DVDs Nina and the Neurons

# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show

# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans

# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes.

-Eyes!

-Ears.

-Ears!

-Nose.

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much

# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste

# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes.

-Eyes!

-Ears.

-Ears!

-Nose.

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Oh yeah! #

-Ha-ha-ha!

-SOUND FROM TV STOPS

Oh, hello! I'm having a great day!

I've finished watching my favourite DVD and been munching some popcorn.

I've watching this film five times and it still makes me laugh!

-BEEPING

-I hear a beep, I see a flash.

-I wonder what they're going to ask?

-BEEPING

-BOTH: Hi, Nina.

-Hi, guys.

-We've got a question for you.

How does a DVD work?

That's a great question! How does a DVD work?

I love watching DVDs. Come down and we'll investigate.

-See you soon, Nina. Bye.

-Bye!

I'll need help to answer this and I know just who to ask.

OK, Neurons, time to get to work.

ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.

OK. Today's question is, how does a DVD work?

Which Neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?

ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!

Will it be fabulous Felix?

I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.

Will it be beautiful Belle?

I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.

Will it be lovely Luke?

For looking and seeing, day or night,

I'll help you with your sense of sight.

Will it be awesome Ollie?

If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,

-my messages help your sense of smell.

-Or will it be baby Bud?

Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!

-It's all Neurons!

-CHEERING

ALL: Go, Neurons! Go, Neurons! Go, Neurons! Go, Neurons!

ALL: All Neurons hip-hop-happy to help, Nina!

Today's question is, how does a DVD work?

When we watch a DVD, we use all our senses.

Sight and hearing to see and listen,

touch and feelings to laugh or cry,

and there's often a yummy snack to smell and taste.

Neurons, I think I'll need help from all of you today.

I must get ready before the engineers arrive.

Abigail loves the colour pink.

Eva loves playing hide and seek.

Sometimes films are very long.

My favourite film's on DVD.

Today, for one day only, Abigail and Eva become the engineers.

-Hi, Abigail. Hi, Eva.

-BOTH: Hi, Nina.

Welcome, and thanks for your great question. How does a DVD work?

To find out, let's start by using our senses.

ALL: Whoop! Woo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina.

First, let's have a look and feel of some DVDs.

-How would you describe them?

-It's a round circle.

They look simple, but remember a DVD can hold a whole film.

Let's explore what a film is.

Look at this. This is what we call a flick book.

It's got a picture on each page. It's really cool, watch this.

Look! The pictures are moving!

-That's right, Luke! Did you guys see the pictures moving too?

-Yes, Nina.

Have a look at these books.

Each picture is slightly different from the one before and after it,

but when we flick them all together really quickly...

Oooh! It looks like the pictures are moving. Films work in the same way.

Pictures are shown very quickly on a screen and look like they're moving.

What about the sounds on films, Nina?

Good question, Belle. Sound is played at the same time

to match the pictures as they flick past.

Let's try another experiment.

Your question was, how does a DVD work?

We've found out that films are made of thousands of pictures

played one after the other.

But for DVD players to play films,

the pictures need to be broken up into even smaller pieces.

The pictures on a television screen are made up of tiny little squares.

Look at this. This looks like a normal picture.

But if I zoom in...

Can you see that it's made of lots of tiny squares?

-I can see the tiny squares.

-Me too.

-Excellent.

I've got another picture that's made of squares over here.

-What do you think it is?

-A flower, Nina.

-You're right!

It's a flower and it's just like one picture from our film.

Oh! But we can't put it onto a DVD yet,

because we need to turn the squares in the picture into a line,

so the DVD player can look at them quickly.

How do you turn a picture into a line, Nina?

A-ha, Bud, keep watching! Watch this!

Keeping the squares in the same order.

Nearly there!

Last row!

Put it on the end, over here.

So, what you can see now?

-A line of squares, Nina.

-Yes, we can see a row of coloured squares.

But when a DVD player reads a long line like this,

it turns it back into pictures so we can see the film.

But how does the long line fit onto a DVD?

To answer it, we're going to get a bit speedy!

Off we go for another adventure.

Nina said, we're getting a bit speedy. What can that be?

Maybe it's a roller coaster! Neeoow! Ha-ha!

I hope not! Roller coasters make me all messy.

Panic over, Felix. I don't see a roller coaster.

But I do see lots of circles.

So how does a DVD work?

We've discovered that the pictures on a television

are made up of tiny squares.

To play a film, a DVD needs thousands of pictures

and sound on it. These pictures have to be turned into a long line

so the DVD can read them fast and we can watch the film.

But how does a long line fit on a DVD? Let's investigate.

-Now, what shape is a DVD?

-Circle.

A circle, yes, a round shape. So to fit a line onto a DVD,

it needs to go around in a spiral shape,

just like this.

Ooh...

Oh! OH! I love...spirals...

We're going to pretend that this spiral track

is like a really big DVD.

Guys, can you see the coloured flags all around?

I want you to imagine that each flag

is a piece of picture on the spiral line, ready for us to read.

As we know, television pictures are made up of squares.

So we'll pretend this grid is our television screen.

Eva, you are going to be the DVD player.

Run around the track and each time you find a coloured flag,

which is a piece of picture, I want you to shout out the colour.

And, Abigail, you're the television screen.

It's your job to take the information from Eva the DVD player,

and show it as a picture on your screen.

OK, let's play the DVD!

Three, two, one, go!

-Blue!

-Blue, get a blue!

-Quickly, over here, darling. Up here.

-Yellow!

Find a yellow! Go, go, go!

-Blue again!

-Blue!

-Well done, Abigail.

-Blue again!

-Grab the blue!

-Blue again!

-Excellent work.

-Yellow!

-Yellow! Well done, Eva, you're doing brilliantly!

-Yellow!

Yellow!

-Blue!

-Blue.

Blue again!

-Blue!

-Oh, blue! Oohhh!

-Yellow!

-Oh, yellow!

Blue!

Yellow!

Yellow!

-Yellow!

-Well done!

-Oh, another yellow!

-Blue!

-Blue!

-Green.

-A green?

-Yellow!

-A yellow.

Green!

-Blue!

-Thank you.

Yellow! Blue!

-Green!

-A green?

Oh, well done, Eva! Come back over!

Yay! The TV has shown a picture from the DVD!

Well done, DVD player! Well done, television screen!

-Look what you've made together. It's a picture of a...

-Dog!

-Yes, it is!

What a great experiment!

Eva, our DVD player, read the picture messages

and told them to Abigail, our television screen,

and the screen showed the squares of colour in order and made a picture.

A real DVD has lots of pictures on it in an even longer line.

Once a DVD player has read a picture,

it moves straight on to the next one really quickly.

It can read 24 pictures every second!

That's how we can watch films! Great work, engineers!

You asked, how does a DVD work? I think we've answered it.

We discovered that to watch a film,

you need thousands of pictures and sound playing really fast

and we also discovered that pictures on television screens

are made up of tiny squares. DVDs contain lots of square pictures

that have been broken up into a long, spirally line.

The DVD player reads the squares

and makes them back into a picture on our TV screens.

Thanks to very clever engineering, we can watch our favourite films.

-I hope that answered your question.

-Thanks, Nina.

-You're welcome.

We've had a brilliant time learning all about how a DVD works!

To know more about the science and engineering around us,

visit the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!

-# Pulling!

-Pushing!

-Twisting!

-Mixing!

-# Drilling!

-Squeezing!

-Floating!

-# Go engineering!

-Go engineering!

# When you need to fly it make it, shape it

-# Go engineering!

-Go engineering!

-# When you want to build Go engineering!

-Engineering!

# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it

-# It's time to go engineering!

-Engineering!

# When you want to lift it stick it, pop it, bend it

-# It's time to go engineering!

-Engineering!

-# Go engineering!

-Go engineering!

-# When you need to fly it make it, shape it!

-Engineering!

-# Go engineering!

-Go engineering!

# When you want to build go engineering

# Go engineering! #

Ah, it's been such a great day, man,

The flick book was amazing.

I've really enjoyed myself today.

Just a shame I couldn't smell Nina's flowers.

I've had a fabby day!

Especially when they made the big spiral!

Engineers help to build the world around us.

They make things work and use science to solve problems.

-See you soon, bye!

-ALL: Bye!

Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd