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Trees. Surely among the most magnificent of all living things. | 0:00:33 | 0:00:39 | |
Some are the largest organisms on Earth, dwarfing all others, | 0:00:41 | 0:00:46 | |
and these are the tallest of them all. | 0:00:46 | 0:00:50 | |
The deciduous and coniferous woodlands | 0:01:02 | 0:01:05 | |
that grow in the seasonal parts of our planet | 0:01:05 | 0:01:08 | |
are the most extensive forests on Earth. | 0:01:08 | 0:01:12 | |
Their sheer extent stuns the imagination. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:23 | |
The barren snows of the Arctic. | 0:01:35 | 0:01:39 | |
A thousand miles from the North Pole and heading south. | 0:01:39 | 0:01:43 | |
This is the very first place that trees can grow. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:50 | |
To begin with, the conifers are sparse, | 0:01:52 | 0:01:55 | |
but soon, they dominate the land. | 0:01:55 | 0:01:58 | |
This is the taiga forest. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:09 | |
There are as many trees here as in all the world's rainforests combined. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:17 | |
The taiga circles the globe | 0:02:17 | 0:02:19 | |
and contains a third of all the trees on Earth. | 0:02:19 | 0:02:23 | |
It produces so much oxygen | 0:02:23 | 0:02:26 | |
that it refreshes the atmosphere of the entire planet. | 0:02:26 | 0:02:30 | |
At the taiga's northern extent, | 0:02:34 | 0:02:37 | |
the growing season can last for just one month a year. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:41 | |
It can take 50 years for a tree to get bigger than a seedling. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:47 | |
It's a silent world, where little stirs. | 0:03:00 | 0:03:04 | |
But there are occasional signs of life - | 0:03:06 | 0:03:10 | |
stories written in the snow. | 0:03:10 | 0:03:13 | |
The prints of an Arctic fox, | 0:03:13 | 0:03:16 | |
and the hare it might have been stalking. | 0:03:16 | 0:03:19 | |
A female polar bear and her two cubs. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:28 | |
Some animals are so difficult to glimpse | 0:03:37 | 0:03:41 | |
that they are like spirits. | 0:03:41 | 0:03:44 | |
One could live a lifetime in these woods and never see a lynx. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:49 | |
The cat must roam hundreds of miles in search of prey | 0:03:52 | 0:03:56 | |
and may never visit the same patch of forest twice. | 0:03:56 | 0:04:01 | |
It's the very essence of wilderness. | 0:04:01 | 0:04:04 | |
With so few prey animals here, | 0:04:09 | 0:04:12 | |
life for a hunter is particularly hard. | 0:04:12 | 0:04:16 | |
Creatures are scarce because few can eat conifer needles. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:24 | |
The moose is an exception. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:26 | |
Growth is so difficult | 0:04:30 | 0:04:33 | |
that conifers protect their precious leaves by filling them with resin. | 0:04:33 | 0:04:37 | |
That reduces water loss but it also makes them very distasteful. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:41 | |
At least the conifers' seeds are edible, | 0:04:52 | 0:04:55 | |
but they're protected within armour-plated cones, | 0:04:55 | 0:04:59 | |
and it takes a specialist to reach them. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:02 | |
The crossbill's extraordinary beak can prise apart the scales, | 0:05:05 | 0:05:09 | |
so that its tongue can extract the seeds. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:12 | |
Birds are fortunate. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:18 | |
When the seasonal crop is gathered, they can fly south. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:22 | |
But one animal is so expert at survival in this frozen forest | 0:05:26 | 0:05:31 | |
that it stays here and is active all year long. | 0:05:31 | 0:05:35 | |
In local folklore, the wolverine is a link to the spirit world | 0:05:37 | 0:05:42 | |
and a cross between a bear and a wolf. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:45 | |
In reality, it's a huge weasel. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:48 | |
Its bulk helps to conserve body heat, and also broadens its menu. | 0:05:51 | 0:05:56 | |
It's so big and powerful it can even bring down an adult caribou. | 0:05:56 | 0:06:01 | |
For its size, it's said that the animal can eat more in one sitting than any other... | 0:06:03 | 0:06:08 | |
which is why it's also known as "the glutton". | 0:06:08 | 0:06:11 | |
WOLVERINE GROWLS AND GRUNTS | 0:06:13 | 0:06:16 | |
Being gluttonous here is a very effective strategy. | 0:06:29 | 0:06:33 | |
It's wise to eat all you can, when you can. | 0:06:33 | 0:06:38 | |
And when even a glutton can't eat more, | 0:06:38 | 0:06:41 | |
it stores what's left for later in the surrounding deep freeze. | 0:06:41 | 0:06:46 | |
Spring in the ice forest. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:56 | |
The capercaillie can also digest conifer needles, | 0:07:07 | 0:07:11 | |
but feeding is not its priority at the moment. | 0:07:11 | 0:07:15 | |
Like gladiators, the males square up for a battle. | 0:07:17 | 0:07:21 | |
CLICKING AND SNAPPING OF BEAKS | 0:07:21 | 0:07:24 | |
Each may have just a single chance to impress a female. | 0:07:31 | 0:07:37 | |
Neither can afford a lapse in concentration. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:42 | |
The injured loser may not survive. | 0:08:05 | 0:08:09 | |
The inhabitants of this great wilderness | 0:08:14 | 0:08:17 | |
may live and die without ever having contact with humanity. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:22 | |
Long may it be that way. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:24 | |
The northern forests may be the largest on Earth, | 0:08:34 | 0:08:37 | |
but to see coniferous trees that have reached their full potential, | 0:08:37 | 0:08:42 | |
you must travel 1,000 miles south of here. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:45 | |
The Pacific coast of North America. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:53 | |
The land of hemlock, Douglas fir and giant redwood. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:05 | |
Here, water is never locked up in ice. | 0:09:12 | 0:09:15 | |
And even if rains fail, the needles can extract moisture | 0:09:15 | 0:09:20 | |
from the fogs that roll in from the sea. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:23 | |
The sun's energy powers these forests - not for one month, as it does in the taiga - | 0:09:31 | 0:09:37 | |
but for half the year. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:40 | |
These conifers grow at ten times the rate of those near the Arctic, | 0:09:48 | 0:09:53 | |
and they live for thousands of years. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:56 | |
One grove of redwoods in California | 0:10:05 | 0:10:08 | |
contains three of the tallest trees on Earth. | 0:10:08 | 0:10:12 | |
This one is over 100 metres high - the size of a 30-storey building. | 0:10:17 | 0:10:23 | |
These forests were growing here long before humans walked the Earth. | 0:10:50 | 0:10:56 | |
They were in their prime 20 million years ago, | 0:10:56 | 0:10:59 | |
and existed before the Swiss Alps or the Rocky Mountains were even raised. | 0:10:59 | 0:11:04 | |
There is more living matter in a forest of giant conifers | 0:11:17 | 0:11:21 | |
than in any tropical rainforest, | 0:11:21 | 0:11:24 | |
but it's all contained within the trees. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:28 | |
These are as inedible as those in the taiga, | 0:11:28 | 0:11:32 | |
so animals are still scarce, but they are present. | 0:11:32 | 0:11:36 | |
A pine marten. | 0:11:40 | 0:11:42 | |
It's spring, the best time of year for a marten to find food. | 0:11:42 | 0:11:47 | |
Birds' eggs are a seasonal snack, | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
and for a short time there's plenty of them. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:09 | |
Sometimes, perhaps, too many! | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
But to live here permanently, | 0:12:15 | 0:12:18 | |
the marten needs a more reliable food source. | 0:12:18 | 0:12:22 | |
Squirrels fit the bill. | 0:12:22 | 0:12:25 | |
They thrive here on the pine cones, and although these are also seasonal, | 0:12:25 | 0:12:29 | |
they can be stored and eaten throughout the year. | 0:12:29 | 0:12:33 | |
The squirrels are busy mating. | 0:12:37 | 0:12:40 | |
Good news for the hunter. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:45 | |
A distracted squirrel is a vulnerable squirrel. | 0:12:45 | 0:12:50 | |
But this time the amorous couple are safe. | 0:12:55 | 0:12:59 | |
There is a loner stocking his larder who will be the easier target. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:04 | |
SHRIEKING | 0:13:16 | 0:13:18 | |
SQUAWKING | 0:13:34 | 0:13:35 | |
Early summer, and great grey owl chicks are fledging. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:43 | |
Adults can only raise young here | 0:13:45 | 0:13:47 | |
in years when the seasonal vole crop is big enough to support them. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:53 | |
The moment has arrived for their first flight. | 0:13:57 | 0:14:01 | |
Leaping from the world's tallest trees is not for the faint-hearted. | 0:14:05 | 0:14:12 | |
If you're going to fall here, | 0:14:35 | 0:14:38 | |
it's quite a good idea to do it in stages! | 0:14:38 | 0:14:41 | |
OWL SQUAWKS | 0:14:55 | 0:14:58 | |
The ground is no place for an owl. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:03 | |
If he's to climb to the top of his class, he'll need to persevere. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:09 | |
So now, let's have another go. | 0:15:12 | 0:15:15 | |
The American conifer forests may not be the richest in animal life, | 0:15:35 | 0:15:40 | |
but their trees are extraordinary. | 0:15:40 | 0:15:43 | |
This giant sequoia, a relative of the redwood, | 0:15:43 | 0:15:47 | |
is the largest living thing on Earth. | 0:15:47 | 0:15:50 | |
Known as General Sherman, it's the weight of ten blue whales. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:56 | |
Higher up in the nearby mountains, bristlecone pines - | 0:16:05 | 0:16:10 | |
the oldest organisms on the planet. | 0:16:10 | 0:16:14 | |
Some have been here for 5,000 years. | 0:16:15 | 0:16:18 | |
They were alive before the Pyramids were built, | 0:16:18 | 0:16:22 | |
and were already 3,000 years old when Christ was born. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:26 | |
Across the Equator, in the Southern Hemisphere, | 0:16:31 | 0:16:35 | |
there are forests that mirror those of the North. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:38 | |
Here in South America, Araucaria trees or "monkey puzzles" | 0:16:38 | 0:16:44 | |
are like the conifers of the taiga. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:47 | |
They have waterproof scales instead of needles, | 0:16:47 | 0:16:50 | |
and their cones look a little different, | 0:16:50 | 0:16:52 | |
but the principles are the same. | 0:16:52 | 0:16:55 | |
Slender-billed parakeets, rather than crossbills, extract their seeds. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:04 | |
Where the growing season is longer, | 0:17:11 | 0:17:15 | |
there are alerce trees - the "redwoods of the South". | 0:17:15 | 0:17:19 | |
As in the frozen north, | 0:17:33 | 0:17:36 | |
the Valdivian forests of Chile support very few animals. | 0:17:36 | 0:17:41 | |
But that is the end of the similarity. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
This is a bizarre world of miniature creatures. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:51 | |
The pudu, the world's smallest deer, | 0:17:54 | 0:17:58 | |
feeds on the giant leaves of the gunnera plant. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:02 | |
The female is just 30cm high at the shoulder, | 0:18:09 | 0:18:12 | |
and her infants are hardly bigger than kittens. | 0:18:12 | 0:18:15 | |
The male must stay alert. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:35 | |
There are hunters here who would snatch his young. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:38 | |
Another miniature - the kodkod cat. | 0:18:40 | 0:18:44 | |
It's the smallest cat in all the Americas, | 0:18:47 | 0:18:51 | |
and a young pudu would be a feast for it. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:54 | |
But with the male on guard, the kodkod must lower his sights. | 0:18:54 | 0:19:00 | |
Moths are hatching. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:07 | |
They are the last of the summer. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
The tiny cat should be able to score with these. | 0:19:10 | 0:19:13 | |
No-one knows why the creatures here are so small, | 0:19:15 | 0:19:18 | |
but at least they can survive on meagre rations. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:22 | |
You might call this a game of cat and moth... | 0:19:47 | 0:19:51 | |
As winter approaches in Chile, | 0:20:14 | 0:20:17 | |
spring is arriving in the Northern Hemisphere. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:21 | |
These are the deciduous forests of home. | 0:20:28 | 0:20:33 | |
Dormant throughout the winter, | 0:20:33 | 0:20:35 | |
they now undergo one of the most magical transformations in the natural world. | 0:20:35 | 0:20:41 | |
By late spring, the landscape is wrapped in a vibrant, fresh green. | 0:20:52 | 0:20:58 | |
Here, instead of conifers, there are broad-leaved trees | 0:20:58 | 0:21:02 | |
and that makes the character of this forest entirely different. | 0:21:02 | 0:21:06 | |
Being broad, these leaves trap much more light than needles, | 0:21:11 | 0:21:16 | |
but they are also thin, soft...and edible. | 0:21:16 | 0:21:19 | |
And others can eat the leaf-eaters. | 0:21:37 | 0:21:41 | |
It's spring in the great broad-leaved forests | 0:22:02 | 0:22:06 | |
of Eastern Europe and Asiatic Russia. | 0:22:06 | 0:22:10 | |
The mandarin ducks are courting. | 0:22:10 | 0:22:13 | |
The female mandarin nests in a tree hole, | 0:22:26 | 0:22:30 | |
and when it's time for everyone to leave, she leads the way. | 0:22:30 | 0:22:34 | |
The ducklings are only 24 hours old. | 0:22:37 | 0:22:42 | |
It's a long drop, and a few calls of encouragement are required. | 0:22:43 | 0:22:48 | |
Two down, seven to go. | 0:23:00 | 0:23:04 | |
DUCK CALLS | 0:23:04 | 0:23:06 | |
There are still two missing. | 0:23:36 | 0:23:39 | |
All present and correct. | 0:23:59 | 0:24:02 | |
But they won't be safe until they reach water, | 0:24:02 | 0:24:06 | |
and the forest pool is almost a mile away. | 0:24:06 | 0:24:10 | |
By June, the days are at their longest, | 0:24:44 | 0:24:47 | |
and all across the Northern Hemisphere | 0:24:47 | 0:24:50 | |
the broad leaves are hard at work. | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
On the east coast of North America, | 0:25:01 | 0:25:03 | |
it seems like any other summer's evening. | 0:25:03 | 0:25:06 | |
But tonight is special. | 0:25:08 | 0:25:11 | |
After 17 years underground, creatures are stirring. | 0:25:15 | 0:25:21 | |
OWL HOOTS | 0:25:21 | 0:25:24 | |
The nymphs of the periodical cicada have been biding their time - | 0:25:27 | 0:25:33 | |
now they march like zombies towards the nearest tree, | 0:25:33 | 0:25:37 | |
and start to climb. | 0:25:37 | 0:25:39 | |
At first, there are merely thousands, | 0:25:46 | 0:25:50 | |
but soon, more than a billion swarm all over the forest - | 0:25:50 | 0:25:54 | |
the biggest insect emergence on the planet is underway. | 0:25:54 | 0:25:59 | |
They invade the upper branches, | 0:26:29 | 0:26:31 | |
where they climb out of their external skeletons | 0:26:31 | 0:26:35 | |
and assume their adult, winged form. | 0:26:35 | 0:26:37 | |
At first, they are white and soft, | 0:26:45 | 0:26:48 | |
but they have until dawn to complete their transformation. | 0:26:48 | 0:26:52 | |
LOUD BUZZ OF INSECTS | 0:26:57 | 0:26:59 | |
After an absence of 17 years, the forest is now overrun by cicadas. | 0:27:06 | 0:27:12 | |
The adults are clumsy, and very edible. | 0:27:20 | 0:27:24 | |
For turtles and other inhabitants of the forest, | 0:27:33 | 0:27:36 | |
this is a feast they are lucky to see once in their lifetime, | 0:27:36 | 0:27:40 | |
and they gorge themselves while they can. | 0:27:40 | 0:27:43 | |
Times have never been so good! | 0:27:57 | 0:28:00 | |
The cicadas have no defences | 0:28:00 | 0:28:02 | |
and virtually offer themselves to their attackers. | 0:28:02 | 0:28:05 | |
The stream of insects is so relentless | 0:28:15 | 0:28:18 | |
that soon all the predators are full to the point of bursting. | 0:28:18 | 0:28:22 | |
And still the cicadas come. | 0:28:32 | 0:28:36 | |
With the predators overwhelmed, the survivors can achieve their purpose. | 0:28:36 | 0:28:41 | |
After mating, the adults lay their eggs and then their job is done. | 0:28:43 | 0:28:49 | |
In just a few days, they will all die | 0:28:49 | 0:28:52 | |
and the forest will fall silent. | 0:28:52 | 0:28:55 | |
The cicadas here will not be heard again for another 17 years. | 0:28:55 | 0:29:00 | |
Having fed the predators, the cicadas leave one final gift - | 0:29:11 | 0:29:15 | |
for the forest itself. | 0:29:15 | 0:29:17 | |
The nutrients in a generation of cicadas | 0:29:17 | 0:29:20 | |
are returned to the soil all at once, | 0:29:20 | 0:29:24 | |
and the trees enjoy a marked spurt in growth. | 0:29:24 | 0:29:27 | |
This may be the single largest dose of fertilizer in the natural world. | 0:29:27 | 0:29:33 | |
In the great broad-leaved forests of Eastern Europe, | 0:29:53 | 0:29:57 | |
the days are beginning to shorten | 0:29:57 | 0:30:00 | |
and a primeval sound heralds the onset of autumn. | 0:30:00 | 0:30:04 | |
STAG ROARS | 0:30:04 | 0:30:06 | |
Male red deer are starting their rut. | 0:30:22 | 0:30:26 | |
The air is heavy with the scent of females. | 0:30:31 | 0:30:35 | |
STAG ROARS IN THE DISTANCE | 0:30:35 | 0:30:38 | |
STAG ROARS | 0:30:38 | 0:30:41 | |
The rules are simple - winner takes all. | 0:30:46 | 0:30:51 | |
Across the Northern Hemisphere, the deciduous forests are changing. | 0:31:42 | 0:31:48 | |
Leaves that have provided food and shelter since the spring are now shed. | 0:31:48 | 0:31:53 | |
In the broad-leaved forests of Russia, | 0:31:58 | 0:32:01 | |
winter is particularly severe. | 0:32:01 | 0:32:03 | |
But there will always be some who benefit from hardship. | 0:32:09 | 0:32:12 | |
Black vultures scavenge from the carcass of a sika deer | 0:32:17 | 0:32:21 | |
that has died of cold, or starvation. | 0:32:21 | 0:32:24 | |
These endangered birds are visitors. | 0:32:24 | 0:32:27 | |
They have come down from the north to escape the even colder conditions in Siberia. | 0:32:27 | 0:32:32 | |
An Amur leopard - the rarest cat on Earth. | 0:33:07 | 0:33:13 | |
Winter is a difficult time for this hunter. | 0:33:13 | 0:33:16 | |
There are no leaves for cover, and no young prey animals. | 0:33:16 | 0:33:21 | |
This female has the added pressure of having to provide for her one-year-old cub. | 0:33:21 | 0:33:26 | |
It will be another 12 months before he will be able to fend for himself. | 0:33:26 | 0:33:31 | |
The bickering vultures have abandoned the carcass. | 0:33:43 | 0:33:47 | |
It's a valuable discovery for the leopards... | 0:33:47 | 0:33:50 | |
..but the cub doesn't share its mother's sense of urgency. | 0:33:56 | 0:34:01 | |
The vultures have left behind plenty of good meat, | 0:34:28 | 0:34:33 | |
but it's stiff with frost. | 0:34:33 | 0:34:35 | |
The mother works to open the hide | 0:34:37 | 0:34:39 | |
and make feeding a little easier for her cub. | 0:34:39 | 0:34:42 | |
There are only 40 Amur leopards left in the wild, | 0:34:53 | 0:34:58 | |
and that number is still falling. | 0:35:00 | 0:35:04 | |
The harshness of the winter here hinders their increase in numbers. | 0:35:04 | 0:35:09 | |
It takes one of these females longer to raise her young to independence | 0:35:09 | 0:35:13 | |
than it does a leopard in Africa. | 0:35:13 | 0:35:15 | |
If the mother can sustain her cub for a few more weeks, | 0:35:23 | 0:35:28 | |
spring will bring an increase in prey and her task will lighten. | 0:35:28 | 0:35:33 | |
For all the inhabitants of this seasonal forest, | 0:35:37 | 0:35:41 | |
the long, cold wait is nearly over. | 0:35:41 | 0:35:44 | |
Spring in a deciduous woodland is special. | 0:35:56 | 0:36:01 | |
With no leaves overhead, | 0:36:04 | 0:36:06 | |
the rays of the sun strike the forest floor directly | 0:36:06 | 0:36:09 | |
and their warmth rouses plants from their winter sleep. | 0:36:09 | 0:36:13 | |
The ground-living plants are in a hurry - | 0:36:20 | 0:36:23 | |
before long, the trees above will come into leaf and steal their light. | 0:36:23 | 0:36:27 | |
Their flowers decorate the forest floor | 0:36:37 | 0:36:40 | |
as they advertise their sweet nectar to the newly emerged insects. | 0:36:40 | 0:36:44 | |
The spring blooms of the deciduous woodlands have no equivalent | 0:37:01 | 0:37:05 | |
in either the great conifer forests or the tropical jungles. | 0:37:05 | 0:37:10 | |
Within a matter of weeks, the canopy has closed | 0:37:15 | 0:37:19 | |
and only a few wheeling shafts of light penetrate the woodland. | 0:37:19 | 0:37:24 | |
In the tree-tops, the broad leaves rapidly expand to their full size | 0:37:32 | 0:37:37 | |
to make the most of summer while it lasts. | 0:37:37 | 0:37:40 | |
Then, after a few months, the days begin to shorten again | 0:37:46 | 0:37:50 | |
and the trees must shut down and shed their leaves | 0:37:50 | 0:37:54 | |
in preparation for the cold, dark time ahead. | 0:37:54 | 0:37:58 | |
Great tracts of North America flush red as the season progresses. | 0:38:02 | 0:38:08 | |
The effect is so spectacular and so extensive | 0:38:09 | 0:38:13 | |
that it can be seen from space. | 0:38:13 | 0:38:16 | |
The threat of winter frost | 0:38:30 | 0:38:33 | |
is not the only reason for trees to shed leaves. | 0:38:33 | 0:38:37 | |
These forests stand in the tropics. | 0:38:41 | 0:38:45 | |
Here, day length never changes, | 0:38:45 | 0:38:47 | |
but the dry season is so severe | 0:38:47 | 0:38:49 | |
that the trees can't afford to lose the amount of water | 0:38:49 | 0:38:52 | |
that would evaporate from their broad leaves, so the leaves must be shed. | 0:38:52 | 0:38:57 | |
The forest resembles a European woodland in mid-winter. | 0:39:14 | 0:39:19 | |
But the heat is overpowering, and its inhabitants unfamiliar. | 0:39:19 | 0:39:24 | |
For the creatures of India's teak forests, these are desperate times. | 0:39:29 | 0:39:35 | |
But salvation is at hand. | 0:39:35 | 0:39:38 | |
The mahua tree is about to bloom. | 0:39:38 | 0:39:41 | |
Its flowers are full of liquid, making them irresistible. | 0:39:45 | 0:39:49 | |
The mahua is an oasis in a hot, dry desert. | 0:39:56 | 0:40:01 | |
Those that fly or climb are not the only ones to get a share. | 0:40:10 | 0:40:16 | |
Chital deer follow the langur monkeys, | 0:40:19 | 0:40:22 | |
collecting the flowers that fall. | 0:40:22 | 0:40:25 | |
The monkeys welcome the deer, | 0:40:31 | 0:40:33 | |
for deer are unrivalled at spotting predators. | 0:40:33 | 0:40:38 | |
If they are relaxed, it must be safe to come down to the ground | 0:40:38 | 0:40:42 | |
and gather the food that lies there. | 0:40:42 | 0:40:45 | |
But it's not wise to travel far from the sentinels. | 0:40:55 | 0:41:00 | |
SNARLING | 0:41:30 | 0:41:32 | |
Tropical Madagascar. | 0:41:51 | 0:41:54 | |
The wet season. | 0:41:54 | 0:41:56 | |
It is now that the baobab trees re-grow their leaves, | 0:42:02 | 0:42:06 | |
and collect water to store in their huge trunks, | 0:42:06 | 0:42:10 | |
ready for the dry season ahead. | 0:42:10 | 0:42:12 | |
The prehistoric shape of these trees is rightly famous, | 0:42:32 | 0:42:36 | |
but few have ever witnessed the baobabs' real magic, | 0:42:36 | 0:42:40 | |
for that happens at night, and high in the tree tops. | 0:42:40 | 0:42:44 | |
Flush with water, | 0:42:49 | 0:42:51 | |
the baobab prepares itself for an unforgettable display. | 0:42:51 | 0:42:56 | |
Once started, the foot-long flowers can open fully in less than a minute. | 0:43:11 | 0:43:18 | |
As the flowers open, the creatures of the forest wake. | 0:44:01 | 0:44:05 | |
The mouse lemurs have been hibernating throughout the dry season. | 0:44:17 | 0:44:21 | |
With the return of rains, it's time to get busy. | 0:44:21 | 0:44:25 | |
A dozen share this tree hole, but there's plenty of room. | 0:44:31 | 0:44:34 | |
The world's smallest primate is no bigger than your hand. | 0:44:34 | 0:44:39 | |
High in the branches above, the baobab's nectar is starting to flow. | 0:44:44 | 0:44:50 | |
A drink of this sugary, energy-packed liquid | 0:45:03 | 0:45:07 | |
is an ideal way for the lemurs to start their day. | 0:45:07 | 0:45:10 | |
Liquid oozes from the flower's centre and trickles down the petals. | 0:45:14 | 0:45:20 | |
But the nectar is not intended for lemurs. | 0:45:35 | 0:45:39 | |
These giant hawk moths are the drinkers the tree needs to attract. | 0:45:42 | 0:45:49 | |
As they sip, moving from tree to tree, | 0:45:57 | 0:46:01 | |
so they transfer pollen and fertilise the flowers. | 0:46:01 | 0:46:05 | |
Nectar was an excellent first course for the lemurs. | 0:46:19 | 0:46:23 | |
But moths are the main dish. | 0:46:23 | 0:46:26 | |
The moths are very important to the lemurs, | 0:46:27 | 0:46:30 | |
for they will replenish the fat reserves | 0:46:30 | 0:46:33 | |
that the lemurs need to survive the barren dry season. | 0:46:33 | 0:46:37 | |
The lemurs might seem to be a pest for the baobab. | 0:46:44 | 0:46:49 | |
They kill its pollinators and rob it of its nectar, | 0:46:49 | 0:46:51 | |
but they do give something in return, for as they wrestle with the moths | 0:46:51 | 0:46:56 | |
their fur inevitably becomes dusted with pollen, | 0:46:56 | 0:47:00 | |
so they too become pollinators. | 0:47:00 | 0:47:03 | |
As the alternation of wet and dry seasons | 0:47:24 | 0:47:27 | |
brings change to some tropical forests, | 0:47:27 | 0:47:31 | |
so the progression of summer to winter | 0:47:31 | 0:47:34 | |
dictates life in more temperate regions. | 0:47:34 | 0:47:37 | |
Whether trees have needles or broad leaves, | 0:47:46 | 0:47:49 | |
it is their ability to survive annual change | 0:47:49 | 0:47:53 | |
that has enabled them to cover such vast areas of the Earth, | 0:47:53 | 0:47:58 | |
and made the seasonal forests the greatest forests of all. | 0:47:58 | 0:48:03 | |
One of the biggest challenges facing the Forests team | 0:48:27 | 0:48:31 | |
was how to bring a static tree to life on screen. | 0:48:31 | 0:48:34 | |
The solution is usually to move the camera, but how did they do it? | 0:48:34 | 0:48:39 | |
The team's favourite tool was the cinebule, or film balloon, | 0:48:47 | 0:48:52 | |
here being readied by pilot and inventor Dany Cleyet-Marrel. | 0:48:52 | 0:48:57 | |
Yeah, the cinebule is the first | 0:48:57 | 0:49:00 | |
flying machine specifically designed for filming, yes. | 0:49:00 | 0:49:04 | |
Flying is my passion, sure, | 0:49:05 | 0:49:08 | |
but really in this kind of, er, place in Africa, | 0:49:08 | 0:49:15 | |
or in the north, or in South America, | 0:49:15 | 0:49:18 | |
everywhere round the world, yes, it's uh, my passion. | 0:49:18 | 0:49:23 | |
With Dany, Planet Earth took the cinebule to all corners of the globe, | 0:49:23 | 0:49:27 | |
but it was the trip to film baobab trees in Madagascar, | 0:49:27 | 0:49:31 | |
with cameraman Warwick Sloss, that was to prove the most memorable. | 0:49:31 | 0:49:37 | |
I've never, ever, ever been in anything like this before. | 0:49:41 | 0:49:46 | |
I must say I'm slightly nervous of it, | 0:49:46 | 0:49:49 | |
partly because it's basically a deckchair with a balloon on top, | 0:49:49 | 0:49:53 | |
and partly because I can see where my head's gonna be - | 0:49:53 | 0:49:56 | |
it's gonna be incredibly close to that burner. | 0:49:56 | 0:49:59 | |
I do have a fear of heights. | 0:50:03 | 0:50:06 | |
I mostly have a fear of falling through them onto the ground, | 0:50:06 | 0:50:10 | |
but I think I'm happier with this, | 0:50:10 | 0:50:12 | |
it's got a little seatbelt and everything, | 0:50:12 | 0:50:14 | |
and the BBC Health and Safety is always very good, | 0:50:14 | 0:50:17 | |
all the boxes are ticked, all signed off, | 0:50:17 | 0:50:20 | |
all the proper forms and everything, so I'm sure this will be fine. | 0:50:20 | 0:50:26 | |
Puzzled locals take the ringside seats, | 0:50:26 | 0:50:30 | |
and Warwick takes the seat no-one else wants. | 0:50:30 | 0:50:35 | |
Set for take off. | 0:50:35 | 0:50:37 | |
Oh, my giddy aunt! | 0:50:48 | 0:50:50 | |
Oh, finally, they're off! | 0:51:04 | 0:51:06 | |
At last, we've got the cinebule here and we've got fuel, | 0:51:06 | 0:51:10 | |
and as long as the wind stays good and they don't land in Mozambique, | 0:51:10 | 0:51:15 | |
we should be absolutely fine. | 0:51:15 | 0:51:17 | |
The sort of shots we're looking for are shots that really rotate around baobab trees, | 0:51:19 | 0:51:24 | |
and show their three-dimensional structure | 0:51:24 | 0:51:26 | |
and Warwick and Dany will need to communicate closely | 0:51:26 | 0:51:29 | |
to pull off shots like that, which will be interesting, cos you can hardly hear over the fan, | 0:51:29 | 0:51:34 | |
and Dany's English isn't that amazing. I think they'll have some interesting times up there. | 0:51:34 | 0:51:39 | |
How much control do we have at the moment? | 0:51:39 | 0:51:44 | |
-Not very much. -Not much. | 0:51:44 | 0:51:46 | |
Dany's quite a flamboyant Frenchman and Warwick's reserved, sarcastic, rather English. | 0:51:47 | 0:51:52 | |
They're either gonna get on really well, or it's gonna be a disaster. | 0:51:52 | 0:51:57 | |
Buoyed by assurances of Dany's exemplary safety record, | 0:51:57 | 0:52:01 | |
Warwick frames up on his first baobab. | 0:52:01 | 0:52:04 | |
Oh, ohhhhh! | 0:52:08 | 0:52:11 | |
BLEEP! | 0:52:13 | 0:52:14 | |
BLEEP! | 0:52:23 | 0:52:25 | |
BLEEP! | 0:52:25 | 0:52:27 | |
I go down, sorry! | 0:52:28 | 0:52:31 | |
Luckily neither the tree nor the crew seem too damaged. | 0:52:31 | 0:52:35 | |
Ah, stupid, I am stupid! | 0:52:35 | 0:52:38 | |
-Are you OK?! -Yeah, just. -Check the gear for me. | 0:52:41 | 0:52:43 | |
Yeah I think so, just minor flesh wounds. | 0:52:43 | 0:52:48 | |
Miraculously, everything still works - another take-off is imminent. | 0:52:48 | 0:52:53 | |
We're just deciding which tree to try and crash land into, | 0:52:53 | 0:52:57 | |
preferably the hardest, spikiest one that's nearby. | 0:52:57 | 0:53:01 | |
That one looks quite good, it's got some sticking out thorns on it | 0:53:01 | 0:53:05 | |
and stuff to go into the shins and the hands and the face, | 0:53:05 | 0:53:09 | |
and the lens. | 0:53:09 | 0:53:10 | |
-Stupid me. -One of those things. -It's my fault. | 0:53:10 | 0:53:13 | |
It's the excitement of ballooning. | 0:53:13 | 0:53:15 | |
-Yes, no, I don't like that. -OK. | 0:53:15 | 0:53:20 | |
-Very pioneering, that. -Yeah, how was the adrenaline level, Warwick? | 0:53:20 | 0:53:24 | |
Oh, it's pretty high at the moment, could have been the coffee this morning. | 0:53:24 | 0:53:29 | |
-Warwick, no problem, it's OK, we go? -Yeah. May as well. | 0:53:29 | 0:53:33 | |
After a moment's put-down, they're off again. | 0:53:37 | 0:53:41 | |
So this time if we try and go around them a bit? | 0:53:41 | 0:53:44 | |
-What? -This time we'll try and go around the trees. -Yes. | 0:53:44 | 0:53:48 | |
And that was one of the most heart-stopping moments I can ever remember. | 0:53:49 | 0:53:53 | |
Oh, I was so scared when I saw Warwick hit that tree and Dany go, "Oh, la la!" | 0:53:53 | 0:53:57 | |
I thought, "Oh, this is it," but they're OK, all that we suffered is a damaged propeller. | 0:53:57 | 0:54:03 | |
As long as the wind doesn't get up, | 0:54:03 | 0:54:05 | |
because now they've lost most of their steering ability, we should be fine. | 0:54:05 | 0:54:09 | |
Anyway, fingers crossed. | 0:54:09 | 0:54:11 | |
That doesn't sound good. | 0:54:16 | 0:54:18 | |
ENGINE STRAINS | 0:54:18 | 0:54:20 | |
Oh, God. | 0:54:20 | 0:54:23 | |
-Well, what's happened? -I think it's the exhaust. | 0:54:24 | 0:54:28 | |
Oh, that's all right, then(!) | 0:54:28 | 0:54:30 | |
-Can we carry on or do we need to? -Oh, no, no. -OK. | 0:54:33 | 0:54:36 | |
Worried, Dany decides to land again, quickly. | 0:54:36 | 0:54:42 | |
Ah, today, God knows. | 0:54:46 | 0:54:48 | |
Ah, well, never mind. | 0:54:53 | 0:54:54 | |
So stupid what I have done this morning. | 0:54:54 | 0:54:57 | |
Oh, don't worry, mate, everyone makes mistakes. | 0:54:57 | 0:55:00 | |
-I'm just pleased to be alive. -Yes. -I thought I was gonna die. | 0:55:00 | 0:55:05 | |
I'm sorry I was rude to you. | 0:55:05 | 0:55:08 | |
Here they come. | 0:55:12 | 0:55:13 | |
Whoa! | 0:55:13 | 0:55:16 | |
Oh, Gawd! | 0:55:17 | 0:55:19 | |
Oh! | 0:55:20 | 0:55:22 | |
God! | 0:55:22 | 0:55:24 | |
-Was that OK? -Yeah, I'm OK, are you OK? Oh. | 0:55:24 | 0:55:28 | |
Oh. | 0:55:28 | 0:55:31 | |
Oh, Lord. | 0:55:31 | 0:55:33 | |
We seem to be heading towards the lake - is that normal? | 0:55:33 | 0:55:37 | |
Probably is, it is for today. | 0:55:37 | 0:55:39 | |
Oh, so stupid this morning! Oh, ah. | 0:55:39 | 0:55:42 | |
-I don't like that. -Exciting. -No yes, for you, but... | 0:55:42 | 0:55:46 | |
Oh, it was astonishing. | 0:55:46 | 0:55:49 | |
It was great. It's great that you're OK. | 0:55:49 | 0:55:53 | |
I'm in a much better mood now that I'm down and not in a tree. | 0:55:53 | 0:55:57 | |
The post-mortem confirms Dany's fears. | 0:55:57 | 0:56:01 | |
Probably the exhaust it is broken. | 0:56:01 | 0:56:04 | |
-The exhaust is broken? -Yes, it is why I said this is not my morning. | 0:56:04 | 0:56:09 | |
Ohhh! | 0:56:12 | 0:56:14 | |
The cinebule is in need of a major overhaul. | 0:56:14 | 0:56:18 | |
The repair is worryingly inexpensive. | 0:56:30 | 0:56:34 | |
One half of the propeller was snapped in the crash - | 0:56:39 | 0:56:44 | |
by shortening the other half, Dany hopes to restore balance. | 0:56:44 | 0:56:47 | |
It takes all night. | 0:56:52 | 0:56:55 | |
Uh...we're going the wrong way... | 0:57:05 | 0:57:09 | |
Sure, the only problem is that my propeller is shorter. | 0:57:09 | 0:57:13 | |
With half a propeller and a jerry-rigged exhaust, | 0:57:13 | 0:57:16 | |
the cinebule is harder to steer. | 0:57:16 | 0:57:19 | |
There's a good area, | 0:57:19 | 0:57:21 | |
-we're going straight through there. -Yes. | 0:57:21 | 0:57:23 | |
Undeterred, the pair hit their stride. | 0:57:23 | 0:57:28 | |
That's nice. | 0:57:35 | 0:57:36 | |
That's great. | 0:57:40 | 0:57:41 | |
That's good, that's a nice, constant speed. | 0:57:44 | 0:57:47 | |
Lovely. | 0:57:47 | 0:57:50 | |
Many of Planet Earth's finest images would have been impossible | 0:57:50 | 0:57:53 | |
without passionate and devoted specialists like Dany. | 0:57:53 | 0:57:58 | |
May they always be out there. | 0:57:58 | 0:58:01 | |
Ah, here we go again, ahhhhhh! | 0:58:01 | 0:58:04 | |
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:58:15 | 0:58:19 | |
E-mail [email protected] | 0:58:19 | 0:58:23 |