Hot and Cold Nina and the Neurons

# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show

# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans

# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes

-Eyes!

-# Ears

-Ears!

-# Nose

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents And Belle, she hears so much

# Bud is Ollie's brother he helps us with our taste

# They're Nina's little neurons And they're coming to your place!

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes

-Eyes!

-# Ears

-Ears!

-# Nose

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Oh, yeah! #

Hello, I'm just making a cup of tea in my favourite mug,

and now all I need to do is add the milk.

There we go. Perfect!

BEEP, BEEP!

I hear a beep, I see a flash,

I wonder what they're going to ask.

BOTH: Hi, Nina!

Hello there!

I've got a question for you. How does a flask work?

That's a great question! How does a flask work?

A flask is a brilliant invention because it means

we can take a hot or a cold drink with us wherever we go.

Come down to my workshop and we'll check it out!

BOTH: See you soon, Nina! Bye!

See you soon!

Well, I'm going to need some help answering this one,

and I know just who to ask.

OK, Neurons, time to get to work!

ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!

OK. Today's question is, how does a flask work?

Which neuron do you think will be most useful in finding the answer?

ALL: Me! Me, me! Me!

Will it be fabulous Felix?

I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.

Will it be beautiful Belle?

I send messages to brain from ear,

if there's a sound, I'll help you hear.

Will it be lovely Luke?

For looking and seeing, day or night,

I'll help you with your sense of sight.

Will it be awesome Ollie?

If it's pongy or whiffy, but you can't tell

my messages help your sense of smell.

Or will it be baby Bud?

Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,

I'm your taste-buddy whenever you eat.

BEEPING

It's Felix!

ALL: Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Go, Felix!

Marvellous. A little touch can mean so much, Nina.

Today's question is, how does a flask work?

And because a flask keeps drinks hot or cold,

and we feel how hot or cold something is,

Felix will be helping us today.

But - stand by, Neurons - I may need help from all of you.

Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the Inventors arrive!

Sophie and Megan want to find out all about flasks.

Small flasks, tall flasks, keep-your-drink-hot-or-cold flasks,

so today, for one day only, Sophie and Megan become...the Inventors!

-Hi, guys!

-BOTH: Hi, Nina.

Welcome to my workshop, in you come.

It's lovely to see you both.

So your question was, how does a flask work?

Why do you want to know about flasks?

When we go camping,

-we take hot drinks in our flasks like this hot chocolate.

-Ooh!

And when we go to the beach we take cold drinks, like this juice.

We want to know how hot things keep hot...

..and cold things cold.

Well, I think the first thing we should do

is have a look at your flasks.

So, Megan, you said you put hot chocolate in there this morning.

Let's see if it's still hot.

Watch your fingers, Nina!

You can feel the warmth coming right through the cup.

You're right, Felix, it certainly feels warm.

Mmm, and it tastes warm too!

Now can I try some of your cold drink?

-Yes.

-Oh, thank you very much.

Oh, lovely!

Mmm, yummy orange!

Mmm! Oh, that's really cold!

So we know that flasks definitely keep hot things hot

and cold things cold.

But how do they do it? Let's get inside and have a closer look.

Taking things apart is my job.

It can be dangerous, so don't do this yourself.

That's right. Nina's been specially trained to do this.

You could get hurt when you take things apart,

so it's best to leave it to the experts.

Here we have the inside of a flask.

As you can see, a flask has a cap, an outer case,

and an inner container.

Some flasks have a glass or plastic inner container,

but this one has a metal one.

This space in between here...

That's the most interesting part of a flask.

You see, in between these two sides is nothing at all!

-Nothing?!

-But it's a special sort of nothing.

You see, if you were to look at this glass jar over here,

it looks empty. But in fact there's actually something in it.

Can you guess what it is?

-Air.

-That's right, air!

So air is inside most things that look empty,

but, in between these two sides is nothing at all,

not even air, and we call this a vacuum.

So why is there a vacuum in a flask?

Well, it's all to do with heat.

Here is a cup of tea that I made earlier on,

so would you like to feel the end of the teaspoon?

It feels warm.

That's because heat travels along things.

So if we put a teaspoon in a cup of tea,

the heat goes up the teaspoon, and you can feel it at the end.

So heat travels along anything,

but, in a vacuum, there's nothing at all,

so it's really difficult for the heat to travel through it.

If you have something hot in a vacuum flask the heat can't get out,

and if you have something cold in a vacuum flask,

heat can't get in to make it warm.

And I know something else that works like a vacuum flask,

only it's much bigger.

-Shall we go and see another invention in action?

-Yes!

-Let's go!

Oh, goody! I love this bit.

The big inventions always amaze me.

I wonder where we're going...

It works like a flask, only it's much bigger. That's what Nina said.

I think we've arrived!

So here we are, everyone. We've come to the snow slope!

There's so much snow in here!

How come the snow doesn't melt?

That's a very good question.

I think it might have something to do with the walls and the windows.

Let's go and have a closer look.

They just look like normal windows and walls.

Yeah, they do look just like normal windows and walls,

but they're not!

These windows have a vacuum inside them,

just like our vacuum flask,

and these walls are specially designed to keep the heat out.

Whoa! We're inside a giant flask! We're like chocolate chip ice cream!

Bud's right, it is like a giant flask in here,

and that keeps the snow nice and cold.

So seeing as we're surrounded by so much lovely snow,

-shall we go and have some fun?

-Yeah!

-Let's go!

Whoa-oh-ohh!

Aaah! Ha-ha-ha!

That was brilliant fun!

And we know that the snow is lovely and cold

and it stays that way because the walls and windows in here

act like a giant flask.

I think we should get inventing. Let's go!

Well, flasks are a really clever idea.

But who actually invented the flask?

Ooh, ooh! I know that!

It was actually a scientist called James Dewar.

He loved nothing better than experimenting with cold liquids.

But he had one problem - the liquids didn't stay cold for very long.

He needed to create something that kept his experiments cold.

So he invented...

the first ever flask.

So your question was, how does a flask work?

So far we've found out that a flask has an outer case,

and an inner container.

The space between them is a vacuum, and because of the vacuum

the heat can't travel into or out of the flask.

Now, you can't make your own vacuum at home,

but if we use things that heat travels through more slowly,

we can make a flask that will keep things warm or cold

for much longer than it would in an ordinary bottle.

First thing we're going to do is grab a piece of tin foil,

and we're going to wrap the tin foil around the juice bottle.

Because the tin foil is shiny, it will help to keep the heat in.

Let's just pop it to the side for now.

Take your small bottle,

and we're going to cover it with tin foil as well.

So we have another bit here...

and same again.

That's it.

Because we don't have a vacuum,

we need something that heat travels through a bit more slowly,

and we're going to use some bubble wrap.

So take this piece of bubble wrap, keep it folded in half like that,

and fold it again.

We need it to be small enough so it will fit

in the bottom of our big bottle. Squash it in...

So the bubble wrap's going to sit in the bottom.

And the last thing we need to do is to take this piece of bubble wrap,

lay it out, wrap our small bottle with it.

Excellent.

Now pop the small bottle inside the big bottle.

And there - you have made your very own flask.

BOTH: Thanks, Nina!

So your question was, how does a flask work?

And I think we've answered it.

First of all, when we looked inside a flask,

there was a space between the outer case and the inner container.

This space is called a vacuum, which means there's nothing in there,

not even air.

Heat needs something to move in and out of,

so if there's nothing there, it can't go anywhere!

So if you put something hot in a vacuum flask,

it stays hot because the heat can't get out,

and if you put something cold in a vacuum flask

it'll stay cold because heat can't get in and warm it up.

But after a long time, the liquid in a vacuum flask will get

either hot or cold, because heat can get in or out through the cap.

And that is how a flask works!

Thank you very much for your brilliant question today.

ALL: Thanks, Nina! Bye!

Bye!

If you want to make today's invention,

go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.

That'll give you all the instructions you need.

Or you may have other ideas of what you want to invent!

-Bikes!

-Planes!

-Binoculars!

-Televisions!

-Speakers!

-And cars!

# We all love inventing

# Whoah-oh-ohh, go inventing!

# We all love inventing

# Why don't you try it too?

# Inventions make life easier

-# And help us get things done

-Go inventing!

# I always like to take a look

-# At how they work and run

-Go inventing!

# We all love inventing

# Whoah-oh-ohh, go inventing!

# We all love inventing

# Why don't you try it too? #

It's been a marvellous day.

Feeling hot one minute, and cold the next...

Ah, it's been such a great day, man!

Seeing inside the flask was fantastic!

We couldn't see the vacuum, though,

because there's nothing in a vacuum to see!

I've had a fabby day!

Sledging down the snow slope was the best!

I've had a brilliant day.

I liked it when everyone made their own flasks,

all those crinkling and sticking sounds!

Our day's been bursting with inventions.

I hope you've enjoyed it. See you again soon, bye!

ALL: Bye!