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-The First World War started -a hundred years ago, in 1914. | 0:00:03 | 0:00:07 | |
-The war changed the lives -of men, women and children forever. | 0:00:08 | 0:00:13 | |
-Children and young people -from all over Europe... | 0:00:14 | 0:00:18 | |
-..described their experiences -in diaries and letters. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:23 | |
-These are the stories of -the Great War through their eyes. | 0:00:23 | 0:00:27 | |
-One of them was a 12-year-old -American, Jessica Davenfort... | 0:00:29 | 0:00:34 | |
-..who was in the port of Rotterdam. | 0:00:34 | 0:00:36 | |
-We'd been on a tour of Europe... | 0:00:36 | 0:00:39 | |
-..when all countries closed -their borders because of war. | 0:00:39 | 0:00:43 | |
-This was our last chance -to come back to America. | 0:00:43 | 0:00:47 | |
-Please take us home safely. | 0:00:47 | 0:00:49 | |
-Go! | 0:00:54 | 0:00:55 | |
-THE JOURNEY | 0:00:55 | 0:00:58 | |
-Jessica! -Or would you rather stay in Europe? | 0:01:01 | 0:01:05 | |
-No! Wait for me. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:08 | |
-Hurry, mummy. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:12 | |
-Can't we wait for a passenger boat? | 0:01:14 | 0:01:17 | |
-They don't sail anymore. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:20 | |
-Be grateful -the captain will take us. | 0:01:20 | 0:01:24 | |
-It doesn't feel right. | 0:01:24 | 0:01:26 | |
-We'll be home in no time. Hurry! | 0:01:26 | 0:01:29 | |
-For centuries, -ships like the Dutch Passat... | 0:01:37 | 0:01:40 | |
-..were the only link -between Europe and overseas. | 0:01:40 | 0:01:44 | |
-These ships brought -coal and wheat... | 0:01:45 | 0:01:48 | |
-..to Great Britain and Germany. | 0:01:49 | 0:01:51 | |
-If a warring country prevented -ships from reaching enemy ports... | 0:01:52 | 0:01:56 | |
-..the people of that country -suffered from cold and starvation. | 0:01:56 | 0:02:01 | |
-That's how it was possible -to force the enemy to surrender. | 0:02:01 | 0:02:07 | |
-Britain and Germany fought for -control of the sea during the war. | 0:02:07 | 0:02:13 | |
-Crossing the North Sea -became increasingly dangerous. | 0:02:14 | 0:02:19 | |
-We came to Europe on the Olympic. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:23 | |
-The huge ship -had a restaurant, a library... | 0:02:23 | 0:02:27 | |
-..and a swimming pool on its deck. | 0:02:27 | 0:02:29 | |
-The Passat was a poor substitute. | 0:02:30 | 0:02:33 | |
-I wasn't worried, -so long as we arrived home. | 0:02:33 | 0:02:37 | |
-I'm worried. | 0:02:39 | 0:02:40 | |
-I'm worried. - -Everything will be fine. | 0:02:40 | 0:02:42 | |
-I hope so. | 0:02:43 | 0:02:44 | |
-So many things could go wrong. | 0:02:45 | 0:02:48 | |
-They're closed, captain. | 0:02:48 | 0:02:49 | |
-They're closed, captain. - -Secure the portholes. | 0:02:49 | 0:02:51 | |
-Keep these with you at all times. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:57 | |
-Alright. | 0:02:58 | 0:02:59 | |
-Unfortunately, -they don't have your colour. | 0:03:00 | 0:03:03 | |
-Everything will be alright, love. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:06 | |
-Whatever happens, -don't jump in the sea. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:09 | |
-You won't last more -than five minutes. | 0:03:10 | 0:03:12 | |
-That's just a forewarning, -isn't it, captain? | 0:03:15 | 0:03:18 | |
-Mmm. | 0:03:19 | 0:03:20 | |
-What's that noise? Do you hear it? | 0:03:22 | 0:03:25 | |
-Perhaps it's the war in France. | 0:03:25 | 0:03:28 | |
-No, that's in the south, love. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:33 | |
-It's on the sea. | 0:03:35 | 0:03:37 | |
-The German and British navies -fought fierce battles... | 0:03:40 | 0:03:44 | |
-..in the North Sea. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:46 | |
-Britain remained in control at sea. | 0:03:51 | 0:03:54 | |
-They stopped all ships -bound for Germany. | 0:03:54 | 0:03:58 | |
-To do this, -they used ships and explosives. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
-The underwater mines -were invisible from the surface. | 0:04:05 | 0:04:09 | |
-They exploded -when they made contact with a ship. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:13 | |
-More than a quarter of a million -mines were thrown in the sea... | 0:04:14 | 0:04:19 | |
-..forming huge minefields. | 0:04:19 | 0:04:21 | |
-This was potentially lethal -to any ship. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:26 | |
-# A sailor went to sea, sea, sea -to see what he could see, see, see | 0:04:39 | 0:04:43 | |
-# But all that he could see, -see, see, was the bottom of the... | 0:04:44 | 0:04:49 | |
-# ..sea # | 0:04:52 | 0:04:53 | |
-Please. | 0:04:55 | 0:04:56 | |
-Who are you? -Why are you hiding? | 0:05:03 | 0:05:07 | |
-I'm hungry. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:11 | |
-Why on earth was he hiding -on board the ship? Who was he? | 0:05:15 | 0:05:21 | |
-He was older than me, -but I reckon I scared him. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:26 | |
-SHIP FOGHORN | 0:05:26 | 0:05:28 | |
-Hunger was a powerful weapon. | 0:05:52 | 0:05:55 | |
-Germany attacked merchant ships... | 0:05:55 | 0:05:58 | |
-..to prevent supplies -from reaching the people. | 0:05:58 | 0:06:02 | |
-They didn't use big warships... | 0:06:02 | 0:06:05 | |
-..but small submarines -that could approach the ships... | 0:06:05 | 0:06:10 | |
-..unnoticed by the enemy. | 0:06:11 | 0:06:13 | |
-The German name -for these submarines was U-boat. | 0:06:13 | 0:06:18 | |
-Hundreds were built, -fifty metres of windowless steel. | 0:06:18 | 0:06:23 | |
-They were armed with six torpedoes -and a huge cannon to target ships. | 0:06:24 | 0:06:29 | |
-They had no right -to attack every ship. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:33 | |
-The countries signed -a naval warfare agreement. | 0:06:34 | 0:06:39 | |
-Only enemy supply ships -could be attacked. | 0:06:39 | 0:06:43 | |
-Ships belonging -to neutral countries... | 0:06:43 | 0:06:47 | |
-..like the Dutch Passat... | 0:06:48 | 0:06:50 | |
-..were inspected for arms or fuel... | 0:06:50 | 0:06:54 | |
-..or people from enemy countries. | 0:06:55 | 0:06:58 | |
-Submarine officers -boarded to inspect them. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:02 | |
-The German name for this was... | 0:07:02 | 0:07:05 | |
-Ship inspection! | 0:07:05 | 0:07:07 | |
-This is a Dutch ship. -We're not involved in the war. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:12 | |
-Don't say anything. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:16 | |
-Who are they? | 0:07:17 | 0:07:18 | |
-Who are they? - -American passengers. | 0:07:18 | 0:07:20 | |
-Turn round. Don't be afraid. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:23 | |
-American passengers -on a Dutch cargo ship? | 0:07:27 | 0:07:30 | |
-Yes. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:32 | |
-We are not involved in the war. | 0:07:33 | 0:07:36 | |
-You really are Americans? | 0:07:41 | 0:07:45 | |
-You sound British. | 0:07:50 | 0:07:52 | |
-No, no. We speak differently. -They say potato, we say potahto. | 0:07:55 | 0:08:00 | |
-We just want to go home. | 0:08:02 | 0:08:04 | |
-The potahto wants to go home? | 0:08:04 | 0:08:07 | |
-And you? | 0:08:11 | 0:08:14 | |
-Come here. | 0:08:14 | 0:08:16 | |
-Oh, no. Please, honestly... | 0:08:17 | 0:08:21 | |
-What about you? | 0:08:22 | 0:08:24 | |
-Do you want to go home too? | 0:08:24 | 0:08:26 | |
-Back to your friends? | 0:08:27 | 0:08:28 | |
-Back to your friends? | 0:08:33 | 0:08:35 | |
-Dad! What should I say? | 0:08:37 | 0:08:39 | |
-Where do you live? In London? | 0:08:44 | 0:08:46 | |
-No. | 0:08:47 | 0:08:48 | |
-Edinburgh? | 0:08:51 | 0:08:53 | |
-Look at me when I'm speaking to you! | 0:08:53 | 0:08:56 | |
-Are you lying to me? | 0:08:59 | 0:09:01 | |
-I'm not lying, I swear. | 0:09:02 | 0:09:04 | |
-Have you ever been to England? | 0:09:06 | 0:09:09 | |
-No. That's not what I said. | 0:09:11 | 0:09:13 | |
-A-ha. So you have been in England? | 0:09:16 | 0:09:19 | |
-Yes. | 0:09:19 | 0:09:21 | |
-I visited my grandparents. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
-Well, well. | 0:09:27 | 0:09:28 | |
-My parents are British, -but we're Americans. | 0:09:28 | 0:09:32 | |
-Prepare to attack! | 0:09:32 | 0:09:33 | |
-Prepare to attack! - -Did I say something wrong? | 0:09:33 | 0:09:35 | |
-Life jackets! Clear the lifeboats! | 0:09:36 | 0:09:39 | |
-I didn't know. -They said they were Americans. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:44 | |
-Are they going to drown us? | 0:09:46 | 0:09:48 | |
-Only when all the passengers -were safe in lifeboats... | 0:09:54 | 0:09:59 | |
-..could merchant ships be attacked. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:02 | |
-That was the rule. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:05 | |
-German submarines used the cannon -on the deck to shoot enemy ships. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:11 | |
-But when the submarine -came under fire... | 0:10:12 | 0:10:15 | |
-..it dived underwater, and -destroyed the ship with a torpedo. | 0:10:16 | 0:10:20 | |
-EXPLOSIONS | 0:10:25 | 0:10:28 | |
-More than 5,000 ships -were sunk by U-boat attacks. | 0:10:30 | 0:10:34 | |
-It was like a miracle. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:40 | |
-The Germans didn't shoot us. -The U-boat disappeared. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:45 | |
-Maybe the captain persuaded the -German officer to spare the ship. | 0:10:45 | 0:10:50 | |
-I still can't believe they didn't -shoot us. They just sailed away. | 0:10:50 | 0:10:55 | |
-Maybe they felt sorry for us. | 0:10:57 | 0:11:00 | |
-Or they thought -it would be a waste of a torpedo! | 0:11:00 | 0:11:04 | |
-We're safe. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:06 | |
-We're safe. - -No thanks to you, Dad. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:08 | |
-What do you mean? | 0:11:08 | 0:11:10 | |
-I'm disappointed in you. | 0:11:11 | 0:11:13 | |
-You should have stepped in when -that horrible man was nasty to me. | 0:11:13 | 0:11:18 | |
-Have you lost your mind? | 0:11:18 | 0:11:20 | |
-Have you lost your mind? - -Your father did all he could. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:22 | |
-It could have turned nasty. | 0:11:22 | 0:11:24 | |
-We're Americans. | 0:11:25 | 0:11:26 | |
-As if that mattered. The Germans -have lost their self-respect. | 0:11:27 | 0:11:31 | |
-But we haven't, have we? | 0:11:32 | 0:11:35 | |
-Americans always help the weak, -that's what you said. | 0:11:36 | 0:11:41 | |
-Yes, I did. | 0:11:42 | 0:11:45 | |
-We stand for freedom. | 0:11:46 | 0:11:48 | |
-That's what the brave ones do. | 0:11:52 | 0:11:54 | |
-Mmm. | 0:11:55 | 0:11:56 | |
-While Europe -was being destroyed by war... | 0:12:11 | 0:12:14 | |
-..Americans were enjoying -listening to modern music... | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
-..like ragtime or jazz. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:21 | |
-The US President Wilson -didn't want to go to war. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:25 | |
-But Britain and Germany -forced him to choose sides. | 0:12:26 | 0:12:30 | |
-America remained neutral... | 0:12:31 | 0:12:33 | |
-..like Sweden, Norway, Denmark -and the Netherlands in Europe. | 0:12:33 | 0:12:38 | |
-The banks and industries -of the neutral countries... | 0:12:38 | 0:12:43 | |
-..could do business with the warring -countries, including Germany. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:48 | |
-They made even more money -because of the war. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
-Sometimes I think it's easier -to fight than stay neutral. | 0:12:56 | 0:13:01 | |
-Easier, yes. | 0:13:01 | 0:13:03 | |
-Profitable, no. | 0:13:03 | 0:13:06 | |
-The more ships that sink, -the more money I make. | 0:13:08 | 0:13:11 | |
-For a cargo of potatoes... | 0:13:13 | 0:13:16 | |
-..I earn double -what I made before the war. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:20 | |
-I'm sure I shouldn't say this, but I -wouldn't mind if the war continued. | 0:13:20 | 0:13:26 | |
-As the war goes on, -the prices are still going up. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:31 | |
-That's very interesting. | 0:13:32 | 0:13:34 | |
-We have a stowaway on board. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:36 | |
-Are you sure? | 0:13:37 | 0:13:39 | |
-We heard footsteps in the hold. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:43 | |
-We have to catch him or it looks -as if we're helping the enemy. | 0:13:43 | 0:13:47 | |
-Oh, no! That's very dangerous. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:51 | |
-Was he really dangerous? | 0:13:51 | 0:13:53 | |
-He was starving and frightened. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:57 | |
-How will you catch him? | 0:13:57 | 0:13:59 | |
-There are so many hiding places! | 0:13:59 | 0:14:01 | |
-There are so many hiding places! - -It's only a matter of time. | 0:14:01 | 0:14:03 | |
-If he's starving, he'll come out. | 0:14:03 | 0:14:06 | |
-Hunger in Europe increased. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:12 | |
-The U-boats -destroyed so many ships... | 0:14:13 | 0:14:16 | |
-..Britain only had enough food -to last six weeks. | 0:14:16 | 0:14:20 | |
-And because of -the British blockade... | 0:14:21 | 0:14:24 | |
-..there were alarming -shortages in Germany. | 0:14:25 | 0:14:30 | |
-Food was scarce. -Children, in particular, suffered. | 0:14:30 | 0:14:34 | |
-The food available -was used in the war. | 0:14:36 | 0:14:39 | |
-Hundreds of thousands of Germans... | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
-..were dying -from starvation and malnutrition... | 0:14:42 | 0:14:46 | |
-..including many children. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:48 | |
-Hello? | 0:14:53 | 0:14:54 | |
-Hungry? | 0:15:02 | 0:15:03 | |
-Please? | 0:15:07 | 0:15:08 | |
-I'm Jessica. | 0:15:29 | 0:15:30 | |
-Jessica. | 0:15:33 | 0:15:34 | |
-Joachim. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:39 | |
-Joachim. - -Mmm? | 0:15:39 | 0:15:40 | |
-Joachim. | 0:15:41 | 0:15:43 | |
-Joachim. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:44 | |
-DOOR OPENS | 0:15:51 | 0:15:53 | |
-De Rooij, make sure he doesn't -escape! Van Rossum, come with me! | 0:15:56 | 0:16:01 | |
-We won't give up until we find him. | 0:16:09 | 0:16:11 | |
-If he fights back, -we'll throw him overboard! | 0:16:12 | 0:16:15 | |
-Captain! | 0:16:18 | 0:16:20 | |
-Hmm. | 0:16:25 | 0:16:26 | |
-It was impossible to hide at sea. | 0:16:26 | 0:16:29 | |
-That's why British merchant ships -didn't sail alone. | 0:16:30 | 0:16:35 | |
-They were protected by warships. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:39 | |
-When they discovered an U-boat, the -warships attacked it immediately. | 0:16:40 | 0:16:46 | |
-They had a new weapon, -underwater mines. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:50 | |
-The U-boat crews were -frightened of this new weapon. | 0:16:53 | 0:16:57 | |
-When a submarine was hit, -there was no chance of survival. | 0:16:58 | 0:17:02 | |
-U-boats weren't the hunters -any more. They were the prey. | 0:17:05 | 0:17:10 | |
-The merchant ships -were at risk, too... | 0:17:12 | 0:17:17 | |
-..even though they had -nothing to do with the war. | 0:17:17 | 0:17:22 | |
-Who's this? | 0:17:33 | 0:17:34 | |
-This is Joachim. Joachim, -this is my mother and father. | 0:17:35 | 0:17:40 | |
-Is this the stowaway? | 0:17:40 | 0:17:44 | |
-Joachim escaped because he -didn't want to join the German army. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:49 | |
-But what is he doing here? | 0:17:50 | 0:17:52 | |
-He's coming with us to America, -to be free. | 0:17:52 | 0:17:56 | |
-Are you insane? | 0:18:00 | 0:18:02 | |
-What have you done, Jessica? | 0:18:02 | 0:18:03 | |
-What have you done, Jessica? - -KNOCK ON DOOR | 0:18:03 | 0:18:05 | |
-Mr Davenfort. | 0:18:05 | 0:18:06 | |
-Yes? | 0:18:07 | 0:18:08 | |
-What is it? | 0:18:08 | 0:18:10 | |
-You know perfectly well. -Open the door. | 0:18:10 | 0:18:14 | |
-Mr Davenfort. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:20 | |
-Don't let him in! | 0:18:20 | 0:18:22 | |
-Don't let him in! - -We have no choice! | 0:18:22 | 0:18:24 | |
-I know he's in there. Open the door. | 0:18:25 | 0:18:28 | |
-He'll throw him overboard! | 0:18:28 | 0:18:30 | |
-He'll throw him overboard! - -Let's keep this simple. | 0:18:30 | 0:18:32 | |
-Hand us the stowaway or -this is where your journey ends. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:37 | |
-And then it happened. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:44 | |
-While the US President -delayed committing to war... | 0:18:45 | 0:18:48 | |
-..Germany broke the rules of war... | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
-..and started to use U-boats -to attack ships without warning. | 0:18:52 | 0:18:57 | |
-Every ship became -a target for the U-boats... | 0:18:59 | 0:19:03 | |
-..ships from neutral countries like -the Netherlands and even America. | 0:19:03 | 0:19:09 | |
-The international naval -warfare agreements were worthless. | 0:19:10 | 0:19:15 | |
-The Americans -were forced to join the war. | 0:19:16 | 0:19:20 | |
-Stop, stop please! | 0:19:26 | 0:19:27 | |
-Stop, stop please! - -I warned you. Come here. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:30 | |
-Don't touch him! He won't harm you. | 0:19:31 | 0:19:34 | |
-He's coming with us to America. | 0:19:34 | 0:19:37 | |
-He's endangering the entire ship. -I have no choice. | 0:19:38 | 0:19:41 | |
-And neither do we. | 0:19:45 | 0:19:46 | |
-And neither do we. - -Ted... please! | 0:19:46 | 0:19:48 | |
-They've gone too far this time. | 0:19:48 | 0:19:51 | |
-We're Americans and we stand up -for the weak, don't we, Jessica? | 0:19:52 | 0:19:57 | |
-Oh! | 0:20:02 | 0:20:03 | |
-Van Rossum, take him! | 0:20:06 | 0:20:08 | |
-The Americans -were no longer neutral. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:12 | |
-Three years -after the war started... | 0:20:12 | 0:20:15 | |
-..America sent its army -to fight on Britain's side. | 0:20:15 | 0:20:19 | |
-The American President declared -war on Germany on April 6th, 1917. | 0:20:20 | 0:20:25 | |
-President Wilson said, -"We have to fight for our ideals... | 0:20:26 | 0:20:31 | |
-"..for the rights -and freedom of small countries... | 0:20:31 | 0:20:35 | |
-"..for the safety of the entire -world and to end this war. | 0:20:35 | 0:20:40 | |
-"Justice is worth more than peace. | 0:20:41 | 0:20:44 | |
-"Our civilisation is at stake." | 0:20:44 | 0:20:47 | |
-You're lucky -I didn't throw you off the ship. | 0:20:52 | 0:20:55 | |
-The arguing didn't last long. | 0:20:56 | 0:20:58 | |
-My father was thrown across the -cabin and pushed into the hallway. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:05 | |
-My father didn't back down. -I was so proud of him. | 0:21:05 | 0:21:09 | |
-The captain took pity on us -and we sailed to Britain. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:15 | |
-No-one was thrown overboard. | 0:21:15 | 0:21:18 | |
-Welcome to Edinburgh. -Your documents, please. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:33 | |
-We've lost everything in the war. | 0:21:34 | 0:21:37 | |
-We are Americans, the four of us. | 0:21:37 | 0:21:40 | |
-And we want to go back to America. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:42 | |
-And we want to go back to America. - -On the next ship. | 0:21:42 | 0:21:44 | |
-Off we go! -We've wasted enough time. Hurry! | 0:21:48 | 0:21:53 | |
-On the next ship... | 0:21:53 | 0:21:55 | |
-..from Edinburgh home to America. | 0:21:56 | 0:21:59 | |
-But the war in Europe continued. | 0:22:00 | 0:22:03 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Gwead | 0:22:36 | 0:22:38 | |
-. | 0:22:39 | 0:22:39 |