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-I'm Dr Chris. -And I'm Dr Xand. | 0:00:24 | 0:00:26 | |
-We are identical twins. -Twins! | 0:00:26 | 0:00:28 | |
'Do you know your body does loads of amazing things every day | 0:00:28 | 0:00:32 | |
'without you even realising it?' | 0:00:32 | 0:00:34 | |
Welcome to my poo factory. | 0:00:34 | 0:00:36 | |
'We're going to show you how.' | 0:00:36 | 0:00:39 | |
Smell my armpits! | 0:00:39 | 0:00:40 | |
'We've got gobsmacking experiments...' | 0:00:40 | 0:00:42 | |
Wow! | 0:00:42 | 0:00:44 | |
'..mind-bending body tricks...' | 0:00:44 | 0:00:46 | |
-THEY LAUGH -'..and real medical mysteries...' | 0:00:46 | 0:00:49 | |
It's tickling the tip of my nose. | 0:00:49 | 0:00:51 | |
'So, are you ready to see what you're made of?' | 0:00:51 | 0:00:55 | |
-Coming... -Up... -Today... -On... | 0:00:55 | 0:00:57 | |
-Operation... -Ouch! | 0:00:57 | 0:00:58 | |
'Find out what happens inside your body when you eat. | 0:01:01 | 0:01:04 | |
'I'm on call with a rapid response team...' | 0:01:04 | 0:01:06 | |
I'm not moving you off this sofa until you're pain-free. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:09 | |
'..and Xand goes too far in mind-benders...' | 0:01:09 | 0:01:11 | |
Bar, far. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:14 | |
That's crazy. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:15 | |
'..but first...' | 0:01:15 | 0:01:17 | |
Accident and Emergency is the hospital department of surprises. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:21 | |
And there's nothing more surprising than this case. | 0:01:21 | 0:01:24 | |
'Waiting in Alder Hey Accident and Emergency with her mum | 0:01:24 | 0:01:27 | |
'is five-year-old Erin with a pinkie that's not too perky.' | 0:01:27 | 0:01:30 | |
It feels a little bit painful | 0:01:30 | 0:01:34 | |
and I can't get them all together. | 0:01:34 | 0:01:36 | |
Oh, dear! What happened there, then? | 0:01:36 | 0:01:38 | |
Erin was playing with her friends, Lily, Harry and George. | 0:01:39 | 0:01:43 | |
Sounds fun. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:45 | |
They were climbing. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:46 | |
-Ooh, climbing a mountain? -No, Xand. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:48 | |
-Climbing the walls? -No, Xand. They were climbing the stairs. | 0:01:48 | 0:01:51 | |
Uh-oh! Everyone knows not to play on the stairs. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:55 | |
The boys were trying to stop the girls from getting past, | 0:01:56 | 0:01:59 | |
but in the scuffle, Erin's little finger got pulled back. | 0:01:59 | 0:02:02 | |
Ouch! SIREN WAILS | 0:02:02 | 0:02:04 | |
-I can't even bend it. -That's no good. | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
Best get that funny finger checked out with an X-ray. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:11 | |
Nice and still for me like a statue. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:13 | |
Excellent, OK. | 0:02:14 | 0:02:16 | |
Whilst waiting for her X-ray results, | 0:02:16 | 0:02:18 | |
Erin's doing what all poorly people do. | 0:02:18 | 0:02:20 | |
MUSIC: Gangnam Style by Psy | 0:02:20 | 0:02:22 | |
Yes, she's dancing. | 0:02:22 | 0:02:24 | |
Well, she's a better dancer than you, Chris. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:27 | |
She certainly is. | 0:02:28 | 0:02:29 | |
That's enough now, Erin. | 0:02:30 | 0:02:31 | |
Time to hand over to Nurse Practitioner | 0:02:31 | 0:02:33 | |
Julia Maxted to check out | 0:02:33 | 0:02:35 | |
that painful pinkie. | 0:02:35 | 0:02:37 | |
So, first of all, your shoulder and your elbow, are they all OK? | 0:02:37 | 0:02:41 | |
-You can move those around? -Yeah. -You bet she can. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:43 | |
MUSIC: Gangnam Style by Psy | 0:02:43 | 0:02:48 | |
-It's sore there, OK. -ERIN INHALES SHARPLY | 0:02:48 | 0:02:50 | |
-That's... There. -Is that the worst bit? | 0:02:50 | 0:02:52 | |
OK, do you know what we need to do now? | 0:02:52 | 0:02:54 | |
-What? -Have a little look at your X-ray. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:56 | |
That doesn't look good. | 0:02:56 | 0:02:58 | |
So, what's happened is it's broken and then it's gone a bit crooked. | 0:02:58 | 0:03:03 | |
That's why it's sticking out. | 0:03:03 | 0:03:05 | |
What we need to do is to try and pull it back into a better position | 0:03:05 | 0:03:08 | |
so that it's not sticking out | 0:03:08 | 0:03:10 | |
so that then it'll heal in the right position. | 0:03:10 | 0:03:13 | |
And so what I think we'll probably do is get you | 0:03:13 | 0:03:15 | |
some special laughing gas. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:17 | |
Laughing gas will help relieve the pain Erin's in, especially | 0:03:17 | 0:03:21 | |
when straightening that finger. | 0:03:21 | 0:03:23 | |
I want to get the giggles. | 0:03:23 | 0:03:25 | |
Find out later if Erin does get the giggles and that finger gets fixed. | 0:03:25 | 0:03:29 | |
'Ready to see some amazing experiments?' | 0:03:33 | 0:03:36 | |
Yes! A triumph. | 0:03:36 | 0:03:38 | |
We're going to show you how your incredible body works. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:42 | |
Just don't try anything you see here at home. | 0:03:42 | 0:03:45 | |
Today, we're looking at how we power our bodies. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:48 | |
Now, this experiment is to show you what happens inside your body | 0:03:48 | 0:03:52 | |
every time you eat. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:53 | |
Now, Xand, what I need you to do is take that tube | 0:03:53 | 0:03:55 | |
and when I give you the instruction "blow", I want you to blow into it. | 0:03:55 | 0:03:59 | |
On blow, I go. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:01 | |
That's right, you go on blow. | 0:04:01 | 0:04:03 | |
HE COUGHS | 0:04:04 | 0:04:07 | |
-Xand, why did you do that? -You said blow. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:09 | |
Now we have to set it all up again. | 0:04:09 | 0:04:11 | |
For this experiment, we're using | 0:04:12 | 0:04:14 | |
lycopodium powder to represent food. | 0:04:14 | 0:04:17 | |
OK, Xand, blowtorch on. | 0:04:17 | 0:04:19 | |
-Are you ready, Xand? -Ready. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:23 | |
Blow. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:24 | |
-Wow! -Whoa! | 0:04:25 | 0:04:27 | |
'So what's going on?' | 0:04:29 | 0:04:30 | |
The lycopodium powder has mixed with the air breathed out by Xand, | 0:04:30 | 0:04:34 | |
been ignited by the flame causing a chemical reaction, | 0:04:34 | 0:04:37 | |
which releases lots of energy. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
Now, although there's no fire inside you, | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
chemically, this is what happens in your body when you eat. | 0:04:42 | 0:04:45 | |
Your food is fuel, just like the lycopodium powder, | 0:04:45 | 0:04:47 | |
it mixes with the oxygen and releases energy, | 0:04:47 | 0:04:50 | |
which is what allows you to do all sorts of things, | 0:04:50 | 0:04:53 | |
whether it's just breathing or running around. | 0:04:53 | 0:04:56 | |
But how much energy do you need | 0:04:56 | 0:04:57 | |
and is there such a thing as too much? Well, we're going to find out. | 0:04:57 | 0:05:01 | |
Your body is a bit like an engine, | 0:05:06 | 0:05:08 | |
so it needs fuel for all the things it has to do. | 0:05:08 | 0:05:10 | |
To show you what I mean, I've rigged up a simple engine system | 0:05:10 | 0:05:13 | |
-and I'm going to need Xand's body. -What? | 0:05:13 | 0:05:15 | |
Well, no problem at all, Chris. | 0:05:15 | 0:05:17 | |
My body is ready at the service of science. For many years, I've... | 0:05:17 | 0:05:21 | |
Actually, Xand, I don't need that body. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:23 | |
What? But you just said... | 0:05:23 | 0:05:25 | |
I've got mini Xand to help me. | 0:05:25 | 0:05:27 | |
What? You've clamped his legs? | 0:05:27 | 0:05:30 | |
Is that a wire in the back of his head? | 0:05:30 | 0:05:33 | |
What is going on? | 0:05:33 | 0:05:34 | |
Mini Xand is hooked up to an engine system, | 0:05:34 | 0:05:36 | |
which represents what your body does with the food and drink | 0:05:36 | 0:05:39 | |
that you consume. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:40 | |
-I can do what he's doing. -Stop it. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:44 | |
When you eat and drink, your body uses it to create energy. | 0:05:44 | 0:05:48 | |
So, with this engine, | 0:05:48 | 0:05:49 | |
this hose full of water represents your food and drink. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:52 | |
And when I squirt it onto the wheel, the wheel will turn, | 0:05:52 | 0:05:55 | |
creating energy, which is sent to the light bulb on mini Xand's head, | 0:05:55 | 0:05:59 | |
-which represents his energy levels. -OK. So, what now? | 0:05:59 | 0:06:03 | |
Well, we're going to see what happens | 0:06:03 | 0:06:05 | |
when different amounts of the fuel are pumped through to mini Xand. | 0:06:05 | 0:06:09 | |
First, this is what happens to mini Xand | 0:06:09 | 0:06:11 | |
when he eats just the right amount of energy. | 0:06:11 | 0:06:14 | |
It's a bit like if you eat a decent breakfast, lunch and dinner. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
You can see we have a nice balance, | 0:06:19 | 0:06:21 | |
mini Xand's light is on and everything is working perfectly. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:24 | |
Your body takes the fuel and turns it into the right | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
amount of energy you need for an average day. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:29 | |
But what about if mini Xand has had a really busy day | 0:06:29 | 0:06:34 | |
and he forgot to eat lunch. | 0:06:34 | 0:06:35 | |
That does happen. | 0:06:35 | 0:06:36 | |
Good question, Xand. Well, let's find out. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:39 | |
Now I'm putting less water on the wheel and it's not spinning, | 0:06:39 | 0:06:43 | |
so the light bulb isn't coming on. | 0:06:43 | 0:06:45 | |
-This is not good. -Exactly. | 0:06:45 | 0:06:47 | |
That's what happens if you don't eat enough. | 0:06:47 | 0:06:50 | |
Your poor body has no energy to do what it needs to. | 0:06:50 | 0:06:52 | |
And as a result, you feel tired | 0:06:52 | 0:06:54 | |
and it can mean your body won't be able to perform | 0:06:54 | 0:06:57 | |
all its functions properly. | 0:06:57 | 0:06:59 | |
That could make him ill. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:00 | |
I think you need to give him some more fuel right now, Chris. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:03 | |
Yes, but I think we also need to see what happens | 0:07:03 | 0:07:06 | |
if you eat or drink too much, | 0:07:06 | 0:07:07 | |
like that extra chocolate biscuit | 0:07:07 | 0:07:09 | |
I saw you eating earlier, Xand. Let's have a look. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:12 | |
So, now there's plenty of energy to power mini Xand and his light bulb. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:18 | |
'But we're putting so much fuel in, | 0:07:18 | 0:07:19 | |
'it's getting fuller than it should be.' | 0:07:19 | 0:07:21 | |
Exactly, and that's what happens when you eat more than you need to. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:25 | |
Your body has to find something to do with all that excess fuel. | 0:07:25 | 0:07:29 | |
Something tells me mini Xand is about to change. | 0:07:29 | 0:07:33 | |
Well, the excess fuel creates unused energy, | 0:07:33 | 0:07:35 | |
which gets turned into fat cells. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:37 | |
Mini Xand is becoming overweight. | 0:07:37 | 0:07:40 | |
Oh, no! Poor mini Xand. | 0:07:40 | 0:07:43 | |
So, we've seen how when you drink and eat food, | 0:07:44 | 0:07:46 | |
your body combines it with oxygen to create energy | 0:07:46 | 0:07:49 | |
and that energy fuels the things you do every day. | 0:07:49 | 0:07:52 | |
But it's important to get the balance right | 0:07:52 | 0:07:55 | |
between what goes in and what you use. | 0:07:55 | 0:07:57 | |
Too little and you can become underweight. | 0:07:57 | 0:07:59 | |
Too much and you can become overweight. | 0:07:59 | 0:08:01 | |
But unlike mini Xand, no-one becomes too thin or too fat overnight. | 0:08:01 | 0:08:05 | |
It takes a long time to happen, so as long as you keep things | 0:08:05 | 0:08:08 | |
balanced most of the time, your body will be happy. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:11 | |
And of course, if you hadn't clamped mini Xand's legs, | 0:08:11 | 0:08:14 | |
he'd have been able to do some exercise and he'd have been fine. | 0:08:14 | 0:08:18 | |
-What are you doing? -I'm taking mini Xand for a run. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:21 | |
But first, I'm going to buy him some decent gym gear - | 0:08:21 | 0:08:24 | |
a jazzy sports top, some good shorts, some sweat bands, | 0:08:24 | 0:08:27 | |
a pair of decent trainers... | 0:08:27 | 0:08:29 | |
MUSIC: Jump by Kris Kross | 0:08:31 | 0:08:34 | |
Xand, I thought you were kidding. | 0:08:34 | 0:08:36 | |
We're on call with the UK emergency services | 0:08:41 | 0:08:43 | |
showing you what it's really like on the front line saving lives. | 0:08:43 | 0:08:47 | |
On call with me is paramedic Jan Vann. | 0:08:48 | 0:08:51 | |
Today, I'm heading out to show you what it's like to be | 0:08:51 | 0:08:54 | |
first on the scene of a medical emergency. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:56 | |
-Can I drive? -No. -Can I make the sirens work? -No. | 0:08:56 | 0:09:00 | |
-Can I turn the lights on? -No. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:02 | |
What can I do? | 0:09:02 | 0:09:03 | |
You can carry the bags. | 0:09:03 | 0:09:04 | |
Yes, official bag carrier. | 0:09:04 | 0:09:06 | |
Jan alone can do ten to 15 emergency call-outs in a day, | 0:09:10 | 0:09:14 | |
and a new case is just in. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:16 | |
We've been called to see a lady | 0:09:16 | 0:09:17 | |
with what's called post-partum bleeding. | 0:09:17 | 0:09:20 | |
She had a baby a week ago and now she's bleeding. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:22 | |
Now, that can be very dangerous and can actually be life-threatening. | 0:09:22 | 0:09:26 | |
'Jan and I rush to the scene and get inside as quickly as possible.' | 0:09:26 | 0:09:30 | |
Hello. | 0:09:30 | 0:09:32 | |
'We find the patient, Jade, in a lot of pain. | 0:09:32 | 0:09:35 | |
'Jan starts treating her while I go to the car | 0:09:35 | 0:09:37 | |
'to fetch some gas and air.' | 0:09:37 | 0:09:39 | |
Its medical name is Entonox, | 0:09:39 | 0:09:40 | |
a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:42 | |
Sometimes people use it | 0:09:42 | 0:09:44 | |
when they're giving birth, | 0:09:44 | 0:09:45 | |
but it's a really good way | 0:09:45 | 0:09:46 | |
of quickly getting someone | 0:09:46 | 0:09:48 | |
who's in severe pain a little bit more comfortable. | 0:09:48 | 0:09:51 | |
'I'm quickly back in and Jade is breathing in the soothing gas | 0:09:52 | 0:09:56 | |
'within seconds.' | 0:09:56 | 0:09:58 | |
Take as much as you need. Slow, big breaths in. | 0:09:58 | 0:10:01 | |
'At the moment, it's about bringing Jade's pain levels | 0:10:01 | 0:10:04 | |
'down to a tolerable level, | 0:10:04 | 0:10:06 | |
'so she's also given a strong painkiller directly into her vein.' | 0:10:06 | 0:10:09 | |
All right, we'll see if that helps, cos I want you comfortable | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
before we move you. | 0:10:12 | 0:10:13 | |
I'm not moving you off this sofa until you're pain-free, all right? | 0:10:13 | 0:10:17 | |
'Jan is monitoring closely exactly how much pain Jade is in.' | 0:10:17 | 0:10:21 | |
What pain score was you initially | 0:10:21 | 0:10:23 | |
-if you're a five now? -Ten. -You were ten, initially. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:25 | |
-I'd say it's about a three. I can control it. -That's brilliant. | 0:10:25 | 0:10:28 | |
When we arrived, she said her pain was ten out of ten. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:31 | |
Now it's more like three out of ten, | 0:10:31 | 0:10:33 | |
so it makes it much easier to get her to the ambulance, | 0:10:33 | 0:10:35 | |
get her to hospital, which is where she needs to be. | 0:10:35 | 0:10:38 | |
'Extra help is here.' | 0:10:39 | 0:10:40 | |
This lady is completely different to when I arrived. | 0:10:40 | 0:10:43 | |
Aren't you? This is Jade. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:44 | |
'And Jan's finally happy that Jade's pain is down to a level | 0:10:44 | 0:10:47 | |
'where she can be comfortably moved into the waiting ambulance.' | 0:10:47 | 0:10:51 | |
How are you feeling now, Jade? | 0:10:51 | 0:10:53 | |
It's still there, but I can cope with it. | 0:10:53 | 0:10:55 | |
-Thanks, Jan, you've been a diamond. -Not a problem. | 0:10:55 | 0:10:57 | |
-Thanks, guys. All the best then, Jade. -Thanks. | 0:10:57 | 0:11:00 | |
-You take care, darling. -Cheers. | 0:11:00 | 0:11:02 | |
In a really short space of time, | 0:11:02 | 0:11:03 | |
Jan managed to make a massive difference to the amount of pain | 0:11:03 | 0:11:07 | |
that Jade was in. | 0:11:07 | 0:11:08 | |
She was very anxious when we arrived | 0:11:08 | 0:11:10 | |
and Jan managed to calm her down, | 0:11:10 | 0:11:12 | |
a very difficult thing to do with someone in that much pain. | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
By the time she got in the ambulance, | 0:11:15 | 0:11:17 | |
she was looking much better. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:19 | |
Jade was treated at the hospital and went home the same day. | 0:11:19 | 0:11:22 | |
Still to come... | 0:11:25 | 0:11:26 | |
check out our latest mind-bending trick... | 0:11:26 | 0:11:28 | |
-Have we bent your mind? -Yeah. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:31 | |
..learn why some people can roll their tongues... | 0:11:31 | 0:11:34 | |
Show me. | 0:11:34 | 0:11:36 | |
And join Chris at work, fighting infectious diseases. | 0:11:36 | 0:11:39 | |
And I'm about to show you how we do it. | 0:11:39 | 0:11:41 | |
Let's head back to the emergency department to catch up | 0:11:44 | 0:11:46 | |
with Erin and her broken finger. | 0:11:46 | 0:11:48 | |
You can still eat them when they're broken. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:50 | |
Why would she come to hospital for that? | 0:11:50 | 0:11:53 | |
Not chocolate fingers, Xand. Erin's broken her actual finger. Remember? | 0:11:53 | 0:11:56 | |
Oh, yeah. Well, let's see her get fixed. | 0:11:56 | 0:12:00 | |
Back in Liverpool, five-year-old Erin is in hospital | 0:12:00 | 0:12:03 | |
with a broken finger. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
It feels a little bit painful. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
Erin was playing with her friends, Lily, Harry and George. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
The boys were trying to stop the girls | 0:12:11 | 0:12:13 | |
from getting past them on the stairs. | 0:12:13 | 0:12:15 | |
In the scuffle, Erin's little finger got pulled right back. | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
Erin's had her X-rays and now she's on laughing gas. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:24 | |
-SHE LAUGHS -And it looks like it's working. | 0:12:25 | 0:12:29 | |
So, Nurse Julia can get to grips with that finger. | 0:12:30 | 0:12:33 | |
With a couple of gentle tugs, the finger is pulled back into position. | 0:12:35 | 0:12:39 | |
Thanks to the gas and air, Erin can't feel a thing. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
Do you know what? Your finger is now back alongside the other one. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:45 | |
They're both together now. | 0:12:45 | 0:12:47 | |
They are, aren't they? | 0:12:47 | 0:12:50 | |
With that wonky finger now straight, | 0:12:50 | 0:12:52 | |
Erin has a second X-ray to check it's all A-OK. | 0:12:52 | 0:12:54 | |
Nurse Julia is back to deliver the results. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:59 | |
The orthopaedic doctor is quite happy with that. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:01 | |
That is good news. | 0:13:01 | 0:13:03 | |
With her finger fixed, Erin has to return to fracture clinic | 0:13:03 | 0:13:06 | |
in a couple of weeks with one final check. | 0:13:06 | 0:13:08 | |
-Nice one, Erin. BOTH: -Bye. | 0:13:08 | 0:13:11 | |
-Now we're going to mess with your mind... -It's weird. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:19 | |
..scramble your senses and baffle your brain... | 0:13:19 | 0:13:23 | |
-BOTH: -In Mindbenders. | 0:13:24 | 0:13:26 | |
What are you doing? | 0:13:29 | 0:13:30 | |
For today's mind-bending trick, Xand needs warm facial muscles. | 0:13:30 | 0:13:33 | |
You ready, Xand? It's quite a complicated vocal procedure. | 0:13:33 | 0:13:37 | |
The more complicated, the better for me. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:39 | |
-Now, can you say the word far? -Far. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:41 | |
Can you say the word bar? | 0:13:41 | 0:13:43 | |
-Bar. -I think you're ready. -Doesn't seem that complicated. | 0:13:43 | 0:13:46 | |
This lot are about to get their minds bent. | 0:13:49 | 0:13:51 | |
We're showing them a video of Xand repeating a word. | 0:13:51 | 0:13:55 | |
Bar, bar, bar, bar. | 0:13:55 | 0:13:59 | |
OK, what sound is Dr Xand making? | 0:13:59 | 0:14:01 | |
-Bar. -Sheep. -Bar, like a sheep, right? | 0:14:01 | 0:14:04 | |
Like a sheep, OK, yeah. All right, let's watch the next video. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:07 | |
Far, far, far, far, far. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
-Now what sound is Dr Xand making in that video? -ALL: -Far. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:14 | |
-Does anyone think he's still saying bar? -No. | 0:14:14 | 0:14:16 | |
No, he's definitely saying far. | 0:14:16 | 0:14:18 | |
'Are you ready to play at home?' | 0:14:18 | 0:14:20 | |
-OK, everyone look at the left. -Look at this one. | 0:14:20 | 0:14:23 | |
Whilst looking at the left-hand Xand, what word can you hear? | 0:14:23 | 0:14:26 | |
Far, far, far, far, far, far. | 0:14:26 | 0:14:32 | |
OK, now who's hearing far? | 0:14:32 | 0:14:34 | |
You're all hearing far. OK, now everyone look at the right. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:37 | |
-Bar, bar... -'Looking at the right-hand Xand, | 0:14:37 | 0:14:40 | |
'what word can you hear now?' | 0:14:40 | 0:14:41 | |
Bar, bar, bar, bar. | 0:14:41 | 0:14:44 | |
Now who thinks it's bar? | 0:14:44 | 0:14:46 | |
'What if we told you that only one word was being said?' | 0:14:48 | 0:14:51 | |
-Bar, bar... -'In reality Xand is only ever saying the word bar.' | 0:14:51 | 0:14:56 | |
Bar, bar, bar... | 0:14:56 | 0:14:58 | |
'The Xand on the left is miming the word far. | 0:14:58 | 0:15:01 | |
'So depending on which Xand you look at, you hear different words... | 0:15:01 | 0:15:05 | |
'..even though the only word he is saying is bar.' | 0:15:06 | 0:15:09 | |
-I don't get it. -Have we bent your mind? -Yeah. | 0:15:09 | 0:15:12 | |
'What do you think is going on?' | 0:15:12 | 0:15:14 | |
-Sammy. -Is it because that when your brain looks at one of them, | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
-it, like, maybe changes it. -Sammy's nailed it. -Yeah. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:20 | |
That's really good. You're lip-reading, basically. | 0:15:20 | 0:15:22 | |
So, even when you're hearing a sound, | 0:15:22 | 0:15:25 | |
you trust your eyes more than your ears. | 0:15:25 | 0:15:27 | |
What this trick demonstrates | 0:15:27 | 0:15:29 | |
is the dominance of vision over all your other senses. | 0:15:29 | 0:15:33 | |
-So, even though the sound you're hearing the whole time is... -Bar. | 0:15:33 | 0:15:37 | |
-..when your eyes see Xand's mouth make the shape... -Far. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:43 | |
..that's what you hear, but the sound hasn't changed at all. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:46 | |
And what's amazing about this is, it's a video of me | 0:15:46 | 0:15:49 | |
and I know what sound I was making and I'm still fooled. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
-Mind fent. -I think you mean bent. | 0:15:52 | 0:15:54 | |
That's what I said. | 0:15:54 | 0:15:56 | |
Wow! | 0:16:10 | 0:16:11 | |
We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries. | 0:16:18 | 0:16:22 | |
Xand is preparing the Ouch-mobile for his first patient. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:25 | |
And Chris is out in the park to answer your burning questions. | 0:16:25 | 0:16:30 | |
Wow, I'm impressed. | 0:16:30 | 0:16:31 | |
At the clinic, Xand is open for business. | 0:16:32 | 0:16:34 | |
Could I have the next patient, please? | 0:16:34 | 0:16:36 | |
First in is eight-year-old Eliot | 0:16:36 | 0:16:38 | |
who's had treatment for a curious condition. | 0:16:38 | 0:16:41 | |
Eliot, what's brought you to the Ouch-mobile today? | 0:16:41 | 0:16:44 | |
Well, I have yellow and rough hands | 0:16:44 | 0:16:47 | |
and I did have a pink tongue | 0:16:47 | 0:16:49 | |
and big red lips. | 0:16:49 | 0:16:52 | |
What's the diagnosis, Doc? | 0:16:52 | 0:16:54 | |
Sounds to me like a case of... | 0:16:54 | 0:16:55 | |
Dr Xand, it's called | 0:17:01 | 0:17:02 | |
Kawasaki disease. | 0:17:02 | 0:17:04 | |
It is called Kawasaki disease, | 0:17:04 | 0:17:06 | |
-isn't it? -Yeah. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:07 | |
-And it is a real "itis", isn't it? -Yeah. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:09 | |
So, Kawasaki disease is a very rare disease. | 0:17:09 | 0:17:12 | |
Only about eight in a 100,000 people get it. | 0:17:12 | 0:17:15 | |
Kawasaki is serious, but Eliot's recovering well after treatment. | 0:17:15 | 0:17:19 | |
So, if you look at the palm of Eliot's hand, | 0:17:19 | 0:17:21 | |
it looks like it's a bit grubby, | 0:17:21 | 0:17:23 | |
but that's not actually cos | 0:17:23 | 0:17:24 | |
-your hands are dirty. They're clean. -Yeah. | 0:17:24 | 0:17:27 | |
What Eliot's got is a thing called desquamation. | 0:17:27 | 0:17:30 | |
And that means the cells | 0:17:30 | 0:17:31 | |
on the surface of his skin are dying | 0:17:31 | 0:17:33 | |
more than in other people's hands, | 0:17:33 | 0:17:36 | |
and those cells have a chemical | 0:17:36 | 0:17:38 | |
called keratin. And the keratin, | 0:17:38 | 0:17:40 | |
as the cell dies, goes yellow. | 0:17:40 | 0:17:42 | |
How long does it last? | 0:17:42 | 0:17:44 | |
Normally, it lasts a few weeks, maybe a few months. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:48 | |
It's quite common for people to have symptoms | 0:17:48 | 0:17:51 | |
that go on longer than the illness. | 0:17:51 | 0:17:53 | |
But in the long term, we'd expect you to make a full recovery. | 0:17:53 | 0:17:56 | |
-Yeah. -Well, thank you very much | 0:17:56 | 0:17:58 | |
-for bringing Kawasaki disease to the Ouch-mobile. -Thank you. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:02 | |
Away from the clinic, Chris is Ouch & About in the park. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:08 | |
Why is it that some people can curl | 0:18:08 | 0:18:10 | |
their tongue and others can't? | 0:18:10 | 0:18:12 | |
-So, of you two, who can curl their tongue? -Both of us. | 0:18:12 | 0:18:14 | |
You both can, show me. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:16 | |
We're not exactly sure of how it works, | 0:18:16 | 0:18:19 | |
but it seems to be genetic. | 0:18:19 | 0:18:21 | |
So, you're born able to do it or not able to do it. | 0:18:21 | 0:18:24 | |
People who can't do it can never ever learn to do it. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:27 | |
If you look at your parents, one of them will be able to, | 0:18:27 | 0:18:30 | |
-that's where you... -Yeah, Dad can, but Mum can't. -Really? -Yeah. | 0:18:30 | 0:18:33 | |
-OK, so you both inherited it from your dad. -BOTH: -Thank you, Dr Chris. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:37 | |
It's a pleasure. | 0:18:37 | 0:18:38 | |
Can I have the next patient, please? | 0:18:38 | 0:18:40 | |
Back at the Ouch-mobile, | 0:18:40 | 0:18:42 | |
ten-year-old Izzy's chompers need checking. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:44 | |
So, Izzy, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile? | 0:18:44 | 0:18:47 | |
I've got an out-of-place tooth. | 0:18:47 | 0:18:49 | |
-What's the diagnosis, Doc? -Sounds to me like a case of... | 0:18:49 | 0:18:52 | |
Tooth-tastic. | 0:18:54 | 0:18:55 | |
How long have you had the tooth out of place for? | 0:18:55 | 0:18:58 | |
-About two years. -Can we have a better look at it? | 0:18:58 | 0:19:01 | |
Can you open the eyelid on the Ouch-cam? | 0:19:01 | 0:19:03 | |
Now, it's an adult tooth, right? | 0:19:04 | 0:19:06 | |
Uh-huh. | 0:19:06 | 0:19:08 | |
Now, does it bother you having the tooth be wonky? | 0:19:08 | 0:19:10 | |
-Not really. -Do you have any questions about the tooth? | 0:19:10 | 0:19:13 | |
Why is it wonky in the first place? | 0:19:13 | 0:19:15 | |
There are all kinds of reasons | 0:19:15 | 0:19:17 | |
why it might be wonky. | 0:19:17 | 0:19:18 | |
But one of the reasons is | 0:19:18 | 0:19:19 | |
that your mouth is too crowded. | 0:19:19 | 0:19:21 | |
And if your teeth get crowded, | 0:19:21 | 0:19:22 | |
then some of them get pushed out of the way | 0:19:22 | 0:19:25 | |
to make room for the others. | 0:19:25 | 0:19:26 | |
Will it go back naturally or with braces? | 0:19:26 | 0:19:28 | |
It might go back naturally. | 0:19:28 | 0:19:30 | |
We don't know with your mouth yet, | 0:19:30 | 0:19:31 | |
cos you've still got a lot of baby teeth | 0:19:31 | 0:19:33 | |
and only a small number of adult teeth. | 0:19:33 | 0:19:35 | |
I think it's most likely that you'd need braces | 0:19:35 | 0:19:38 | |
to get it back in exactly the correct position. | 0:19:38 | 0:19:40 | |
-Yeah. -Well, Izzy, thank you very much | 0:19:40 | 0:19:42 | |
-for bringing your amazing wonky teeth to the Ouch-mobile. -OK. | 0:19:42 | 0:19:47 | |
Job done for today, clinic closed. | 0:19:47 | 0:19:49 | |
-Chris, I'm ready! -Ready for what? -To come to work with you today. | 0:19:55 | 0:19:59 | |
Look, I've got everything I need. | 0:19:59 | 0:20:01 | |
I've got Mr Grumbles, obviously. He wanted to come too. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:04 | |
I've got a new pencil case in case we have to go to any meetings. | 0:20:04 | 0:20:07 | |
-I've got some snacks, cheese straws, Mr Grumbles' favourite. -Xand, Xand, | 0:20:07 | 0:20:11 | |
-You and Mr Grumbles are not coming to work with me today. -What? | 0:20:11 | 0:20:14 | |
What are we going to do, then? | 0:20:14 | 0:20:16 | |
-You're going to go to YOUR work. -What? I'm late! | 0:20:16 | 0:20:18 | |
Well, Mr Grumbles and Xand may not be coming with me to work today, | 0:20:20 | 0:20:24 | |
but you are. Time for Investigation Ouch. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:26 | |
I'm wearing a special suit, but can you guess what it's used for? | 0:20:29 | 0:20:32 | |
# Space man... # | 0:20:32 | 0:20:34 | |
Oh, I know! You're going into space. | 0:20:34 | 0:20:37 | |
No, try again, Xand. | 0:20:37 | 0:20:38 | |
MUSIC: The Chain by Fleetwood Mac | 0:20:38 | 0:20:40 | |
OK, I've got it, you're about to drive a Formula One car. | 0:20:40 | 0:20:43 | |
No, Xand, wrong again. | 0:20:43 | 0:20:45 | |
How is he doing that with the music? | 0:20:47 | 0:20:49 | |
Anyway, Xand is wrong. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:51 | |
This is... | 0:20:51 | 0:20:52 | |
It's used so that doctors | 0:20:54 | 0:20:55 | |
and nurses can treat patients with | 0:20:55 | 0:20:57 | |
serious infections without getting ill themselves. | 0:20:57 | 0:21:00 | |
I knew that, really. | 0:21:00 | 0:21:02 | |
Now, you might have seen suits like this on the news | 0:21:02 | 0:21:04 | |
because of the recent outbreak of a very serious virus | 0:21:04 | 0:21:07 | |
called Ebola in West Africa. | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
These things make the news because they're rare, | 0:21:10 | 0:21:12 | |
but they're also very serious. | 0:21:12 | 0:21:14 | |
So, what can we do to stop them in their tracks? | 0:21:16 | 0:21:19 | |
Well, it's something I'm closely involved in. | 0:21:19 | 0:21:21 | |
So, this is the lab that I work in when I'm not on Operation Ouch! | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
Oh! I've always wanted to see Chris' lab. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:29 | |
This is my boss, Greg. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:31 | |
Hi, Greg. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:33 | |
Hi, Chris. Who's that? | 0:21:33 | 0:21:35 | |
That is Operation Ouch! | 0:21:35 | 0:21:37 | |
Hi, Operation Ouch! | 0:21:37 | 0:21:39 | |
Hi, Greg. Come on, Chris, you've got work to do. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:42 | |
Now, I study a virus called HIV, | 0:21:42 | 0:21:44 | |
but scientists like me study all viruses | 0:21:44 | 0:21:46 | |
using really similar techniques to work out how | 0:21:46 | 0:21:49 | |
to treat and prevent diseases. And I'm about to show you how we do it. | 0:21:49 | 0:21:54 | |
An infectious disease like a virus is similar to a burglar | 0:21:55 | 0:21:59 | |
who's found exactly the right spanner | 0:21:59 | 0:22:01 | |
to break into your cells' security system and infect them. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:04 | |
Ha-ha, got you. | 0:22:04 | 0:22:06 | |
-Scientists like me... -Oi! | 0:22:06 | 0:22:08 | |
..want to find out which part of the virus spanner unlocks the cell. | 0:22:08 | 0:22:12 | |
Then we can stop the spanner working | 0:22:12 | 0:22:14 | |
and create medicine to make people better. | 0:22:14 | 0:22:16 | |
ALARM RINGS | 0:22:16 | 0:22:21 | |
To show you how we do it, | 0:22:21 | 0:22:22 | |
I've created my own infectious disease demonstration. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:26 | |
I'm going to start with a real virus, but there's something else. | 0:22:26 | 0:22:29 | |
Now, to understand how viruses work, | 0:22:29 | 0:22:31 | |
we need to make mutants. | 0:22:31 | 0:22:34 | |
To make a mutant, I take my original virus and change one thing | 0:22:34 | 0:22:38 | |
about it by changing the shape of the spanner. | 0:22:38 | 0:22:41 | |
Today, I'm making two different mutants - | 0:22:41 | 0:22:43 | |
mutant one and mutant two. | 0:22:43 | 0:22:45 | |
They are both the same as the original virus. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:47 | |
Except I've made a different change in each one | 0:22:47 | 0:22:51 | |
in their spanner to see if that change stops that spanner working. | 0:22:51 | 0:22:55 | |
I then add each of these samples to healthy human cells to see | 0:22:55 | 0:22:59 | |
which one is able to infect them. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:01 | |
OK, so now the moment of truth. | 0:23:01 | 0:23:03 | |
First, I'm going to show you what uninfected cells look like. | 0:23:03 | 0:23:06 | |
So, these are healthy cells | 0:23:06 | 0:23:08 | |
with no virus on them. | 0:23:08 | 0:23:09 | |
They're nice and stuck down to the plate, | 0:23:09 | 0:23:12 | |
and there are lots and lots of them. | 0:23:12 | 0:23:14 | |
Now cells that have been infected with the original virus. | 0:23:14 | 0:23:17 | |
Can you see? All the cells are clumped up | 0:23:17 | 0:23:19 | |
and they're floating around, there are fewer of them. | 0:23:19 | 0:23:22 | |
Then I turn on a special light and the cells glow green, | 0:23:22 | 0:23:25 | |
which tells me they've been infected by the virus. | 0:23:25 | 0:23:28 | |
We know this virus is working really well. | 0:23:28 | 0:23:30 | |
It has exactly the right spanner to get inside these cells | 0:23:30 | 0:23:33 | |
and infect them and make them sick. | 0:23:33 | 0:23:35 | |
Time to see what's happened with mutant one. | 0:23:35 | 0:23:38 | |
Can you see that? | 0:23:38 | 0:23:39 | |
The cells are floating around. | 0:23:39 | 0:23:41 | |
And just like the original virus, | 0:23:41 | 0:23:43 | |
they're all green. | 0:23:43 | 0:23:44 | |
So, this mutant, the first mutant, still has a working spanner. | 0:23:44 | 0:23:48 | |
It can get inside those cells and infect them and make them sick. | 0:23:48 | 0:23:51 | |
Now let's check mutant two. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:53 | |
They look really healthy and there are lots of them, | 0:23:53 | 0:23:56 | |
and when we put on the special light, | 0:23:56 | 0:23:58 | |
none of these cells are green. | 0:23:58 | 0:24:00 | |
So, the spanner of mutant number two virus is no longer working. | 0:24:00 | 0:24:05 | |
It's not able to get inside the cells, infect them, | 0:24:05 | 0:24:07 | |
turn them green and make them go sick. | 0:24:07 | 0:24:10 | |
So that's great. We've now discovered which bit of the spanner | 0:24:10 | 0:24:14 | |
is the important bit for getting inside cells. | 0:24:14 | 0:24:17 | |
Curing a disease doesn't just happen in a day. | 0:24:17 | 0:24:20 | |
I've given you a demonstration of how we go about it. | 0:24:21 | 0:24:24 | |
But sometimes it takes a long time to find a right mutation, | 0:24:24 | 0:24:27 | |
and there are lots of diseases that we still don't understand how | 0:24:27 | 0:24:31 | |
they infect human cells. | 0:24:31 | 0:24:32 | |
We don't understand how their spanners work, if you like. | 0:24:32 | 0:24:35 | |
But research like this has led to some major breakthroughs | 0:24:35 | 0:24:38 | |
that saved a lot of lives. | 0:24:38 | 0:24:41 | |
So now you know what fantastic work Chris does | 0:24:41 | 0:24:43 | |
when he's not on Operation Ouch! Good work, bro. | 0:24:43 | 0:24:46 | |
-Let's head back to Accident and Emergency... -Go on. | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
-..for another curious case. -Go on. | 0:24:53 | 0:24:56 | |
Well, in Accident and Emergency, | 0:24:59 | 0:25:01 | |
-seven-year-old Jago is in with his mum. -Go on. | 0:25:01 | 0:25:04 | |
I cut my head. | 0:25:04 | 0:25:05 | |
Right, how did that happen? | 0:25:05 | 0:25:07 | |
I had my feet on my chair and I fell back. | 0:25:07 | 0:25:10 | |
Go on. | 0:25:10 | 0:25:11 | |
I leaned back and because it took a long time to fall I tried to | 0:25:11 | 0:25:16 | |
lean forwards, but it was heavier than me, so it tilts backwards. | 0:25:16 | 0:25:21 | |
OK, well, lets find out more. | 0:25:21 | 0:25:23 | |
Jago and his pal Zander were waiting patiently to play a game of | 0:25:26 | 0:25:29 | |
squash, but they soon got bored and started climbing on their seats. | 0:25:29 | 0:25:34 | |
Oh, I bet they were pretending to be mountain goats, Chris. | 0:25:34 | 0:25:37 | |
Hm, dangerous. | 0:25:37 | 0:25:40 | |
Or clowning around in the circus. | 0:25:40 | 0:25:42 | |
Even more dangerous. | 0:25:42 | 0:25:44 | |
Or maybe they were on a space walk. | 0:25:44 | 0:25:46 | |
No, Xand. Jago's seat tipped backwards | 0:25:48 | 0:25:50 | |
-and he bashed his head on the wall. -Ouch! | 0:25:50 | 0:25:53 | |
And then I started screaming. Ahh! | 0:25:53 | 0:25:56 | |
Quite dramatic. | 0:25:56 | 0:25:58 | |
Examining Jago's bashed bonce is | 0:25:58 | 0:26:00 | |
Dr Helen Stewart. | 0:26:00 | 0:26:02 | |
First, Dr Stewart does some tests to make sure that Jago's brain | 0:26:04 | 0:26:07 | |
is functioning correctly. | 0:26:07 | 0:26:09 | |
Good reflexes, Jago. | 0:26:09 | 0:26:11 | |
Brain's good, but what about that noggin? | 0:26:11 | 0:26:14 | |
-Ow! -Sorry that's your hair. I'm just... -That's my hair. | 0:26:14 | 0:26:17 | |
After some of Jago's hair is removed, | 0:26:17 | 0:26:19 | |
the doc can finally see the wound. | 0:26:19 | 0:26:22 | |
That's actually...quite big. | 0:26:22 | 0:26:25 | |
He's got a cut that's about 1.5cm in length, | 0:26:25 | 0:26:29 | |
but the edges are quite straight and come together quite nicely. | 0:26:29 | 0:26:32 | |
So, it's quite deep, so I thought it might need a stitch, | 0:26:32 | 0:26:35 | |
but actually, we'll probably be able to glue the wound shut. | 0:26:35 | 0:26:39 | |
There's a red bloody bit there. | 0:26:39 | 0:26:41 | |
-Nice hair, Jago. -It's like werewolf hair. | 0:26:41 | 0:26:43 | |
-CHRIS AND XAND: -Werewolf hair? -THEY HOWL | 0:26:43 | 0:26:47 | |
Stop it. | 0:26:47 | 0:26:49 | |
Fixing Jago's head is | 0:26:49 | 0:26:51 | |
Sister Anna Cowlishaw. | 0:26:51 | 0:26:53 | |
A quick clean and then we'll stick it back together with glue. | 0:26:53 | 0:26:56 | |
Quick snap for the family album. | 0:26:56 | 0:26:58 | |
Look away if you're squeamish. | 0:26:58 | 0:27:00 | |
The edges of Jago's wound are held together and a few spots of | 0:27:00 | 0:27:04 | |
special skin glue are applied. | 0:27:04 | 0:27:06 | |
-Has it closed? -You're done. | 0:27:06 | 0:27:08 | |
Let's have a look. Great job, Sister Anna. | 0:27:08 | 0:27:12 | |
Jago can go home now and his head will be better in about five days. | 0:27:12 | 0:27:15 | |
And what has Jago learned? | 0:27:15 | 0:27:17 | |
Not to climb on the back of a chair. | 0:27:17 | 0:27:20 | |
Sounds like a really good lesson, yeah. | 0:27:20 | 0:27:22 | |
-You said it, Mum. -BOTH: Bye. | 0:27:22 | 0:27:24 | |
Bye. | 0:27:24 | 0:27:26 | |
Next time on Operation Ouch! | 0:27:29 | 0:27:31 | |
Find out what you got up to inside your mum... | 0:27:31 | 0:27:34 | |
This little boy is breathing entirely through his belly button. | 0:27:34 | 0:27:39 | |
It's sweet grabbing time in Mindbenders... | 0:27:39 | 0:27:41 | |
Oh, what did you do? | 0:27:41 | 0:27:43 | |
And learn how your body gets fixed after a burn. | 0:27:43 | 0:27:46 | |
My little finger, it was actually welded onto this bit here. | 0:27:46 | 0:27:50 | |
We'll see you next time for more... | 0:27:51 | 0:27:53 | |
Operation Ouch! | 0:27:53 | 0:27:54 | |
Did you go anywhere nice on your holidays? | 0:27:56 | 0:27:59 | |
-Uh-huh. -What have you been up to today, then? | 0:27:59 | 0:28:01 | |
-MUMBLES: -Going on the rides. | 0:28:01 | 0:28:04 | |
Just speak a bit more clearly, I can't understand a word | 0:28:04 | 0:28:07 | |
-you're saying, Izzy. -On the rollercoasters. | 0:28:07 | 0:28:09 |