Pennod 7 Rhyfel Mawr Trwy Lygaid Ifanc

-Subtitles

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-Subtitles

-The First World War started

-a hundred years ago, in 1914.

-The war changed the lives

-of men, women and children forever.

-Children and young people

-from all over Europe...

-..described their experiences

-in diaries and letters.

-These are the stories of

-the Great War through their eyes.

-One of them was a 10-year-old

-Russian boy, Misha Petrowski.

-His village was close

-to the Austrian border.

-The Austrians

-have destroyed everything.

-They killed our neighbours.

-My brothers, my sisters, my parents.

-They've all gone.

-Only this was left...

-..a picture of Tsar Nicholas

-and his son Alexei.

-Alexei Romanov is only

-a few years older than me.

-He would be the Tsar one day.

-He'll make sure

-that our enemies are defeated...

-..and that everything will be fine.

-THE REVOLUTION

-Tsar Nicholas and his family...

-..lived in a palace

-in the capital city, St Petersburg.

-The Romanov family had ruled Russia

-for 300 years.

-No-one complained,

-because the Tsar was chosen by God.

-That's what the Russians believed.

-Religion was important in Russia.

-The people trusted Father Tsar...

-..as Nicholas II

-was affectionately called.

-The Tsar had more power

-than kings or emperors.

-He could get rid of any government

-and its ministers.

-The Tsar was

-the Russian Church leader...

-..and chief of the army.

-Russia was at war

-against Austria-Hungary.

-But the Russian soldiers

-didn't want to fight any more.

-The Austrian soldiers

-in the opposite trenches...

-..didn't want to fight, either.

-Food!

-Food!

-What have we got today, then?

-What have we got today, then?

-

-Soup and bread.

-Russia entered

-the First World War...

-..after Austria-Hungary

-attacked Serbia.

-Russia and Serbia were allies.

-That's why the Tsar and his army

-supported Serbia.

-More than a million Russian

-soldiers attacked Austria-Hungary.

-The Russian army

-was the largest in the world.

-Their enemies had to fight

-on several fronts.

-Even so,

-Russia suffered heavy losses.

-They were gradually pushed back.

-Russia was a huge country.

-There weren't enough

-roads and railroads.

-Weapons and food

-did not reach the soldiers in time.

-What's going on? Where's the bread?

-The child fooled you!

-Was it you?

-Come here, you little rascal!

-I'm small and you're a big thief!

-I'm small and you're a big thief!

-

-Is that all you've learnt?

-I was looking for something to eat

-and a chance for vengeance.

-So I joined the Tsar's army.

-And even if I was not

-welcomed with open arms...

-..they could use me because

-I wanted to fight the Austrians.

-There wasn't enough food

-for the soldiers.

-There wasn't enough food

-in the cities or villages, either.

-They searched for food in vain.

-The markets were empty.

-Many people starved.

-The situation made

-the Russians more and more angry.

-They protested.

-Housewives took to the streets.

-Workers and students followed suit.

-They looted

-and set fire to police stations.

-They set prisoners free

-and murdered policemen.

-Only the Tsar could restore power.

-But Nicholas II was far away,

-fighting on the front.

-The priority for him and

-his officers was winning the war.

-Say it!

-Corporal Misha Petrowski

-at your service, your Highness.

-Well, well.

-Kusmin made it for him.

-What's so funny?

-It was a joke.

-The boy really wants to fight.

-And why is that so funny?

-Don't you want to fight?

-No, your Majesty... yes, I mean.

-Then why are you still here? Go!

-You, stay.

-You want fight against Germany?

-Yes, and Austria!

-I want to kill them all!

-Hmm.

-Come closer.

-Closer!

-Children joined the army

-in Russia and across Europe.

-They followed their adult heroes

-with great enthusiasm.

-In Russia,

-orphans were adopted by the army.

-These "sons of the army"

-were even involved in the fighting.

-GUNFIRE

-I had never seen sugar candy before.

-The taste was tempting.

-I would do anything

-the officer asked me to do.

-Yes, you have the right.

-The Russian army

-needs boys like you.

-Do you know why?

-Because not everyone

-is as brave as you.

-That is why I have

-a secret mission for you.

-If a soldier

-doesn't want to fight...

-..or is always complaining

-that he's hungry or cold....

-..I want to hear about it

-straightaway.

-We understand each other,

-Corporal Petrowski?

-Off you go.

-Off you go.

-

-Aye-aye, Sir!

-The Tsar gave the order

-to use violence...

-..to restore order in the cities.

-But the soldiers refused

-to shoot at the women.

-They joined the protests.

-Nicholas II could do nothing.

-Without his soldiers,

-he had no power.

-On March 15th, 1917,

-he did something unbelievable.

-He has abdicated!

-The Tsar has abdicated!

-The Tsar has abdicated!

-

-Be careful, come down here!

-The Tsar has abdicated!

-But the soldiers

-will stay loyal to him, I'm sure.

-We took an oath that we would.

-After three hundred years, we have

-finally got rid of the Romanovs!

-But how? That's impossible!

-The Workers and Soldiers Deputies

-have seized power!

-We have a new government!

-But how? That's impossible!

-It's true, boy.

-Workers and Soldiers Deputies!

-It's all lies!

-A government that will listen to us!

-But what about Alexei?

-But what about Alexei?

-

-What about Alexei?

-If his father

-is no longer the Tsar...

-..won't Alexei be the new Tsar?

-Like many...

-..Misha couldn't understand

-why the Romanovs ignored Russia.

-After the February Revolution,

-the Tsar and his family...

-..were sent to Siberia, as far

-as possible from Russia's capital.

-The new leaders said

-it was for their own safety.

-Many people in St Petersburg

-wanted to kill the Romanovs.

-The former Tsar was taken far away

-from his palace, to a simpler life.

-His only hope was help from outside.

-He still had loyal supporters

-who wanted him back on the throne.

-Tell me, how is the atmosphere

-amongst my men?

-Are they happy with the revolution?

-Yes, because everyone will

-have land when the war ends.

-The new government promised it. The

-death penalty has been abolished.

-So no-one is unhappy, and there

-are only happy men in my army?

-No.

-What do they complain about?

-You.

-Why?

-You're too informal with the men.

-The new rules order you

-to call them "sir".

-Do I have to say "sir" to them?

-Not to me.

-Anything else?

-Should I give them tea every morning

-and hold their hands in an attack?

-Do they still want to attack?

-What are they thinking of doing?

-Eat your soup.

-Fighting continued

-on the eastern front.

-The new Russian government had

-promised this to Britain and France.

-But the revolutionary

-Vladimir Ilyich Lenin didn't agree.

-Lenin thought the revolution

-hadn't gone far enough.

-He wanted to dissolve the government

-and make Russia Communist.

-Then everyone would be equal.

-The workers and people would be in

-power, once the rich were defeated.

-Lenin said they were the true enemy.

-That's why he wanted

-to end the war immediately.

-Many soldiers agreed.

-The time has come.

-Good luck.

-I can't see the Austrians.

-They will come.

-They're farmers like us.

-They don't want to fight either.

-Not fight?

-They started the war!

-Imagine if all the soldiers were

-friends. The war would soon end!

-The officers can't do

-anything about it.

-The Austrians are coming!

-The real enemies are the officers,

-businessmen, the rich...

-..who profit from the war.

-If we convince the Austrians...

-..the revolution will

-spread across Europe.

-What's happening? Won't they fight?

-No, little boy,

-the world revolution has begun...

-..just as Lenin predicted!

-EXPLOSION

-Run, Bogdan, run!

-I didn't understand that.

-Who shot?

-Why have we fought

-for three years against Austria?

-How can they make peace,

-after everything they did to us?

-The Russians and Austrians

-became friends.

-Soldiers from both sides

-met in other places too.

-German and British soldiers

-celebrated Christmas together.

-But officers stopped

-that immediately.

-Befriending the enemy was treason.

-The punishment was death.

-Looking for this?

-Bogdan?

-How? I thought...

-Those were Russian grenades...

-..someone has said we want

-to help the Austrian soldiers.

-Do you know what you've done?

-Yes.

-Why did you betray us?

-The Austrians hanged my parents!

-They burned our barn, where

-my brothers and sister were.

-And you want to be

-friends with them?!

-Yes! We want to end this madness!

-Enough harm has already been done!

-Our enemy isn't the Austrians...

-..but the people who want

-the war to continue at any price.

-Decide. Which side are you on?

-Don't let me down, Alexei.

-Make everything

-the way it used to be...

-Usually, I wanted to beg

-the Tsar for advice.

-But that didn't make sense any more.

-I had betrayed my friends,

-to take revenge on the Austrians.

-I couldn't undo that.

-But the revolution

-couldn't be stopped.

-In October, 1917...

-..Lenin and the Communist

-Party came to power.

-For the second time that year,

-revolution broke out.

-Government buildings were occupied.

-Revolutionaries broke in

-to the Tsar's palace...

-..to arrest the government.

-Misha was given

-an important task as well.

-Well? Do they still want

-to fraternize with the enemy?

-Or have they learnt their lesson?

-Tell me, have you heard anything?

-Tell me, have you heard anything?

-

-You should say "sir"!

-What?

-I'm not your poodle any more.

-Corporal Pe...

-..how dare you enter!

-I'm your Senior Officer!

-I'm your Senior Officer!

-

-Those days are over.

-We don't need officers any more.

-So who will command you?

-You, Oleg? Or you, Bogdan?

-Why not?

-I would never shoot my own men.

-Get out!

-Out, now!

-Arrest him.

-Many senior officers and even

-captains were arrested by their men.

-Well done. Now, all will be fine.

-Now, men chose their officers.

-But many Russian soldiers threw

-aside their weapons and headed home.

-No-one stopped them any more.

-Lenin kept his promise

-to the people and ended the war.

-On March 3, 1918...

-..the Russian Communists made

-a peace treaty with the Germans.

-Russia lost a lot of territory.

-Lenin went further.

-On his command...

-..the Tsar, his wife, four daughters

-and only son Alexei were killed.

-No Tsar should ever again

-reign over the people of Russia.

-I lost everything,

-because of the war.

-My family, my hope.

-But I learnt who

-the real enemy was...

-..and that killing

-each other had to stop.

-The Tsar is dead. And his son too.

-Excellent.

-That means the war is really over.

-What about Poland? And Ukraine?

-Have we lost them forever?

-Who cares?

-Back home, I shall have

-my own piece of land.

-That's much more important to me.

-Russia is big enough!

-Goodbye.

-Goodbye.

-

-Goodbye.

-I have to find my own way.

-And I will.

-S4C Subtitles by Gwead

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