their own... | 0:10:34 | 0:10:37 | |
-..to explore the wonders -of the Caucasus. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:42 | |
-I'm also heading across -the Caucasus... | 0:10:53 | 0:10:57 | |
-..to learn more about -this wonderful area of Russia. | 0:10:57 | 0:11:01 | |
-. | 0:11:04 | 0:11:04 | |
-888 | 0:11:12 | 0:11:12 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:11:12 | 0:11:14 | |
-On my journey across Russia... | 0:11:23 | 0:11:25 | |
-..I'm heading deep -into the Caucasus range... | 0:11:26 | 0:11:30 | |
-..and the Teberdinskiy -National Park. | 0:11:31 | 0:11:33 | |
-It's a popular tourist attraction. | 0:11:34 | 0:11:37 | |
-Russians use the mountains -for skiing and rambling. | 0:11:37 | 0:11:42 | |
-Once again, Mikhail has joined me. | 0:11:45 | 0:11:47 | |
-He tells me how the local people -profit from the tourists... | 0:11:47 | 0:11:51 | |
-..the mountains attract -by selling all sorts of things... | 0:11:51 | 0:11:55 | |
-..from home-made jam -to woollen goods. | 0:11:55 | 0:11:58 | |
-The snow-capped mountains are -a permanent backdrop to this area. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:04 | |
-It must be a pleasure -to wake up every morning... | 0:12:04 | 0:12:07 | |
-..and look out -across this landscape. | 0:12:07 | 0:12:10 | |
-Has the old Communist way of life -left its mark on the area? | 0:12:10 | 0:12:14 | |
-I've never seen -such a stark contrast... | 0:12:17 | 0:12:20 | |
-..between nature's beauty -and man's monstrosities. | 0:12:20 | 0:12:24 | |
-How could they have built something -so ugly in such a beautiful area? | 0:12:24 | 0:12:29 | |
-It's heartbreaking to see -the condition of these buildings... | 0:12:31 | 0:12:36 | |
-..but these are the type -of concrete buildings... | 0:12:36 | 0:12:40 | |
-..which were built in Russia -at one time. | 0:12:41 | 0:12:44 | |
-The mountains attract tourists -and boost the economy... | 0:12:44 | 0:12:48 | |
-..but the buildings -have seen no investment. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
-Mikhail introduces me -to one of the locals. | 0:12:55 | 0:12:58 | |
-He's lived here since he was born. | 0:12:58 | 0:13:01 | |
-The fact that the area attracts -tourists is a huge advantage. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:07 | |
-It provides gainful employment -for local people. | 0:13:07 | 0:13:11 | |
-He's hopeful about the future. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:14 | |
-The buildings look inhospitable -and unpleasant to us. | 0:13:15 | 0:13:18 | |
-To the people who live here... | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
-..they're an integral part -of their lives. | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
-I was glad that the local people -were hopeful about the future. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:29 | |
-They have one of the best views -in Russia. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:33 | |
-The contrast between the houses... | 0:13:37 | 0:13:40 | |
-..and the habitat of the wildlife -is stunning. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:43 | |
-There are eight nature reserves -in the Caucasus. | 0:13:43 | 0:13:47 | |
-Here, in Teberdinskiy, the Caucasus' -greatest treasure can be found. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:53 | |
-Seeing an European bison grazing -on the Caucasus is a rare sight. | 0:13:54 | 0:14:00 | |
-This was once home -to the Caucasian bison. | 0:14:01 | 0:14:05 | |
-The story of the bison -is an incredible one. | 0:14:05 | 0:14:08 | |
-It once faced extinction -but this amazing animal survived. | 0:14:08 | 0:14:14 | |
-The threat came from hunters. | 0:14:17 | 0:14:19 | |
-In 1927, only one remained. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:22 | |
-It was crossed with an -American bison and a lowland bison. | 0:14:23 | 0:14:28 | |
-It was a successful experiment. | 0:14:29 | 0:14:32 | |
-For a while, -the number of bison increased. | 0:14:32 | 0:14:35 | |
-Then, the hunters -became a problem once more... | 0:14:36 | 0:14:39 | |
-..at the end -of the Soviet Union era. | 0:14:39 | 0:14:41 | |
-Today, over 400 wild bison -roam the Caucasus. | 0:14:43 | 0:14:48 | |
-They show similar characteristics -to the original bison. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:52 | |
-The European bison enjoy grazing -in the Caucasian forests. | 0:14:56 | 0:15:00 | |
-They eat leaves and tree branches. | 0:15:00 | 0:15:03 | |
-Its appearance suggests that -it's a heavy and slow animal... | 0:15:03 | 0:15:07 | |
-..but it's a very agile creature. | 0:15:07 | 0:15:10 | |
-It's hard to believe -that an animal like this... | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
-..used to roam British forests -and other parts of Europe. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:23 | |
-The success of breeding the bison... | 0:15:24 | 0:15:27 | |
-..and watching a herd of them -crossing the mountains... | 0:15:27 | 0:15:30 | |
-..is a joy for any naturalist. | 0:15:30 | 0:15:32 | |
-Another joy for me is finally seeing -the frozen peaks for myself... | 0:15:54 | 0:15:59 | |
-..as I climb up to the highlands... | 0:15:59 | 0:16:02 | |
-..leaving behind a carpet of pine -trees at the foot of the mountain. | 0:16:02 | 0:16:06 | |
-After reaching the summit, -I see only white glaciers... | 0:16:07 | 0:16:12 | |
-..and stunning peaks -which scrape the clouds. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:16 | |
-The view from the summit -is incredible. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:24 | |
-Over 20 peaks form the chain -of the Caucasus Mountains. | 0:16:24 | 0:16:29 | |
-Some are 5,000 metres -above sea level. | 0:16:29 | 0:16:33 | |
-Geographically, these mountains -separate Europe and Asia. | 0:16:33 | 0:16:39 | |
-They stretch for 700 miles from -the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. | 0:16:39 | 0:16:46 | |
-Many people don't realize -that Europe's highest peak is here. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:51 | |
-In reality, -Elbrus is two peaks side-by-side. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:09 | |
-One reaches a height -of 5,621 metres above sea level. | 0:17:09 | 0:17:15 | |
-The other, to the west... | 0:17:17 | 0:17:19 | |
-..is 5,642 metres. | 0:17:19 | 0:17:22 | |
-The summits -are permanently covered by snow. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:28 | |
-They glisten under the sunlight. | 0:17:28 | 0:17:31 | |
-Here, over 70 glaciers flow -into the rivers and streams below. | 0:17:32 | 0:17:38 | |
-Lower down, the antelopes dance -eloquently across the glaciers. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:46 | |
-These creatures -are excellent climbers. | 0:17:46 | 0:17:49 | |
-They have adapted to survive -on the most hostile terrain. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:55 | |
-The antelope's lungs -have also adapted to the highlands. | 0:17:55 | 0:18:00 | |
-They are much larger -than the lungs of common goats. | 0:18:00 | 0:18:03 | |
-The future of these antelopes -is also threatened. | 0:18:03 | 0:18:06 | |
-The remaining animals -are retreating... | 0:18:07 | 0:18:09 | |
-..to the remotest areas -of the mountains. | 0:18:10 | 0:18:12 | |
-There are over 2,000 glaciers -across the Caucasus range. | 0:18:43 | 0:18:47 | |
-Most are in the western -and central Caucasus. | 0:18:47 | 0:18:52 | |
-The largest lie between -the two summits of Elbrus. | 0:18:52 | 0:18:56 | |
-The rivers which provide water -for central Asia... | 0:18:58 | 0:19:01 | |
-..originate from these glaciers. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:04 | |
-Global warming -poses a huge threat to this area. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
-The largest glacier is in the -Kabardino-Balkarsky nature reserve. | 0:19:11 | 0:19:16 | |
-In summer, -it's considerably smaller. | 0:19:16 | 0:19:19 | |
-In winter, -it stretches for eight miles. | 0:19:19 | 0:19:24 | |
-This is an alpine scene -with the snow-topped mountains... | 0:19:28 | 0:19:32 | |
-..the glaciers and the streams -leading down to the forests. | 0:19:33 | 0:19:39 | |
-Beyond these mountains, there's -a different and unexpected habitat. | 0:19:39 | 0:19:45 | |
-These huge summits are too high -even for the clouds. | 0:20:00 | 0:20:05 | |
-As the clouds are carried -across the highest peaks... | 0:20:05 | 0:20:09 | |
-..moisture is released -in the form of rain. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:12 | |
-The western summits -of the Caucasus... | 0:20:12 | 0:20:15 | |
-..is one of the wettest areas -of Europe. | 0:20:15 | 0:20:19 | |
-To the east, less rainfall -creates a different landscape. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:23 | |
-This is where -the Caucasian desert begins. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:36 | |
-This is home to the Griffon vulture. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:14 | |
-Its huge wingspan measures 260cms. | 0:21:14 | 0:21:19 | |
-This enormous bird... | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
-..can swallow over 5kgs of food -in one meal. | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
-It breeds on the cliff side -and usually only lays one egg. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:34 | |
-The female stays close -to the nest... | 0:21:35 | 0:21:38 | |
-..until the chick leaves. | 0:21:38 | 0:21:40 | |
-The male's responsibility -is to search for food. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:43 | |
-The female has plenty to do to -shelter the chick from the hot sun. | 0:21:44 | 0:21:48 | |
-A viper slithers -along the rocks below. | 0:21:55 | 0:21:59 | |
-It hasn't seen the nest yet. | 0:21:59 | 0:22:01 | |
-The chick is safe for now. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:04 | |
-This is Europe's longest viper. | 0:22:04 | 0:22:08 | |
-It can grow to a length of 190cms. | 0:22:09 | 0:22:11 | |
-Its bite is poisonous -but not always fatal. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:15 | |
-Nearby, the Caucasian agama -has awoken to scorching sun. | 0:22:23 | 0:22:27 | |
-It's a type of lizard, -a foot in length. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:33 | |
-It only appears to sunbathe or hunt. | 0:22:33 | 0:22:36 | |
-Just as in the Sahara... | 0:22:59 | 0:23:02 | |
-..strong winds create sand dunes -in the Caucasus. | 0:23:02 | 0:23:06 | |
-Sometimes, the sand dunes -reach a height of 260 metres. | 0:23:06 | 0:23:11 | |
-The sand dunes create habitats for -some very unique-looking creatures. | 0:23:12 | 0:23:18 | |
-This long-eared hedgehog -is out early in the morning. | 0:23:21 | 0:23:24 | |
-Despite being a night creature... | 0:23:25 | 0:23:27 | |
-..it takes advantage of the cooler -morning temperatures to hunt. | 0:23:27 | 0:23:32 | |
-Its ears are 4cms long -and help keep down its temperature. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:37 | |
-It uses its long legs -to move swiftly. | 0:23:41 | 0:23:44 | |
-Sometimes, it can travel -for five miles... | 0:23:45 | 0:23:47 | |
-..hunting and eating insects -on the way. | 0:23:48 | 0:23:50 | |
-It can live without water for weeks -in the scorching desert heat. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:57 | |
-It might look innocent -but it can attack fiercely. | 0:23:59 | 0:24:04 | |
-Something has caught its attention. | 0:24:04 | 0:24:07 | |
-Content with life, it burrows -a den for itself underground... | 0:24:28 | 0:24:32 | |
-..to avoid the afternoon sun. | 0:24:33 | 0:24:35 | |
-The toad-headed agama -is normally seen alone. | 0:24:57 | 0:25:01 | |
-In contrast to other reptiles... | 0:25:01 | 0:25:04 | |
-..it only eats insects. | 0:25:04 | 0:25:06 | |
-Whilst other creatures -are hunting in the morning sun... | 0:25:09 | 0:25:13 | |
-..the agama prefers to hide. | 0:25:13 | 0:25:15 | |
-It disappears skilfully. | 0:25:20 | 0:25:22 | |
-. | 0:25:40 | 0:25:40 | |
-888 | 0:25:48 | 0:25:48 | |
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-Even though I'm enjoying -roaming across the lowlands... | 0:25:54 | 0:25:59 | |
-..the changing landscape higher up -the mountains is more appealing. | 0:25:59 | 0:26:04 | |
-In the driest area -of the Caucasus... | 0:26:16 | 0:26:19 | |
-..these shepherds trudge through -the dust to round up their sheep. | 0:26:19 | 0:26:24 | |
-It's hard work but just as -their forefathers did years ago... | 0:26:24 | 0:26:28 | |
-..the flock must be moved -across the mountains... | 0:26:28 | 0:26:31 | |
-..to graze on better land. | 0:26:31 | 0:26:33 | |
-They spend half the year -living in the mountains. | 0:26:46 | 0:26:49 | |
-Then, they carry their belongings, -along with the flock... | 0:26:49 | 0:26:55 | |
-..all the way down to the lowlands. | 0:26:55 | 0:26:57 | |
-Down near the foot -of the lower Caucasus... | 0:27:02 | 0:27:05 | |
-..my journey continues. | 0:27:06 | 0:27:08 | |
-I'm eager to meet some of the people -who work on the mountains... | 0:27:16 | 0:27:20 | |
-..people who know the local wildlife -better than anyone. | 0:27:20 | 0:27:24 | |
-Quite literally at the roadside, -Mikhail and I meet a man... | 0:27:25 | 0:27:30 | |
-..who's come down from the mountains -at the end of his career. | 0:27:30 | 0:27:35 | |
-Because of old age, he now looks -after a small herd of dairy cattle. | 0:27:35 | 0:27:39 | |
-He was born and bred here. | 0:27:40 | 0:27:42 | |
-I want to know how much wildlife -he's seen during his career. | 0:27:42 | 0:27:46 | |
-He's eager to describe the times... | 0:27:49 | 0:27:51 | |
-..when he used to see -bears, Caucasian turs... | 0:27:51 | 0:27:54 | |
-..and wolves in the mountains. | 0:27:54 | 0:27:56 | |
-He was glad to have a dog -at those times... | 0:27:56 | 0:27:59 | |
-..since it helped -keep the wild animals at bay. | 0:27:59 | 0:28:03 | |
-I ask him if he enjoyed his life -on the mountains. | 0:28:03 | 0:28:06 | |
-Well, he didn't have a choice, -he replies. That was his life. | 0:28:07 | 0:28:11 | |
-The Syrian brown bear -can also be found in the Caucasus. | 0:28:32 | 0:28:36 | |
-It has a multi-coloured coat but is -lighter than the normal brown bear. | 0:28:36 | 0:28:41 | |
-Traditionally, it roams -from the Caucasus to eastern Russia. | 0:28:41 | 0:28:46 | |
-Today, its numbers have dwindled. | 0:28:46 | 0:28:49 | |
-It can only be found -in the Caucasus. | 0:28:49 | 0:28:52 | |
-It's easy to recognize this type -of bear by its lighter coat. | 0:28:54 | 0:28:58 | |
-It's also slightly smaller -than the normal brown bear. | 0:28:58 | 0:29:02 | |
-Adult bears -can grow to a height of 260cms... | 0:29:02 | 0:29:05 | |
-..and weigh 500kgs. | 0:29:05 | 0:29:08 | |
-These two are searching for food... | 0:29:13 | 0:29:16 | |
-..but nothing has tempted them -so far. | 0:29:17 | 0:29:19 | |
-The Caucasian tur -is glad it can run so quickly... | 0:29:24 | 0:29:28 | |
-..and escape from any predator. | 0:29:28 | 0:29:31 | |
-Despite their best efforts... | 0:29:38 | 0:29:40 | |
-..these bears have no chance -of catching them today. | 0:29:40 | 0:29:44 | |
-Having escaped from the bears, -a group of female turs... | 0:29:53 | 0:29:56 | |
-..roam the highlands -searching for food and water. | 0:29:57 | 0:30:00 | |
-They're also looking for salt -and minerals to stay healthy. | 0:30:00 | 0:30:05 | |
-They will find these -along the rocky terrain. | 0:30:05 | 0:30:08 | |
-The lick the rocks to find the salt. | 0:30:22 | 0:30:25 | |
-I love the different habitats -of the Caucasus. | 0:30:44 | 0:30:50 | |
-From the mountains -to the fields and rivers... | 0:30:50 | 0:30:53 | |
-..and the rock faces -which appear dull at first glance. | 0:30:54 | 0:30:57 | |
-In the West, we regard Russia -as a cold, desolate country. | 0:30:59 | 0:31:03 | |
-This is not the case. | 0:31:04 | 0:31:06 | |
-One aspect that highlights this -more than anything are the birds. | 0:31:06 | 0:31:11 | |
-This riverbank is very soft -and peppered with holes. | 0:31:11 | 0:31:14 | |
-These act as nests for bee-eaters. | 0:31:15 | 0:31:18 | |
-They're rare visitors to Wales... | 0:31:18 | 0:31:20 | |
-..but here, wherever the habitat -is suitable, they are very common. | 0:31:21 | 0:31:26 | |
-When you're this close to them... | 0:31:26 | 0:31:28 | |
-..you can see why they're some -of the world's most colourful birds. | 0:31:28 | 0:31:33 | |
-These beautiful birds -spend their winter in Africa. | 0:31:36 | 0:31:40 | |
-They've returned here -to nest and mate. | 0:31:40 | 0:31:43 | |
-They like nesting in the soft rock -along this riverbank. | 0:31:44 | 0:31:48 | |
-Currently, none of the birds -are interested in mating... | 0:31:52 | 0:31:56 | |
-..so the bickering continues. | 0:31:57 | 0:31:59 | |
-Each year, -bee-eaters choose a new mate. | 0:32:03 | 0:32:07 | |
-Then, they rear -their chicks together. | 0:32:07 | 0:32:10 | |
-Before mating, -the pair build a home... | 0:32:11 | 0:32:15 | |
-..by digging a long hole -in the riverbank... | 0:32:15 | 0:32:18 | |
-..but these beautiful birds don't -always live in harmony together. | 0:32:19 | 0:32:23 | |
-Bees are the staple diet -of this bird. | 0:32:28 | 0:32:31 | |
-Catching the bees is an integral -part of the mating ritual. | 0:32:31 | 0:32:36 | |
-Once a bee has been caught... | 0:32:38 | 0:32:40 | |
-..it is pounded against a branch -to remove its poison. | 0:32:40 | 0:32:45 | |
-This prevents the bird being stung. | 0:32:45 | 0:32:49 | |
-Once the female has -received the bee from the male... | 0:32:49 | 0:32:53 | |
-..the two can become intimate. | 0:32:53 | 0:32:56 | |
-Soon, they'll start to nest. | 0:32:59 | 0:33:02 | |
-Back on the road, -I'm still astounded... | 0:33:49 | 0:33:51 | |
-..by all the greenery around us. | 0:33:51 | 0:33:53 | |
-At the foot of the mountains... | 0:34:10 | 0:34:12 | |
-..there are miles and miles -of fields covered in wild flowers. | 0:34:12 | 0:34:16 | |
-Many are familiar to us. | 0:34:16 | 0:34:19 | |
-The rhododendron... | 0:34:19 | 0:34:21 | |
-..and the lily. | 0:34:23 | 0:34:24 | |
-At home, we plant and nurture -our flowers so carefully. | 0:34:25 | 0:34:30 | |
-Here, the flowers -grow and blossom naturally. | 0:34:30 | 0:34:34 | |
-Close to the desert region -of the eastern Caucasus... | 0:34:49 | 0:34:52 | |
-..this tortoise eats -as many wild flowers as it can. | 0:34:53 | 0:34:57 | |
-It needs energy for the work -that lies ahead of it. | 0:34:57 | 0:35:01 | |
-From the end of February to May, -the tortoises mate. | 0:35:08 | 0:35:12 | |
-Eager to start breeding, -the male follows the female... | 0:35:12 | 0:35:16 | |
-..and circles her. | 0:35:16 | 0:35:18 | |
-He bites and pushes her -before trying to mount her. | 0:35:19 | 0:35:22 | |
-But the female is determined not -to make things easy for the male. | 0:35:23 | 0:35:28 | |
-Normally, the male opens his mouth -and shows his tongue during mating. | 0:35:56 | 0:36:01 | |
-He also makes loud noises. | 0:36:02 | 0:36:04 | |
-The female remains still and moves -the front part of her body... | 0:36:04 | 0:36:09 | |
-..to the rhythm -of her partner's movements. | 0:36:09 | 0:36:12 | |
-Once is enough to allow the female -to lay several eggs. | 0:36:13 | 0:36:17 | |
-She's in a hurry to leave... | 0:36:17 | 0:36:19 | |
-..with little concern -about her partner's welfare. | 0:36:19 | 0:36:22 | |
-Across the desert region -of the Caucasus... | 0:36:38 | 0:36:41 | |
-..an unique-looking animal grazes. | 0:36:41 | 0:36:44 | |
-This is the saiga, an antelope -which is easily recognized... | 0:36:51 | 0:36:54 | |
-..by its shortness and long nose. | 0:36:55 | 0:36:57 | |
-At one time, -hundreds of saiga roamed Asia. | 0:37:03 | 0:37:07 | |
-Today, these creatures -are also in danger of extinction. | 0:37:07 | 0:37:11 | |
-They are hunted for their horns -and their meat... | 0:37:11 | 0:37:15 | |
-..since they have medical value -in Asia. | 0:37:15 | 0:37:18 | |
-They use their nostrils -to heat cold air in the winter... | 0:37:20 | 0:37:24 | |
-..and keep dust out -during the summer. | 0:37:25 | 0:37:28 | |
-In the spring, they rely on plant -moisture to quench their thirst. | 0:37:28 | 0:37:33 | |
-It is hoped they they will be left -alone on the Caucasian plains. | 0:37:33 | 0:37:38 | |
-. | 0:37:42 | 0:37:42 | |
-888 | 0:37:52 | 0:37:52 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:37:52 | 0:37:54 | |
-The plains in this part -of the Caucasus... | 0:38:03 | 0:38:06 | |
-..are a sea of colourful plants -during the summer. | 0:38:06 | 0:38:10 | |
-It's a perfect camouflage -for small creatures. | 0:38:10 | 0:38:13 | |
-It also attracts -all kinds of insects. | 0:38:13 | 0:38:16 | |
-It's heaven -for the long-eared hedgehog... | 0:38:17 | 0:38:21 | |
-..which is in a hurry -to find its lunch. | 0:38:21 | 0:38:24 | |
-It's spotted a centipede. | 0:38:41 | 0:38:44 | |
-10cms in length, it's a sumptuous -feast for the little hedgehog. | 0:38:47 | 0:38:52 | |
-The centipede moves quickly -and the chase is about to begin. | 0:38:53 | 0:38:57 | |
-Like any wise hunter... | 0:38:57 | 0:39:00 | |
-..the hedgehog listens and -watches intently before attacking. | 0:39:00 | 0:39:05 | |
-All the planning pays off. | 0:39:16 | 0:39:18 | |
-The agama, -a member of the reptile family... | 0:39:32 | 0:39:37 | |
-..watches enviously nearby. | 0:39:37 | 0:39:39 | |
-The demoiselle crane is here -to lay its eggs and rear its young. | 0:39:41 | 0:39:46 | |
-This is the smallest member -of the crane family. | 0:39:46 | 0:39:50 | |
-Normally, -a crane will only lay two eggs. | 0:39:50 | 0:39:53 | |
-After two months, -the chicks have grown some feathers. | 0:39:53 | 0:39:57 | |
-This is the only crane -that has feathers at this early age. | 0:39:57 | 0:40:02 | |
-With temperatures -reaching 40 degrees Celsius... | 0:40:06 | 0:40:10 | |
-..the chicks shelter -under the mother's wings. | 0:40:10 | 0:40:13 | |
-It's also hot in the minibus -as we move on. | 0:40:29 | 0:40:32 | |
-We have to travel far to reach -our different destinations. | 0:40:36 | 0:40:41 | |
-How do the locals cope travelling -from one town to the next? | 0:40:41 | 0:40:46 | |
-Since the Caucasus are so close -to the Europe-Asia border... | 0:40:49 | 0:40:53 | |
-..you can meet people from over -19 different nationalities here. | 0:40:53 | 0:40:57 | |
-I'm going to meet a man -of Adygean descent. | 0:40:57 | 0:41:01 | |
-He benefits greatly -from what the mountains can offer. | 0:41:01 | 0:41:05 | |
-Deep in this thicket -of mountain plants... | 0:41:22 | 0:41:24 | |
-..Zamudin Ghuche is looking -for one thing in particular. | 0:41:24 | 0:41:28 | |
-Carefully, -he studies the giant hogweed. | 0:41:44 | 0:41:47 | |
-The Caucasus -is its natural habitat... | 0:41:47 | 0:41:50 | |
-..but it causes many problems -in our country. | 0:41:50 | 0:41:53 | |
-It destroys other plants and -causes painful itching to the skin. | 0:41:54 | 0:41:59 | |
-The giant hogweed is a problem -for the Adygeans, too... | 0:42:12 | 0:42:17 | |
-..but they know it's less likely -to cause itching... | 0:42:18 | 0:42:21 | |
-..after it's been dried out. | 0:42:21 | 0:42:22 | |
-It can also be used -to make musical instruments. | 0:42:26 | 0:42:29 | |
-Just like some of the area's -unique creatures... | 0:42:32 | 0:42:36 | |
-..traditional Adygean music -is also in danger of dying out. | 0:42:36 | 0:42:41 | |
-The population of Adygeans here -is around 100,000. | 0:42:41 | 0:42:45 | |
-Zamudin tries to keep -one of their traditions alive... | 0:42:45 | 0:42:49 | |
-..by making traditional -musical instruments. | 0:42:49 | 0:42:52 | |
-After collecting the plants... | 0:42:54 | 0:42:56 | |
-..Arseni, my translator, -takes me to meet Zamudin. | 0:42:56 | 0:43:01 | |
-I want to learn more -about the instruments he makes... | 0:43:01 | 0:43:05 | |
-..and the traditional music -which is so important to him. | 0:43:05 | 0:43:09 | |
-He tells me -how he was born and raised here. | 0:43:33 | 0:43:36 | |
-He learnt the skill of carving -instruments from his forefathers. | 0:43:36 | 0:43:42 | |
-The music and instruments have been -inspired by the mountains... | 0:43:42 | 0:43:47 | |
-..and the surrounding landscape. | 0:43:47 | 0:43:50 | |
-Over 20 years ago, -very few instruments were available. | 0:43:51 | 0:43:56 | |
-As he's learnt more -about making instruments... | 0:43:56 | 0:43:59 | |
-..he's been able to make -different kinds of instruments. | 0:44:00 | 0:44:04 | |
-Zamudin has formed a group -who perform in local events. | 0:44:04 | 0:44:09 | |
-It's important to encourage young -people to join and learn the skill. | 0:44:09 | 0:44:14 | |
-They're eager to perform for me. | 0:44:22 | 0:44:25 | |
-Even though -I'm not a musical person... | 0:44:25 | 0:44:28 | |
-..I'm impressed by their effort -to keep the tradition alive. | 0:44:29 | 0:44:33 | |
-Before leaving, I want to be -high up in the mountains once more. | 0:44:52 | 0:44:58 | |
-After speaking to the locals... | 0:44:58 | 0:45:00 | |
-..I know that one of their greatest -worries in winter is avalanches. | 0:45:00 | 0:45:05 | |
-Over 350 major avalanches -happen every year. | 0:45:05 | 0:45:09 | |
-Between November and April, -avalanches are a real danger. | 0:45:18 | 0:45:23 | |
-The weather is changeable in winter. | 0:45:23 | 0:45:26 | |
-It often changes without warning. | 0:45:26 | 0:45:29 | |
-The Caucasus are renowned for -the layer of snow on their summits. | 0:45:32 | 0:45:38 | |
-In some areas, the thickness -is over five metres deep. | 0:45:38 | 0:45:42 | |
-The snow falls in the Achishko area -in early winter. | 0:45:42 | 0:45:47 | |
-The thickness of the snow -can be as much as seven metres deep. | 0:45:48 | 0:45:52 | |
-The avalanche is so powerful, -it clears everything in its path... | 0:46:27 | 0:46:33 | |
-..including rocks and trees. | 0:46:33 | 0:46:37 | |
-Despite being a dangerous event... | 0:46:43 | 0:46:46 | |
-..you cannot ignore the drama -caused by this natural occurrence. | 0:46:46 | 0:46:50 | |
-Here I am again, high up -on the mountains for the final time. | 0:47:13 | 0:47:18 | |
-It's an opportunity for me to -appreciate everything I've seen... | 0:47:18 | 0:47:23 | |
-..in this part of Russia. | 0:47:23 | 0:47:26 | |
-Before I came out to the Caucasus... | 0:47:29 | 0:47:31 | |
-..I was expecting to see a series -of high, desolate mountains... | 0:47:32 | 0:47:36 | |
-..with steep cliffs. | 0:47:36 | 0:47:38 | |
-I've been pleasantly surprised -by the wealth of habitats here... | 0:47:39 | 0:47:43 | |
-..from the snow and glaciers -along the streams... | 0:47:43 | 0:47:47 | |
-..the coniferous -and deciduous trees... | 0:47:47 | 0:47:51 | |
-..all the way down to the -alpine meadows covered in flowers. | 0:47:51 | 0:47:55 | |
-It's really whetted my appetite. | 0:47:55 | 0:47:58 | |
-If there's this much wealth here... | 0:47:58 | 0:48:01 | |
-..I'm looking forward so much -to exploring the rest of Russia. | 0:48:01 | 0:48:05 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Simian 04 Cyf. | 0:48:52 | 0:48:55 | |
-. | 0:48:55 | 0:48:55 |