Buckle Up Nina and the Neurons

# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

# Ask Nina for some help cos she's got a science show

# She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans

# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes

-Eyes!

-Ears

-Ears!

-Nose

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

# Ollie sniffs out smells and Belle, she hears so much

# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste

# They're Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place!

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes

-Eyes!

-Ears

-Ears!

-Nose

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Oh, yeah! #

There! 33 centimetres. Perfect!

Oh, hello!

I'm measuring my cupboard door, because I need a new one.

This measuring tape is very handy.

Now I know exactly what size I need.

ALARM BEEPS

Oh! I hear a beep, I see a flash - I wonder what they're going to ask.

BOTH: Hi, Nina!

Hi, there!

We've got a question for you. How does a seat belt in a car work?

That's a great question. How does a seat belt in a car work?

Well, a seat belt helps keep us safe when we're in a car.

-Why not come to the workshop and check it out?

-See you soon - bye!

Bye!

Well, I'll need some help to answer this one and I know just who to ask.

OK, Neurons, time to get to work.

ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina!

OK. Today's question is, how does a seat belt in a car work?

Which neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?

-ALL: Me! Me, me, me!

-Me!

Will it be fabulous Felix?

I can help so very much, if you need the sense of touch.

Will it be beautiful Belle?

I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.

-Will it be lovely Luke?

-For looking and seeing, day or night,

I'll help you with your sense of sight.

Will it be awesome Ollie?

If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell, I'll help your sense of smell.

Or will it be baby Bud?

Sour, salty, bitter or sweet -

I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.

-It's Felix!

-Oh!

NEURONS: Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

-Go, Felix!

-Marvellous!

A little touch can mean so much, Nina.

Today's question is, how does a seat belt in a car work?

Because a seat belt is something we feel against us when it's on,

Felix will help us. But standby, Neurons, I may need all of you!

Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the Inventors arrive.

Jed and Ryan want to find out all about seat belts -

long seat belts, strong seat belts, keep-you-nice-and-safe seat belts.

So today, for one day only, Jed and Ryan become the Inventors!

-Hi, guys.

-BOTH: Hi, Nina.

Thanks for coming along today and for your great question -

how does a seat belt work? Why do you want to know that?

Any time we go in a car, we have to put our seat belts on

and we wanted to know how they work.

Well, you should always wear a seat belt in a car.

I happen to have my car here, so put your belts on.

Well, would you look at that?! The seat belt got really long.

And listen how it clicks into place, Belle.

Click-clunk!

So, you pulled the seat belt out and locked it into place down here.

-So how does it feel?

-It feels fine.

Look what happens when I pull this seat belt forward really quickly.

-The seat belt stops.

-That's right.

That's because, if a car brakes suddenly, your body goes forward,

pulls on the seat belt,

and the seat belt holds you tightly so you don't hurt yourself.

Yes, Nina, and that's why we should all wear seat belts in a car.

They help to keep us safe.

So we know WHAT a seat belt does, but we don't know HOW.

Let's go to the workshop and look!

Over here, we have a seat belt, just like the one in my car,

but this has been taken apart.

Taking things apart is my job. It can be dangerous, so don't do it.

That's right. Nina's been specially trained to do this.

You could get hurt when you take things apart, so leave it to experts.

Now, here, this bit is the black seat belt.

If I pull it, it comes out,

and if I let it go, it goes back in, just like the one in my car.

And if I pull it out quickly...

-It stops!

-Yes. Have a look here.

Now, you see this bit? This is a clutch.

A clutch stops the seat belt if a car brakes suddenly.

-But how does it roll back up?

-Ah, well, that's a bit different.

Let me turn this round. There's a bit in here called a spindle.

The seat belt is wrapped around it.

If we look inside the spindle, using my Ninacam,

this is a coil.

The coil uses something called torsion to wind the belt back in.

Torsion - what a lovely word. Torsion.

Ooh!

Now, I know something else that uses torsion.

It's like a seat belt but even more exciting.

-Shall we see another invention in action?

-Yeah!

-Let's go!

Hmm. Where do you think we're going today?

Well, Nina said that torsion helps wind the seat belt back in.

So what else uses torsion?

-I haven't got a clue what that could be!

-I think we'll soon find out.

Looks like we've arrived.

So here we are, guys. We've come to a climbing wall.

The safety rope the climber uses works just like a seat belt.

If you look closely, the climber is attached to the safety rope,

which is connected to the wall. As he climbs higher,

it gets shorter - like a seat belt when it rolls up.

If a climber falls, the safety rope comes out really slowly,

so the climber can come safely down to the bottom.

Oh! Just like that!

Now, guys, now you know more about safety ropes,

-I think you should get some equipment on and have a go!

-Yeah!

That's right, boys. Fingers there, foot there, and up you go!

That's great, Jed, you're doing a really good job.

Well done, Ryan. My goodness, take your time!

Well done, guys. That was great!

-So did you enjoy that?

-It was great fun!

And because we had our safety rope on, we knew if we fell we'd be safe.

Right, like we a seat belt keeps us safe by stopping if we move quickly.

But we still don't know how a seat belt winds back in.

I think we need to go back and get inventing! Out of those harnesses!

The seat belt we use today is a fantastic invention.

-I wonder who actually invented it?

-I know that! About 50 years ago,

an inventor called Nils Bohlin worked for a company that made cars.

He wanted to come up with a way of making the seat belt

better and more comfortable.

He thought and thought and...

created the first seat belt that went across your lap and your body

and was easy to use.

It's been helping keep people safe in cars ever since!

So, we know that a seat belt uses a clutch

to help it stop when the car brakes suddenly, and we know it has a coil,

which winds up the leftover seat belt, and a coil uses torsion.

What is torsion and how does it work?

Well, let's get inventing and make our own seat belt to find out.

The first thing to do is make a coil for our seat belt. I have card here.

Next, we're going to attach one of these little sticks

to the end of our piece of card.

Use sticky tape. Stick this on really well.

Next, we need to wrap the coil around the stick all the way round.

And we're going to put it inside our spindle.

What we've made here is a coil like the one we saw in a real seat belt.

Do you remember what that coil did?

Is it the bit that pulls the seat belt back in?

That's right. Now look here. At the moment, the coil isn't moving.

This is the shape that it stays best in, but watch this...

The coil's getting smaller.

That's right. It's getting tighter and closer together.

It's a different shape to before, but watch if I let it go.

Look now!

It went back to the way it was.

It turned the tube back round again.

That's right and this is actually a torsion spring.

That's really useful because it goes back to the shape it started in.

It's the pulling it does to get back to its original shape

that's called torsion.

We're going to use torsion to make our very own seat belt roll back in.

Let's get on with it! Put another stick on one end of the seat belt.

And now I'll take the other end

and stick it to our spindle.

Next, we need to wrap the seat belt around the spindle.

Lovely. Now we're going to put the spindle inside the seat belt holder.

There we go! Excellent!

So the spindle is in place, and I can now close the lid.

Well done, Inventors! We have made the seat belt!

So let's try it out.

Good job, Inventors!

So your question was, how does a seat belt in a car work?

I think we've answered it.

We looked inside a seat belt and discovered it has a clutch,

and the clutch stops the seat belt

from unwinding when the car brakes suddenly, and we also found a coil.

The coil is a torsion spring,

and a torsion spring stays a certain shape until we twist it.

When we twist it one way

and let go, it twists back again to the shape it was in before.

The torsion spring in a seat belt pulls it against our body,

which helps keep us safe and secure in a car.

And that's how a seat belt works. Thanks for coming to see me today.

-Thanks, Nina, bye.

-Bye!

If you want to make the invention,

go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website.

That'll give you the instructions.

Or you may have other ideas of what you want to invent.

-Bikes!

-Cranes!

-Speakers!

-And cars!

# We all love inventing

# Whoa-oh-oh-oh-oh Go inventing!

# We all love inventing

# Why don't you try it too?

# Inventions make life easier

# And help us get things done

# Go inventing!

# I always like to take a look

# At how they work and run

# Go inventing!

# We all love inventing

# Whoa-oh-oh-oh-oh Go inventing!

# We all love inventing

# Why don't you try it too? #

It's been a marvellous day.

I liked seeing seat belts stop when pulled quickly.

This means they keep you nice and safe.

Seat belts really are a wonderful safety invention.

I've had a fabby day!

Especially when everyone went up and up and up!

Oh, I've had a brilliant day!

That is SUCH a clever invention!

Our day's been bursting with inventions. See you again soon! Bye!

Bye!