Pennod 6 Rhyfel Mawr Trwy Lygaid Ifanc


Pennod 6

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-The First World War started

-a hundred years ago, in 1914.

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-The war changed the lives

-of men, women and children forever.

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-Children and young people

-from all over Europe...

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-..described their experiences

-in diaries and letters.

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-These are the stories of

-the Great War through their eyes.

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-One of them was a 12-year-old

-American, Jessica Davenfort...

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-..who was in the port of Rotterdam.

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-We'd been on a tour of Europe...

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-..when all countries closed

-their borders because of war.

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-This was our last chance

-to come back to America.

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-Please take us home safely.

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-Go!

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-THE JOURNEY

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-Jessica!

-Or would you rather stay in Europe?

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-No! Wait for me.

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-Hurry, mummy.

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-Can't we wait for a passenger boat?

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-They don't sail anymore.

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-Be grateful

-the captain will take us.

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-It doesn't feel right.

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-We'll be home in no time. Hurry!

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-For centuries,

-ships like the Dutch Passat...

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-..were the only link

-between Europe and overseas.

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-These ships brought

-coal and wheat...

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-..to Great Britain and Germany.

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-If a warring country prevented

-ships from reaching enemy ports...

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-..the people of that country

-suffered from cold and starvation.

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-That's how it was possible

-to force the enemy to surrender.

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-Britain and Germany fought for

-control of the sea during the war.

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-Crossing the North Sea

-became increasingly dangerous.

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-We came to Europe on the Olympic.

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-The huge ship

-had a restaurant, a library...

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-..and a swimming pool on its deck.

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-The Passat was a poor substitute.

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-I wasn't worried,

-so long as we arrived home.

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-I'm worried.

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-I'm worried.

-

-Everything will be fine.

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-I hope so.

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-So many things could go wrong.

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-They're closed, captain.

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-They're closed, captain.

-

-Secure the portholes.

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-Keep these with you at all times.

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-Alright.

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-Unfortunately,

-they don't have your colour.

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-Everything will be alright, love.

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-Whatever happens,

-don't jump in the sea.

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-You won't last more

-than five minutes.

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-That's just a forewarning,

-isn't it, captain?

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-Mmm.

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-What's that noise? Do you hear it?

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-Perhaps it's the war in France.

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-No, that's in the south, love.

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-It's on the sea.

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-The German and British navies

-fought fierce battles...

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-..in the North Sea.

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-Britain remained in control at sea.

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-They stopped all ships

-bound for Germany.

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-To do this,

-they used ships and explosives.

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-The underwater mines

-were invisible from the surface.

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-They exploded

-when they made contact with a ship.

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-More than a quarter of a million

-mines were thrown in the sea...

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-..forming huge minefields.

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-This was potentially lethal

-to any ship.

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-# A sailor went to sea, sea, sea

-to see what he could see, see, see

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-# But all that he could see,

-see, see, was the bottom of the...

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-# ..sea #

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-Please.

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-Who are you?

-Why are you hiding?

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-I'm hungry.

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-Why on earth was he hiding

-on board the ship? Who was he?

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-He was older than me,

-but I reckon I scared him.

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-SHIP FOGHORN

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-Hunger was a powerful weapon.

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-Germany attacked merchant ships...

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-..to prevent supplies

-from reaching the people.

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-They didn't use big warships...

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-..but small submarines

-that could approach the ships...

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-..unnoticed by the enemy.

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-The German name

-for these submarines was U-boat.

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-Hundreds were built,

-fifty metres of windowless steel.

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-They were armed with six torpedoes

-and a huge cannon to target ships.

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-They had no right

-to attack every ship.

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-The countries signed

-a naval warfare agreement.

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-Only enemy supply ships

-could be attacked.

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-Ships belonging

-to neutral countries...

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-..like the Dutch Passat...

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-..were inspected for arms or fuel...

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-..or people from enemy countries.

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-Submarine officers

-boarded to inspect them.

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-The German name for this was...

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-Ship inspection!

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-This is a Dutch ship.

-We're not involved in the war.

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-Don't say anything.

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-Who are they?

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-Who are they?

-

-American passengers.

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-Turn round. Don't be afraid.

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-American passengers

-on a Dutch cargo ship?

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-Yes.

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-We are not involved in the war.

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-You really are Americans?

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-You sound British.

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-No, no. We speak differently.

-They say potato, we say potahto.

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-We just want to go home.

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-The potahto wants to go home?

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-And you?

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-Come here.

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-Oh, no. Please, honestly...

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-What about you?

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-Do you want to go home too?

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-Back to your friends?

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-Back to your friends?

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-Dad! What should I say?

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-Where do you live? In London?

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-No.

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-Edinburgh?

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-Look at me when I'm speaking to you!

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-Are you lying to me?

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-I'm not lying, I swear.

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-Have you ever been to England?

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-No. That's not what I said.

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-A-ha. So you have been in England?

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-Yes.

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-I visited my grandparents.

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-Well, well.

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-My parents are British,

-but we're Americans.

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-Prepare to attack!

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-Prepare to attack!

-

-Did I say something wrong?

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-Life jackets! Clear the lifeboats!

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-I didn't know.

-They said they were Americans.

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-Are they going to drown us?

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-Only when all the passengers

-were safe in lifeboats...

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-..could merchant ships be attacked.

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-That was the rule.

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-German submarines used the cannon

-on the deck to shoot enemy ships.

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-But when the submarine

-came under fire...

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-..it dived underwater, and

-destroyed the ship with a torpedo.

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-EXPLOSIONS

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-More than 5,000 ships

-were sunk by U-boat attacks.

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-It was like a miracle.

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-The Germans didn't shoot us.

-The U-boat disappeared.

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-Maybe the captain persuaded the

-German officer to spare the ship.

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-I still can't believe they didn't

-shoot us. They just sailed away.

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-Maybe they felt sorry for us.

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-Or they thought

-it would be a waste of a torpedo!

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-We're safe.

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-We're safe.

-

-No thanks to you, Dad.

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-What do you mean?

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-I'm disappointed in you.

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-You should have stepped in when

-that horrible man was nasty to me.

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-Have you lost your mind?

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-Have you lost your mind?

-

-Your father did all he could.

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-It could have turned nasty.

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-We're Americans.

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-As if that mattered. The Germans

-have lost their self-respect.

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-But we haven't, have we?

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-Americans always help the weak,

-that's what you said.

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-Yes, I did.

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-We stand for freedom.

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-That's what the brave ones do.

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-Mmm.

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-While Europe

-was being destroyed by war...

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-..Americans were enjoying

-listening to modern music...

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-..like ragtime or jazz.

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-The US President Wilson

-didn't want to go to war.

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-But Britain and Germany

-forced him to choose sides.

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-America remained neutral...

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-..like Sweden, Norway, Denmark

-and the Netherlands in Europe.

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-The banks and industries

-of the neutral countries...

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-..could do business with the warring

-countries, including Germany.

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-They made even more money

-because of the war.

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-Sometimes I think it's easier

-to fight than stay neutral.

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-Easier, yes.

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-Profitable, no.

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-The more ships that sink,

-the more money I make.

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-For a cargo of potatoes...

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-..I earn double

-what I made before the war.

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-I'm sure I shouldn't say this, but I

-wouldn't mind if the war continued.

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-As the war goes on,

-the prices are still going up.

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-That's very interesting.

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-We have a stowaway on board.

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-Are you sure?

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-We heard footsteps in the hold.

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-We have to catch him or it looks

-as if we're helping the enemy.

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-Oh, no! That's very dangerous.

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-Was he really dangerous?

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-He was starving and frightened.

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-How will you catch him?

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-There are so many hiding places!

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-There are so many hiding places!

-

-It's only a matter of time.

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-If he's starving, he'll come out.

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-Hunger in Europe increased.

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-The U-boats

-destroyed so many ships...

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-..Britain only had enough food

-to last six weeks.

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-And because of

-the British blockade...

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-..there were alarming

-shortages in Germany.

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-Food was scarce.

-Children, in particular, suffered.

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-The food available

-was used in the war.

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-Hundreds of thousands of Germans...

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-..were dying

-from starvation and malnutrition...

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-..including many children.

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-Hello?

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-Hungry?

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-Please?

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-I'm Jessica.

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-Jessica.

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-Joachim.

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-Joachim.

-

-Mmm?

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-Joachim.

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-Joachim.

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-DOOR OPENS

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-De Rooij, make sure he doesn't

-escape! Van Rossum, come with me!

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-We won't give up until we find him.

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-If he fights back,

-we'll throw him overboard!

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-Captain!

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-Hmm.

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-It was impossible to hide at sea.

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-That's why British merchant ships

-didn't sail alone.

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-They were protected by warships.

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-When they discovered an U-boat, the

-warships attacked it immediately.

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-They had a new weapon,

-underwater mines.

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-The U-boat crews were

-frightened of this new weapon.

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-When a submarine was hit,

-there was no chance of survival.

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-U-boats weren't the hunters

-any more. They were the prey.

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-The merchant ships

-were at risk, too...

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-..even though they had

-nothing to do with the war.

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-Who's this?

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-This is Joachim. Joachim,

-this is my mother and father.

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-Is this the stowaway?

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-Joachim escaped because he

-didn't want to join the German army.

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-But what is he doing here?

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-He's coming with us to America,

-to be free.

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-Are you insane?

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-What have you done, Jessica?

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-What have you done, Jessica?

-

-KNOCK ON DOOR

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-Mr Davenfort.

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-Yes?

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-What is it?

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-You know perfectly well.

-Open the door.

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-Mr Davenfort.

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-Don't let him in!

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-Don't let him in!

-

-We have no choice!

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-I know he's in there. Open the door.

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-He'll throw him overboard!

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-He'll throw him overboard!

-

-Let's keep this simple.

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-Hand us the stowaway or

-this is where your journey ends.

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-And then it happened.

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-While the US President

-delayed committing to war...

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-..Germany broke the rules of war...

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-..and started to use U-boats

-to attack ships without warning.

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-Every ship became

-a target for the U-boats...

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-..ships from neutral countries like

-the Netherlands and even America.

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-The international naval

-warfare agreements were worthless.

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-The Americans

-were forced to join the war.

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-Stop, stop please!

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-Stop, stop please!

-

-I warned you. Come here.

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-Don't touch him! He won't harm you.

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-He's coming with us to America.

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-He's endangering the entire ship.

-I have no choice.

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-And neither do we.

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-And neither do we.

-

-Ted... please!

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-They've gone too far this time.

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-We're Americans and we stand up

-for the weak, don't we, Jessica?

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-Oh!

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-Van Rossum, take him!

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-The Americans

-were no longer neutral.

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-Three years

-after the war started...

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-..America sent its army

-to fight on Britain's side.

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-The American President declared

-war on Germany on April 6th, 1917.

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-President Wilson said,

-"We have to fight for our ideals...

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-"..for the rights

-and freedom of small countries...

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-"..for the safety of the entire

-world and to end this war.

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-"Justice is worth more than peace.

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-"Our civilisation is at stake."

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-You're lucky

-I didn't throw you off the ship.

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-The arguing didn't last long.

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-My father was thrown across the

-cabin and pushed into the hallway.

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-My father didn't back down.

-I was so proud of him.

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-The captain took pity on us

-and we sailed to Britain.

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-No-one was thrown overboard.

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-Welcome to Edinburgh.

-Your documents, please.

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-We've lost everything in the war.

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-We are Americans, the four of us.

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-And we want to go back to America.

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-And we want to go back to America.

-

-On the next ship.

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-Off we go!

-We've wasted enough time. Hurry!

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-On the next ship...

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-..from Edinburgh home to America.

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-But the war in Europe continued.

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-S4C Subtitles by Gwead

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