Pennod 2 Rhyfel Mawr Trwy Lygaid Ifanc
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-The First World War started -a hundred years ago, in 1914. | 0:00:03 | 0:00:08 | |
-The war changed the lives of men, -women and children forever. | 0:00:09 | 0:00:14 | |
-Children and young people -from all over Europe... | 0:00:15 | 0:00:19 | |
-..described their experiences -in diaries or letters. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:23 | |
-These are the stories -of the Great War through their eyes. | 0:00:23 | 0:00:28 | |
-One of them was -a thirteen year old girl... | 0:00:28 | 0:00:31 | |
-..from a village in Belgium near -the Dutch border, Justine Verbeek. | 0:00:31 | 0:00:37 | |
-"You must not steal," -my mother always says. | 0:00:39 | 0:00:43 | |
-"Even though you're really hungry... | 0:00:43 | 0:00:46 | |
-"..you don't touch -other people's things!" | 0:00:46 | 0:00:49 | |
-But this is different. | 0:00:49 | 0:00:51 | |
-If we don't take them, -they will rot. | 0:00:51 | 0:00:55 | |
-So basically, this is not stealing, -but "tidying up". | 0:00:55 | 0:00:59 | |
-DISTANT GUNFIRE | 0:01:00 | 0:01:02 | |
-THE ESCAPE | 0:01:14 | 0:01:16 | |
-In August, 1914... | 0:01:23 | 0:01:25 | |
-..the German army attacked Belgium. | 0:01:25 | 0:01:28 | |
-The goal of the German Schlieffen -Plan was to conquer France. | 0:01:28 | 0:01:34 | |
-After drawing the French army -deep into Alsace-Lorraine... | 0:01:34 | 0:01:39 | |
-..the Germans would march -through Belgium, attack Paris... | 0:01:39 | 0:01:43 | |
-..and then win the war. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:45 | |
-Belgium was neutral -and not involved in the war. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:50 | |
-The Germans thought all they had -to do was march through Belgium... | 0:01:50 | 0:01:55 | |
-..to reach France. | 0:01:56 | 0:01:57 | |
-But the Belgian king said, -"We are a country, not a road." | 0:01:58 | 0:02:02 | |
-He fought alongside his soldiers -and refused to yield... | 0:02:02 | 0:02:07 | |
-..even when everyone thought -the German army was unstoppable. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:12 | |
-But the Belgians -had a secret weapon - the sea. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
-If they opened the floodgates, -the sea would flood their land. | 0:02:19 | 0:02:23 | |
-It was too deep to cross -and too shallow for boats. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:28 | |
-This was how the German army -would be stopped. | 0:02:28 | 0:02:32 | |
-Despite their efforts, the Germans -couldn't totally conquer Belgium. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:39 | |
-But the Belgians and their allies -France and Britain... | 0:02:39 | 0:02:43 | |
-..couldn't drive the Germans -out of the country. | 0:02:43 | 0:02:47 | |
-The war halted in the west... | 0:02:47 | 0:02:50 | |
-..when both sides -began to dig trenches. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:54 | |
-The war developed -into a new form of static warfare. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:58 | |
-The soldiers dug miles of trenches -and tunnels to protect themselves. | 0:02:59 | 0:03:04 | |
-The trenches were so deep, you could -walk in them and not be seen. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:08 | |
-As a result, -the war lasted in Belgium... | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
-..much longer -than the Germans wanted. | 0:03:12 | 0:03:14 | |
-This angered the German soldiers. -They were cruel to the people. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:20 | |
-Leave them, they're my soldiers! | 0:03:21 | 0:03:23 | |
-Let them be, Antoin, please! | 0:03:24 | 0:03:26 | |
-But they're my soldiers! | 0:03:27 | 0:03:29 | |
-Mamma! Antoin! | 0:03:31 | 0:03:33 | |
-Justine! | 0:03:34 | 0:03:35 | |
-Why so shy? | 0:03:36 | 0:03:38 | |
-Hands up! | 0:03:47 | 0:03:48 | |
-All of you! | 0:03:49 | 0:03:50 | |
-You too! | 0:03:50 | 0:03:52 | |
-What is that? | 0:04:00 | 0:04:01 | |
-What do we have here? A thief! | 0:04:04 | 0:04:06 | |
-Since the outbreak of war... | 0:04:07 | 0:04:09 | |
-..German soldiers attacked -and looted Belgian houses and shops. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:16 | |
-Nothing was safe. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:18 | |
-The army stole knives and forks, -mattresses, blankets... | 0:04:19 | 0:04:23 | |
-..not to mention chickens, -horses and cattle. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:27 | |
-They particularly liked -church clocks and bells... | 0:04:28 | 0:04:32 | |
-..because metal could -be used to make weapons. | 0:04:32 | 0:04:36 | |
-And in addition... | 0:04:36 | 0:04:38 | |
-Take her! | 0:04:38 | 0:04:39 | |
-..many Belgians were imprisoned -and made to work for the Germans. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:44 | |
-I don't want to go! | 0:04:45 | 0:04:46 | |
-Not my daughter, please! -She's only a child! | 0:04:46 | 0:04:49 | |
-Aah! | 0:04:50 | 0:04:51 | |
-Thieves must be punished. | 0:04:51 | 0:04:54 | |
-Let me punish her! | 0:04:54 | 0:04:57 | |
-You should have done so before. | 0:04:57 | 0:04:59 | |
-She will never steal again, -I promise! | 0:05:00 | 0:05:03 | |
-She can shovel coal for four months. | 0:05:04 | 0:05:06 | |
-She can shovel coal for four months. - -She'll never survive that! | 0:05:06 | 0:05:08 | |
-One less thief. | 0:05:10 | 0:05:11 | |
-Mamma! | 0:05:12 | 0:05:14 | |
-You can have everything, -but not my child. | 0:05:14 | 0:05:18 | |
-Not my child, please! | 0:05:19 | 0:05:21 | |
-Alright. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:30 | |
-Thank you! | 0:05:37 | 0:05:38 | |
-Two thousand francs. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:41 | |
-How much? | 0:05:45 | 0:05:47 | |
-Two thousand francs in two days, -or I will take your daughter. | 0:05:47 | 0:05:52 | |
-Where will I find that much money? | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
-Two days. | 0:06:03 | 0:06:05 | |
-Untie her! | 0:06:08 | 0:06:10 | |
-Justine. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:22 | |
-Antoin. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:32 | |
-The Germans plundered Belgium. | 0:06:33 | 0:06:35 | |
-The Belgians had to pay taxes too. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:39 | |
-Where could they find the money? | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
-In the first weeks of the war, -thousands of Belgians were shot. | 0:06:42 | 0:06:47 | |
-Their villages were -razed to the ground. | 0:06:47 | 0:06:51 | |
-The whole country -was being destroyed. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:54 | |
-German soldiers -burnt down many houses... | 0:06:54 | 0:06:57 | |
-..and destroyed -libraries and schools. | 0:06:57 | 0:07:00 | |
-In Dinant, for example, -they killed 700 ordinary people. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:04 | |
-The Germans were furious because -they weren't winning the war. | 0:07:04 | 0:07:09 | |
-They wanted someone to blame. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:11 | |
-Our neighbours collected -corncobs as well. | 0:07:12 | 0:07:15 | |
-I told you not to do that. | 0:07:15 | 0:07:17 | |
-I told you not to do that. - -They weren't for me! | 0:07:17 | 0:07:19 | |
-Stealing is stealing! | 0:07:19 | 0:07:21 | |
-They were for you and Antoin, -because you're so hungry. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:26 | |
-That's why I gathered the corncobs. | 0:07:26 | 0:07:29 | |
-Two thousand francs! How on earth -will I find that much money? | 0:07:34 | 0:07:38 | |
-Can we sell something? | 0:07:38 | 0:07:40 | |
-What can we sell? | 0:07:41 | 0:07:43 | |
-They've taken everything. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:46 | |
-Is that just? The Germans steal what -they want and no-one does anything! | 0:07:46 | 0:07:52 | |
-You've done enough. You will -stay indoors. Is that clear? | 0:07:52 | 0:07:57 | |
-It's not fair. | 0:07:57 | 0:07:58 | |
-Is that clear? | 0:07:59 | 0:08:00 | |
-Only our neighbours can help us now. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:11 | |
-Hey, my soldiers! | 0:08:19 | 0:08:22 | |
-Our neighbours have no money either. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:25 | |
-They were with me in the field... | 0:08:25 | 0:08:28 | |
-..collecting corncobs. | 0:08:31 | 0:08:33 | |
-What will you do? | 0:08:33 | 0:08:35 | |
-I'll go to the Netherlands. | 0:08:36 | 0:08:37 | |
-I'll go to the Netherlands. - -No! | 0:08:37 | 0:08:38 | |
-Yes! | 0:08:39 | 0:08:40 | |
-Justine wasn't -the only one who did this. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:46 | |
-After the German attack... | 0:08:46 | 0:08:48 | |
-..thousands of Belgians -fled to neutral Netherlands... | 0:08:49 | 0:08:53 | |
-..with their money, valuables, -and all they could carry. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:58 | |
-Their neighbouring country -wasn't part of the war. | 0:08:58 | 0:09:02 | |
-As well as children, -women and the elderly... | 0:09:04 | 0:09:08 | |
-..Germans soldiers fled -to the Netherlands too. | 0:09:09 | 0:09:13 | |
-They didn't want to fight. -They left the army. | 0:09:13 | 0:09:17 | |
-The longer the war lasted, -the more soldiers left. | 0:09:17 | 0:09:21 | |
-For this reason, the German army -guarded the Dutch border carefully. | 0:09:22 | 0:09:27 | |
-This wasn't easy. | 0:09:27 | 0:09:28 | |
-It was a difficult area to guard, -with many forests and rivers. | 0:09:29 | 0:09:33 | |
-If the Germans wanted -to stop the fugitives... | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
-..they had to think of a new plan. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:39 | |
-"You must not tell lies," -mother always says. | 0:09:51 | 0:09:55 | |
-And she's right. Lying is bad. | 0:09:56 | 0:09:58 | |
-I would never do it, -certainly not to my mother. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:03 | |
-But this is different, -because now there's a war. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:08 | |
-I have to cross the border. | 0:10:08 | 0:10:10 | |
-In 1915... | 0:10:16 | 0:10:18 | |
-..the Germans built a fence between -the Netherlands and Belgium... | 0:10:18 | 0:10:23 | |
-..from the North Sea -to the German border. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:26 | |
-It was 150 miles long. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:28 | |
-It went through forests, -villages and lakes. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:33 | |
-It was a barbed wire fence, -with searchlights. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:37 | |
-Anyone who approached the fence -was shot dead by guards. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:42 | |
-If anyone tried to climb it, -they'd get an electric shock... | 0:10:42 | 0:10:46 | |
-..from the electrified wire. | 0:10:47 | 0:10:49 | |
-Many Belgians weren't -used to electricity. | 0:10:50 | 0:10:53 | |
-Every day, someone was killed as -they tried to climb over the fence. | 0:10:53 | 0:10:58 | |
-That's why the Belgians -called it the wire of death. | 0:10:58 | 0:11:02 | |
-To cross the wire of death safely... | 0:12:00 | 0:12:02 | |
-..fugitives came up -with the most amazing methods. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:06 | |
-They put wood under their feet, -or tried to go over it on stilts. | 0:12:07 | 0:12:11 | |
-Some people glued broken crockery -to their shoe soles... | 0:12:11 | 0:12:15 | |
-..or wore rubber clothing -as protection from the electricity. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:20 | |
-Not all the plans were successful. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:24 | |
-Although it was very hard -to go to the Netherlands... | 0:12:24 | 0:12:28 | |
-..the flow of fugitives -did not stop. | 0:12:28 | 0:12:31 | |
-Justine, come here! | 0:12:34 | 0:12:36 | |
-Justine! | 0:12:36 | 0:12:37 | |
-Come here at once! | 0:12:39 | 0:12:41 | |
-Justine, where are you? | 0:12:41 | 0:12:44 | |
-I told her she had to stay indoors. | 0:12:45 | 0:12:48 | |
-I don't understand. -Antoin, where is Justine? | 0:12:48 | 0:12:52 | |
-FOOTSTEPS | 0:12:53 | 0:12:54 | |
-Do I have to remind you? | 0:13:02 | 0:13:05 | |
-In the Netherlands. | 0:13:14 | 0:13:16 | |
-Oh, no! | 0:13:17 | 0:13:18 | |
-Don't complain. | 0:13:19 | 0:13:21 | |
-Two thousand francs by tomorrow -or I take you with me. | 0:13:21 | 0:13:26 | |
-Stay here. | 0:13:26 | 0:13:27 | |
-At first, Belgian fugitives -were welcomed in the Netherlands. | 0:13:53 | 0:13:59 | |
-I am so sorry but I have -to sell Antoin's soldiers... | 0:14:06 | 0:14:11 | |
-..to get these 2,000 francs. | 0:14:11 | 0:14:13 | |
-The only Belgians with money left -have fled to the Netherlands. | 0:14:14 | 0:14:18 | |
-But so many arrived, the Dutch -government had to build camps... | 0:14:23 | 0:14:28 | |
-..where there were -schools, hospitals... | 0:14:29 | 0:14:32 | |
-..and even theatres and cinemas. | 0:14:32 | 0:14:34 | |
-These camps were called -the Belgians' Villages. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:38 | |
-Hey, sonny! | 0:14:40 | 0:14:41 | |
-Hey, sonny! | 0:14:42 | 0:14:43 | |
-Look over here. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:49 | |
-I have tin soldiers. | 0:14:50 | 0:14:51 | |
-If you buy them from me, -you can play with them. | 0:14:53 | 0:14:57 | |
-Who is this, Gilbert? | 0:14:57 | 0:14:59 | |
-Fabiola. I'm selling -this tin soldier. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:02 | |
-He is hand-painted and very old. -That's why he costs 100 francs. | 0:15:03 | 0:15:07 | |
-I have more, but they're so special -I can only sell them one at a time. | 0:15:07 | 0:15:13 | |
-Do you like it? | 0:15:13 | 0:15:16 | |
-If she says they're special, -they're special! | 0:15:16 | 0:15:19 | |
-Belgians don't lie to each other. | 0:15:20 | 0:15:23 | |
-If we lie and steal, -we're as bad as the Germans. | 0:15:23 | 0:15:27 | |
-No, Belgians help each other, -especially in hard times. | 0:15:27 | 0:15:32 | |
-Fabiola, how much for the whole box? | 0:15:33 | 0:15:37 | |
-My name is Justine. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:40 | |
-The Germans have taken everything -and they still want 2,000 francs. | 0:15:40 | 0:15:46 | |
-You wouldn't get -2,000 francs for those. | 0:15:46 | 0:15:52 | |
-Do you know what? I have an idea. | 0:15:56 | 0:15:59 | |
-Stay here! | 0:16:00 | 0:16:01 | |
-The letters, bring the letters here! | 0:16:06 | 0:16:09 | |
-In many areas... | 0:16:09 | 0:16:11 | |
-..the Germans prohibited people -from sending letters by post... | 0:16:12 | 0:16:16 | |
-..in case they revealed secrets -about the German army to the enemy. | 0:16:17 | 0:16:22 | |
-Here are 2,000 francs -and the letters... | 0:16:23 | 0:16:27 | |
-..to our relatives -and friends back in Belgium. | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
-Will you take them? | 0:16:34 | 0:16:35 | |
-Every country feared spies. | 0:16:36 | 0:16:38 | |
-Many were arrested and convicted for -spying although they were innocent. | 0:16:39 | 0:16:44 | |
-Sometimes, they were real spies. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:48 | |
-People like the British -nurse Edith Cavell... | 0:16:49 | 0:16:52 | |
-..helped injured French soldiers -escape to the Netherlands. | 0:16:53 | 0:16:57 | |
-She was shot. | 0:16:57 | 0:16:59 | |
-This was also the fate -of Gabrielle Petit from Belgium. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:04 | |
-She too was sentenced -to death by the Germans. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:07 | |
-She had crossed the wire -of death more than twenty times. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:13 | |
-When Justine brought letters back -to Belgium and distributed them... | 0:17:13 | 0:17:19 | |
-..she could expect the same -punishment if she was discovered. | 0:17:19 | 0:17:24 | |
-Was that what you had in mind? | 0:17:31 | 0:17:33 | |
-A thief first, then a liar, -now a smuggler too? | 0:17:34 | 0:17:38 | |
-Or even worse, a spy? | 0:17:39 | 0:17:41 | |
-Do you know what we do with spies? | 0:17:42 | 0:17:45 | |
-I have the 2,000 francs! | 0:17:45 | 0:17:47 | |
-Two thousand francs isn't -enough for smuggling and spying! | 0:17:48 | 0:17:53 | |
-Here, take it! It's for you! | 0:17:55 | 0:17:57 | |
-Here, take it! It's for you! - -Stupid child! | 0:17:57 | 0:17:58 | |
-Stop! | 0:17:59 | 0:18:00 | |
-Aaah! | 0:18:01 | 0:18:02 | |
-ELECTRIC CURRENT | 0:18:03 | 0:18:04 | |
-Even if the Germans take all we have -and destroy our country... | 0:18:05 | 0:18:10 | |
-..that was not what I wanted. | 0:18:10 | 0:18:12 | |
-Did the soldier die because of me? | 0:18:13 | 0:18:15 | |
-No. It was the stupid war. | 0:18:15 | 0:18:18 | |
-The terrible situation -in Belgium was no secret. | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
-The whole world sympathized with -the Belgians and wanted to help. | 0:18:26 | 0:18:31 | |
-Many countries -organized collections. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:35 | |
-Food and clothing -were sent to Belgium. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:38 | |
-But despite -the whole world's support... | 0:18:39 | 0:18:42 | |
-..the Belgians became -increasingly angry... | 0:18:42 | 0:18:46 | |
-..at the way -the Germans mistreated them. | 0:18:46 | 0:18:49 | |
-FOOTSTEPS | 0:19:06 | 0:19:07 | |
-Come, the two days are over! | 0:19:07 | 0:19:11 | |
-Mamma, don't go! Stay here! | 0:19:11 | 0:19:13 | |
-Please, one moment! | 0:19:14 | 0:19:16 | |
-Aunt Veerle will come for you. | 0:19:20 | 0:19:23 | |
-I want to stay with you. | 0:19:23 | 0:19:25 | |
-You must be brave. -You're Mamma's brave boy. | 0:19:26 | 0:19:31 | |
-Yes. | 0:19:33 | 0:19:34 | |
-Eat well. Never go -outdoors barefoot. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:41 | |
-Mamma, I want to go with you. | 0:19:41 | 0:19:43 | |
-Mamma, I want to go with you. - -Enough! | 0:19:43 | 0:19:44 | |
-To keep the Belgians in check -and get rid of any opposition... | 0:19:53 | 0:19:57 | |
-..the German army arrested -many innocent people. | 0:19:57 | 0:20:01 | |
-People were imprisoned... | 0:20:01 | 0:20:03 | |
-..when some regions refused -to pay taxes to the Germans. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:08 | |
-Every time German soldiers -were attacked... | 0:20:08 | 0:20:12 | |
-..innocent Belgians were punished. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:15 | |
-Many in Europe... | 0:20:19 | 0:20:20 | |
-..wanted to stop -the Germans' terrible conduct. | 0:20:20 | 0:20:24 | |
-But first, the German army -had to be conquered. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:28 | |
-Mamma! | 0:20:30 | 0:20:31 | |
-Don't go! | 0:20:33 | 0:20:35 | |
-Please wait! Don't go! | 0:20:37 | 0:20:39 | |
-Mamma, Justine is back! | 0:20:39 | 0:20:41 | |
-Here, I have the 2,000 francs! -Count it! | 0:20:42 | 0:20:47 | |
-Yes, we have the money! | 0:20:48 | 0:20:51 | |
-Justine! | 0:20:52 | 0:20:53 | |
-I'm sorry for all I've done. | 0:20:55 | 0:20:57 | |
-You got the money! | 0:20:57 | 0:20:58 | |
-You got the money! - -I have to distribute these letters. | 0:20:58 | 0:21:00 | |
-Even better than lying and stealing! | 0:21:03 | 0:21:05 | |
-Justine brought the soldiers back! | 0:21:12 | 0:21:15 | |
-Thanks, Justine! | 0:21:15 | 0:21:17 | |
-Distributing the letters -is a dangerous task, of course. | 0:21:20 | 0:21:24 | |
-But at least it's an honest one. | 0:21:25 | 0:21:27 | |
-And maybe it will help bring -an end to this terrible war. | 0:21:28 | 0:21:34 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Gwead | 0:22:08 | 0:22:10 | |
-. | 0:22:10 | 0:22:10 |
