Browse content similar to Victoria. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Coast is on its biggest expedition ever. | 0:00:03 | 0:00:06 | |
After exploring the coastline of Britain and Europe | 0:00:06 | 0:00:10 | |
for almost a decade, | 0:00:10 | 0:00:11 | |
I've landed on the vast island continent | 0:00:11 | 0:00:15 | |
that is Australia. | 0:00:15 | 0:00:17 | |
The air's clearer. | 0:00:17 | 0:00:19 | |
The light's brighter. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:20 | |
The colours are sharper. | 0:00:20 | 0:00:22 | |
It's a land that boasts over 60,000 kilometres of coastline. | 0:00:25 | 0:00:29 | |
On this journey, | 0:00:31 | 0:00:33 | |
we're revealing new stories | 0:00:33 | 0:00:34 | |
and revelling in the history, | 0:00:34 | 0:00:36 | |
the geography, | 0:00:36 | 0:00:37 | |
and the people | 0:00:37 | 0:00:39 | |
who connect us with perhaps the most spectacular coastline on Earth. | 0:00:39 | 0:00:43 | |
This is Victoria's fabled Shipwreck Coast. | 0:01:01 | 0:01:04 | |
The remains of over 600 vessels lie scattered | 0:01:04 | 0:01:06 | |
across the sea bed out there. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:09 | |
It's an elemental coastline, | 0:01:09 | 0:01:11 | |
hewn by winds, | 0:01:11 | 0:01:12 | |
strong ocean currents | 0:01:12 | 0:01:14 | |
and powerful waves. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:16 | |
For millions of years, | 0:01:18 | 0:01:20 | |
these shores have been under attack from a fearsome foe - | 0:01:20 | 0:01:24 | |
the mighty Southern Ocean. | 0:01:24 | 0:01:26 | |
And here's where it comes ashore... | 0:01:29 | 0:01:30 | |
with a force that impacts on the landscape | 0:01:30 | 0:01:33 | |
and on the people. | 0:01:33 | 0:01:34 | |
We're off on a journey along a coast of contrasts - | 0:01:36 | 0:01:39 | |
from historic wrecks | 0:01:39 | 0:01:40 | |
to stories of heartbreak and ingenuity. | 0:01:40 | 0:01:43 | |
On our trip, we'll explore astonishing feats of engineering | 0:01:44 | 0:01:49 | |
and uncover places of incredible beauty | 0:01:49 | 0:01:52 | |
that are bristling with danger. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:55 | |
Anthropologist Dr Xanthe Mallett | 0:01:55 | 0:01:58 | |
unravels the mystery | 0:01:58 | 0:01:59 | |
behind a tragic shipwreck that marked the end of an era... | 0:01:59 | 0:02:03 | |
It's amazing that after so much time | 0:02:04 | 0:02:06 | |
we can come down here and see it. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:09 | |
..Brendan Moar finds out first-hand | 0:02:09 | 0:02:12 | |
about the incredible risks it took | 0:02:12 | 0:02:14 | |
to build the worlds biggest war memorial - | 0:02:14 | 0:02:17 | |
the Great Ocean Road... | 0:02:17 | 0:02:18 | |
Ah, this is an incredible view | 0:02:18 | 0:02:20 | |
but it is kind of terrifying. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:22 | |
..palaeontologist Professor Tim Flannery | 0:02:23 | 0:02:26 | |
tracks down proof of a truly massive predator... | 0:02:26 | 0:02:29 | |
Hey, come on...! Look at that! | 0:02:29 | 0:02:31 | |
Can you believe it? | 0:02:31 | 0:02:33 | |
That is the tinniest find... | 0:02:33 | 0:02:35 | |
..and I discover the crucial role this lighthouse played | 0:02:35 | 0:02:38 | |
in the birth of a nation. | 0:02:38 | 0:02:40 | |
This is known as a landfall light. | 0:02:40 | 0:02:42 | |
So what this is saying is like - | 0:02:42 | 0:02:44 | |
"Hello! Hello! This is Cape Otway. I'm here. You've arrived. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:47 | |
This is Coast Australia. | 0:02:47 | 0:02:49 | |
Our route covers a coastline that stretches from Flinders, | 0:03:14 | 0:03:17 | |
on the Mornington Peninsula | 0:03:17 | 0:03:18 | |
through the beach suburbs of Melbourne, | 0:03:18 | 0:03:20 | |
along the Great Ocean Road | 0:03:20 | 0:03:22 | |
past Cape Otway | 0:03:22 | 0:03:24 | |
onto Port Campbell in the west. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:25 | |
We start our expedition at the top of Port Phillip Bay. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:33 | |
That's where you'll find one of the world's great cities - | 0:03:33 | 0:03:35 | |
Melbourne. | 0:03:35 | 0:03:37 | |
It's a place renowned for its urban design and art scene. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:42 | |
But before we set off on our journey, | 0:03:44 | 0:03:46 | |
I thought I'd better have a cheeky wee dip | 0:03:46 | 0:03:49 | |
at one of the city's more historic visual attractions. | 0:03:49 | 0:03:53 | |
Oh! | 0:03:55 | 0:03:57 | |
That's British cold! | 0:03:57 | 0:03:59 | |
Oh! | 0:04:07 | 0:04:08 | |
Of all Australia's capital cities, Melbourne - | 0:04:10 | 0:04:13 | |
often dubbed the most European - | 0:04:13 | 0:04:16 | |
is not famous for its beach life. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
But, ironically, Melbournians enjoy more metropolitan beach space | 0:04:19 | 0:04:23 | |
than any other city dwellers. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:25 | |
But as you can see from this photo, | 0:04:27 | 0:04:29 | |
hitting the beach in 1879 | 0:04:29 | 0:04:31 | |
was a vastly different proposition. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:33 | |
And for decades, beach attire meant far less flesh was on display. | 0:04:35 | 0:04:40 | |
So with the bathers came beach boxes designed to preserve their modesty. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:45 | |
Today there are about 1,800 left across Port Phillip Bay. | 0:04:48 | 0:04:52 | |
Look at these, aren't they brilliant? | 0:04:54 | 0:04:56 | |
Must admit, this very much reminds me of beaches back home. | 0:04:56 | 0:05:01 | |
Every one a little work of art. Morning! | 0:05:01 | 0:05:04 | |
Morning! Good morning. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
Bye-bye. | 0:05:07 | 0:05:08 | |
'But what are they being used for, and by whom?' | 0:05:08 | 0:05:13 | |
Hi, John. Hi. How are you doing? Very well, thanks. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:16 | |
Suzie. Hi. How are you? Nice to meet you. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:18 | |
Can I use your facilities? Of course. You're welcome. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:21 | |
Just get changed. There's a potty in there if you want that, as well. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:24 | |
Thank you very much! That's all right. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
'This box belongs to John Rundle, | 0:05:27 | 0:05:29 | |
'a former president of the Brighton Box Bathing Association. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:33 | |
'He's owned it for over 20 years.' | 0:05:33 | 0:05:36 | |
Oh, that's better! Thank you very much. | 0:05:36 | 0:05:39 | |
That's all right. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:40 | |
How much of a Melbourne tradition are they? | 0:05:41 | 0:05:44 | |
Oh, they've always been here. | 0:05:44 | 0:05:46 | |
They go back to about the 1870s. | 0:05:46 | 0:05:48 | |
We think the idea was copied from England, | 0:05:48 | 0:05:51 | |
where they had the bathing boxes on wheels | 0:05:51 | 0:05:53 | |
and they had a similar thing here. | 0:05:53 | 0:05:55 | |
Was this taken on this beach? | 0:05:55 | 0:05:57 | |
We believe these were taken on the beach. | 0:05:57 | 0:05:59 | |
Eventually, things became a little bit more liberal | 0:06:01 | 0:06:04 | |
and the boxes just got left up on the beach as changing sheds. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:09 | |
Did you get to know your neighbours just as you | 0:06:13 | 0:06:15 | |
would in a house in an ordinary street? | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
Definitely. Everybody here knows each other. | 0:06:17 | 0:06:21 | |
It's, um, a very tightly knit community. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:24 | |
It's also a rather exclusive community. | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
Even though these huts have no power or water | 0:06:28 | 0:06:30 | |
and you're not allowed to stay overnight, they're not cheap. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:34 | |
In 2011, one sold for $260,000! | 0:06:35 | 0:06:39 | |
Today there are 85 huts here. | 0:06:41 | 0:06:44 | |
Through the years a number have been washed away by storms, | 0:06:45 | 0:06:48 | |
but somehow, I get the feeling | 0:06:48 | 0:06:50 | |
that this now colourful Victorian tradition will be an enduring one. | 0:06:50 | 0:06:54 | |
As you leave the sheltered embrace of Port Phillip Bay and head west, | 0:06:57 | 0:07:00 | |
you hit one of the most impressive and perilous | 0:07:00 | 0:07:04 | |
stretches of coastline in the world - | 0:07:04 | 0:07:06 | |
the Shipwreck Coast. | 0:07:06 | 0:07:08 | |
In years gone by, it would strike fear into the hearts | 0:07:09 | 0:07:12 | |
of those trying to navigate its hazardous waters. | 0:07:12 | 0:07:16 | |
Tragically for some, | 0:07:16 | 0:07:17 | |
this jagged shore would be their first, | 0:07:17 | 0:07:20 | |
and last sight of Australia. | 0:07:20 | 0:07:23 | |
Anthropologist Dr Xanthe Mallett | 0:07:24 | 0:07:26 | |
is investigating why the Shipwreck Coast's most famous victim | 0:07:26 | 0:07:30 | |
perished so close to safety. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:33 | |
This shoreline has extracted a terrible human toll over the years. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:40 | |
If you look out at the whole coastline, | 0:07:40 | 0:07:43 | |
you can almost feel the menace. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:45 | |
It's like these sheer cliffs are claws reaching out | 0:07:45 | 0:07:48 | |
to draw the ships in. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:50 | |
I've come here to try and find out | 0:07:52 | 0:07:54 | |
why the ill-fated clipper Loch Ard | 0:07:54 | 0:07:55 | |
came to grief here 13 weeks after she'd set off from England | 0:07:55 | 0:07:59 | |
in March, 1878. | 0:07:59 | 0:08:02 | |
In the early hours of June 1st, she was less than a day | 0:08:02 | 0:08:05 | |
from her destination - Melbourne. | 0:08:05 | 0:08:07 | |
But the ship was running well off course in a thick sea mist | 0:08:09 | 0:08:13 | |
and just out here, a lethal natural trap was lying in wait. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:18 | |
Instead of following her intended course, the Loch Ard, | 0:08:18 | 0:08:21 | |
carrying 54 passengers and crew | 0:08:21 | 0:08:24 | |
was well north and headed directly for the coast. | 0:08:24 | 0:08:27 | |
To find out how this happened and exactly why the Loch Ard sank, | 0:08:29 | 0:08:32 | |
I've come to Port Campbell. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:34 | |
I'm hitching a ride with local diver and expert on the Loch Ard's | 0:08:35 | 0:08:39 | |
last voyage, Gary Barclay. | 0:08:39 | 0:08:41 | |
Good morning. Morning. Hello. | 0:08:43 | 0:08:45 | |
How are you? Welcome to Port Campbell. | 0:08:45 | 0:08:47 | |
Good to meet you. Come on board the boat. | 0:08:47 | 0:08:49 | |
Thank you very much. | 0:08:49 | 0:08:50 | |
Today, conditions are perfect - | 0:08:52 | 0:08:54 | |
a far cry from the night the Loch Ard emerged from the mist | 0:08:54 | 0:08:57 | |
to find itself heading for disaster. | 0:08:57 | 0:09:00 | |
Seeing the sheer cliffs ahead, the captain, William Gibb, | 0:09:01 | 0:09:04 | |
frantically tried to save his ship. | 0:09:04 | 0:09:06 | |
First, he tried to stop the Loch Ard | 0:09:07 | 0:09:10 | |
and push its bow back out to sea. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:12 | |
He threw some anchors | 0:09:12 | 0:09:13 | |
once he realised he was heading straight for land. | 0:09:13 | 0:09:15 | |
He thought if those anchors held, | 0:09:15 | 0:09:17 | |
he could wait for better conditions, | 0:09:17 | 0:09:18 | |
then sail back out to sea and away he'd go. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:20 | |
Those conditions didn't come. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:22 | |
The strong southerly wind | 0:09:22 | 0:09:23 | |
was pushing the boat backwards towards the land. | 0:09:23 | 0:09:26 | |
Gibb released the anchors. | 0:09:26 | 0:09:28 | |
The bow swung to the west | 0:09:28 | 0:09:29 | |
and the captain made a last ditch effort to escape... | 0:09:29 | 0:09:33 | |
He tried to do a manoeuvre | 0:09:35 | 0:09:36 | |
where he'd done a complete circle of the bay, | 0:09:36 | 0:09:38 | |
and tried to come back out. | 0:09:38 | 0:09:39 | |
As he was passing this point, just in front of this island here, | 0:09:39 | 0:09:42 | |
he hit the submerged reef, which is just below the water here. | 0:09:42 | 0:09:45 | |
So, literally, it's just here? | 0:09:52 | 0:09:54 | |
It's just here beside us, yeah. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:56 | |
To discover more, we've got to examine the wreck. | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
The wreck of the Loch Ard was only found in 1967, | 0:10:16 | 0:10:21 | |
almost 90 years after she went down. | 0:10:21 | 0:10:23 | |
It's just amazing - seeing it like this, in situ, | 0:10:26 | 0:10:28 | |
after hearing the story is just incredible. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:31 | |
What we're seeing here is the hull of the ship | 0:10:33 | 0:10:36 | |
wedged up against Muttonbird Island. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:38 | |
This really gives you an idea of the peril that they were in | 0:10:41 | 0:10:43 | |
when you can see literally the ship touching the island. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:46 | |
The wreck's been protected since 1976, | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
but it's clear to see where looters blasted a hole in the hull | 0:10:52 | 0:10:56 | |
in search of artefacts. | 0:10:56 | 0:10:58 | |
But some cargo remains | 0:11:00 | 0:11:01 | |
and it's believed these heavy railway lines interfered | 0:11:01 | 0:11:04 | |
with the ship's compass and pushed it off course. | 0:11:04 | 0:11:07 | |
It was carrying a massive amount of steel and stuff like that | 0:11:09 | 0:11:12 | |
and that could've played with some of the instruments, | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
caused a problem, and that may have been why he came so close to land | 0:11:15 | 0:11:18 | |
before he realised. | 0:11:18 | 0:11:20 | |
This heavy cargo would also have made the Loch Ard | 0:11:20 | 0:11:23 | |
an unwieldy beast to handle once it got in trouble. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:26 | |
Tragically, the ship was one of the last sail-powered clippers | 0:11:27 | 0:11:30 | |
carrying passengers from the United Kingdom to Australia. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:33 | |
Under steam, it almost certainly would've managed to escape | 0:11:34 | 0:11:38 | |
the clutches of the coastline. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:40 | |
That was just phenomenal getting to see...the wreck down there | 0:11:40 | 0:11:44 | |
and how close it is to the island. They had no chance did they? No. | 0:11:44 | 0:11:47 | |
But this is only half the story. | 0:11:50 | 0:11:53 | |
What happened as the Loch Ard foundered is truly remarkable. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:56 | |
Desperately trying to man a lifeboat, | 0:11:56 | 0:11:59 | |
18-year-old apprentice Tom Pearce was washed into the water. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:03 | |
Clinging to the lifeboat, he was miraculously pushed through | 0:12:04 | 0:12:07 | |
a narrow gorge and onto this beach. | 0:12:07 | 0:12:09 | |
'Rex Mathieson's dived on numerous wrecks along the coast | 0:12:12 | 0:12:16 | |
'and studied the Loch Ard extensively.' | 0:12:16 | 0:12:18 | |
He was actually washed in here. | 0:12:18 | 0:12:21 | |
In the upturned lifeboat. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:22 | |
So through this little opening that we see now? | 0:12:22 | 0:12:25 | |
I mean, it's a beautiful day but then it was cold, | 0:12:25 | 0:12:28 | |
it was dark... Completely different! | 0:12:28 | 0:12:30 | |
It's the first of June! | 0:12:30 | 0:12:32 | |
And in winter - which is the southern hemisphere - | 0:12:32 | 0:12:34 | |
you can't see anything until about | 0:12:34 | 0:12:36 | |
seven or eight o'clock in the morning | 0:12:36 | 0:12:38 | |
and this is at four or five o'clock in the morning. Wow. | 0:12:38 | 0:12:41 | |
After he'd rested for a little while, he came out - | 0:12:41 | 0:12:43 | |
it was daylight. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:45 | |
And that's when he heard the cries of help from Eva Carmichael, | 0:12:45 | 0:12:48 | |
this young 18-year-old Irish lass. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
She'd been in the water for four or five hours! | 0:12:51 | 0:12:53 | |
How she survived in a nightie, I don't know. | 0:12:53 | 0:12:56 | |
Is that all she was wearing? That's all she was wearing. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:58 | |
It took Tom about an hour to rescue Eva. | 0:12:58 | 0:13:01 | |
Somehow he then found the energy | 0:13:01 | 0:13:03 | |
to scramble out of the gorge. | 0:13:03 | 0:13:06 | |
Look he's only a young guy - five foot, four-and-a-half inches tall, | 0:13:06 | 0:13:10 | |
and the...the strength and fortitude that he had is damned amazing! | 0:13:10 | 0:13:14 | |
Even more incredibly, the pair had come ashore | 0:13:14 | 0:13:18 | |
near the only dwelling for miles - Glenample Station. | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
A set of hoof prints led Tom | 0:13:21 | 0:13:24 | |
to two of the station's riders | 0:13:24 | 0:13:26 | |
and the pair were saved. | 0:13:26 | 0:13:28 | |
Tom and Eva were the only survivors. | 0:13:28 | 0:13:31 | |
Today, the gorge bears the name Loch Ard in memory of a wreck | 0:13:31 | 0:13:36 | |
that, for me, truly symbolises tragedy and heroism | 0:13:36 | 0:13:40 | |
along with both good and ill fortune. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:44 | |
The coastline near Lorne is an often inhospitable shore. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:51 | |
and one that continually challenged the skill and nerve | 0:13:51 | 0:13:54 | |
of those who wanted to settle on its fringes. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:57 | |
Brendan's on a mission to unearth the risks that had to be taken | 0:14:01 | 0:14:04 | |
to create one of Australia's most incredible feats of engineering. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:08 | |
I don't reckon there are many experiences that beat this. | 0:14:11 | 0:14:15 | |
It's just mile after mile after mile of smooth driving | 0:14:15 | 0:14:19 | |
through incredible scenery. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:21 | |
But 100 years ago, reaching the isolated towns | 0:14:32 | 0:14:35 | |
scattered along this coast was no easy task, | 0:14:35 | 0:14:38 | |
particularly if you weren't keen to take to these | 0:14:38 | 0:14:41 | |
notoriously treacherous seas. | 0:14:41 | 0:14:43 | |
Basically, you had one option - | 0:14:45 | 0:14:47 | |
travelling along awful bush tracks like this one. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:51 | |
But that was all about to change. | 0:14:51 | 0:14:53 | |
In 1918, World War I was drawing to a close. | 0:14:54 | 0:14:58 | |
Over 400,000 Australian men had enlisted to fight | 0:14:58 | 0:15:02 | |
for their country. | 0:15:02 | 0:15:03 | |
More than 60,000 would make the ultimate sacrifice. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:09 | |
Back in Victoria, | 0:15:10 | 0:15:11 | |
one man had a plan to honour the dead and wounded diggers, | 0:15:11 | 0:15:15 | |
and provide work for those | 0:15:15 | 0:15:16 | |
who would make it home. | 0:15:16 | 0:15:18 | |
He was Howard Hitchcock, the mayor of Geelong... | 0:15:20 | 0:15:22 | |
and he wanted to build a road. | 0:15:22 | 0:15:25 | |
But not just any road - | 0:15:25 | 0:15:27 | |
one that would cling to the coastline. | 0:15:27 | 0:15:29 | |
In many places it would be cut out of sheer cliff faces. | 0:15:29 | 0:15:33 | |
So he set up a trust, | 0:15:33 | 0:15:35 | |
and started fundraising. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:37 | |
In 1919, the work began. | 0:15:37 | 0:15:39 | |
But the job ahead would be incredibly demanding. | 0:15:40 | 0:15:43 | |
I'm meeting historian Iain Grant to explore the reasons why. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:47 | |
G'day, Iain. Brendan, how are you? | 0:15:48 | 0:15:50 | |
Very, very good. Great to meet you. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:52 | |
Thank you. So this is the Great Ocean Road? | 0:15:52 | 0:15:54 | |
This is the Great Ocean Road. | 0:15:54 | 0:15:56 | |
So they had the men, they had the money, they had the resources. | 0:15:56 | 0:15:59 | |
Yes. And so what did they actually use to build the thing? | 0:15:59 | 0:16:03 | |
Well, things like a pick and a shovel... | 0:16:03 | 0:16:05 | |
Oh! ..and hard work. | 0:16:05 | 0:16:07 | |
HARD work? | 0:16:07 | 0:16:08 | |
It was just physical, physical slog all day. | 0:16:08 | 0:16:13 | |
Punch after punch after grunt after grunt. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:15 | |
Living under canvas, | 0:16:15 | 0:16:17 | |
the men toiled five and a half days a week, | 0:16:17 | 0:16:19 | |
in all conditions. | 0:16:19 | 0:16:21 | |
Many had left the trenches of World War I...for this. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:25 | |
If it was hot, they worked, if it was cold, they worked. | 0:16:26 | 0:16:29 | |
If it was raining cats and dogs, they still worked. | 0:16:29 | 0:16:33 | |
What were the safety conditions like? Safety? | 0:16:33 | 0:16:35 | |
Yeah? Hee-hee-hee! | 0:16:35 | 0:16:37 | |
OK, Brendan. We'll get you in a harness first. | 0:16:38 | 0:16:40 | |
'Well, to fully experience what the diggers went through | 0:16:40 | 0:16:43 | |
'I guess I've got to have a crack at the way they worked.' | 0:16:43 | 0:16:46 | |
Man, oh, man! | 0:16:49 | 0:16:51 | |
I can't believe they had to do this. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:53 | |
So what they had to do is, they scrambled down the hillside | 0:16:56 | 0:16:59 | |
with a rope attached to them and to a tree. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:01 | |
And once they were here, they'd start to make a foothold | 0:17:01 | 0:17:04 | |
into the side of the cliff, | 0:17:04 | 0:17:06 | |
and then from that, they would continue their way | 0:17:06 | 0:17:09 | |
into the hillside, just making a V. | 0:17:09 | 0:17:11 | |
I can't even believe... | 0:17:11 | 0:17:13 | |
that this is the way they did it. | 0:17:13 | 0:17:15 | |
Ah, this is an incredible view...! | 0:17:15 | 0:17:18 | |
But it is kind of terrifying. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:19 | |
Now I'm just faking this. | 0:17:26 | 0:17:28 | |
And I mean faking it. Whoa. | 0:17:28 | 0:17:30 | |
And it gives me a real appreciation for what they did. | 0:17:31 | 0:17:34 | |
The work progressed steadily, and in 1922, | 0:17:46 | 0:17:49 | |
the first section - between Lorne and Eastern View - | 0:17:49 | 0:17:52 | |
opened, complete with a toll. | 0:17:52 | 0:17:54 | |
Each passenger cost extra and as we know, everyone hates paying a toll. | 0:17:55 | 0:18:00 | |
So, in order to save a bit of cash, | 0:18:01 | 0:18:03 | |
sometimes they would stop the car just before the toll gate, | 0:18:03 | 0:18:06 | |
one of the passengers would get out, walk along the beach, | 0:18:06 | 0:18:09 | |
and try and join them on the other side. | 0:18:09 | 0:18:11 | |
There was just one problem. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:13 | |
Hey! What do you think you're up to, you lousy rotten sod?! | 0:18:13 | 0:18:17 | |
Trying to dodge the toll up there! | 0:18:17 | 0:18:18 | |
All right, I've got to get a deener | 0:18:18 | 0:18:20 | |
out of you! Sneaking along here with a suitcase....! | 0:18:20 | 0:18:24 | |
You didn't expect me coming down, catching you, did you? | 0:18:24 | 0:18:26 | |
No, I did not! It's Doug, isn't it? | 0:18:26 | 0:18:28 | |
Yes. Doug. Brendan. | 0:18:28 | 0:18:30 | |
'Doug Stirling had first-hand experience with the toll dodgers, | 0:18:30 | 0:18:34 | |
'and their fate at the hands of the notorious and much-feared | 0:18:34 | 0:18:37 | |
'toll collector, Mrs Wright.' | 0:18:37 | 0:18:39 | |
We used to play here as kids. | 0:18:39 | 0:18:41 | |
And with the Wright kids, | 0:18:41 | 0:18:43 | |
and if they saw anybody of the likes of you | 0:18:43 | 0:18:46 | |
walking along the beach with a suitcase, | 0:18:46 | 0:18:49 | |
they'd know what was up and they'd go up and tell Mum. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
Was she a scary lady? Oh, was she ever?! | 0:18:51 | 0:18:53 | |
You wouldn't want to tangle with her. No way! | 0:18:53 | 0:18:56 | |
So what's that bag on your shoulder there, Doug? | 0:18:56 | 0:18:58 | |
Oh, that's the actual toll bag. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:00 | |
That's what they collected the toll in. I see! | 0:19:00 | 0:19:03 | |
You can even see Great Ocean Road | 0:19:03 | 0:19:05 | |
is scratched into the front of the bag there. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:08 | |
And what's this? A-ha! | 0:19:08 | 0:19:09 | |
Now that's the lady herself. | 0:19:09 | 0:19:12 | |
This is Mrs Wright. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:13 | |
Nobody got past her. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:14 | |
HE CHUCKLES | 0:19:14 | 0:19:15 | |
A bit like an encounter with Mrs Wright, | 0:19:18 | 0:19:20 | |
the new road wasn't for the faint-hearted. | 0:19:20 | 0:19:22 | |
Was it a dangerous road, though? | 0:19:24 | 0:19:26 | |
People THOUGHT it was dangerous because they were frightened. | 0:19:26 | 0:19:28 | |
Because they could see the sea way down below them there, | 0:19:28 | 0:19:31 | |
beckoning them to come, you know. | 0:19:31 | 0:19:33 | |
Come over the side. | 0:19:33 | 0:19:35 | |
There were quite a few went over the road | 0:19:35 | 0:19:37 | |
but they were pushed over for insurance. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
They didn't... They were! | 0:19:40 | 0:19:41 | |
They didn't...they didn't go over by accident. | 0:19:41 | 0:19:43 | |
That happened a fair bit. | 0:19:43 | 0:19:45 | |
In 1936, the road was fully handed over to the state | 0:19:45 | 0:19:48 | |
and the tolls removed. | 0:19:48 | 0:19:51 | |
CONTEMPORARY RECORDING: 'I have very much pleasure to open the toll gate | 0:19:51 | 0:19:54 | |
'and declare the road a public highway | 0:19:54 | 0:19:56 | |
'as a gift from the Great Ocean Road Trust.' | 0:19:56 | 0:19:59 | |
Today, the Great Ocean Road stretches 243 kilometres | 0:20:02 | 0:20:05 | |
from Allansford near Warrnambool to Torquay | 0:20:05 | 0:20:08 | |
and in 2011, it was added to the Australian National Heritage List, | 0:20:08 | 0:20:13 | |
in recognition of its iconic status. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:15 | |
Above all, though, it remains a premium | 0:20:19 | 0:20:21 | |
Australian touring experience, | 0:20:21 | 0:20:22 | |
thanks to the diggers of World War I. | 0:20:22 | 0:20:26 | |
For the next stop on our journey, I'm back on the shores of Melbourne. | 0:20:30 | 0:20:33 | |
But there's nothing genteel about my destination this time. | 0:20:34 | 0:20:38 | |
I've come to a suburb with a rather chequered past, | 0:20:38 | 0:20:42 | |
and a little-known connection with Hollywood! | 0:20:42 | 0:20:45 | |
St Kilda. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:50 | |
During the 1800s, | 0:20:50 | 0:20:51 | |
this place was a welcome retreat from inner Melbourne, | 0:20:51 | 0:20:54 | |
where sewage and waste from houses and stables | 0:20:54 | 0:20:58 | |
emptied into open drains. | 0:20:58 | 0:21:00 | |
This was just a quick 15 minute tram ride from the city centre. | 0:21:00 | 0:21:05 | |
It became the preferred suburb of the rich, | 0:21:05 | 0:21:07 | |
and they built their houses on the surrounding hills | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
and down on the waterfront. | 0:21:10 | 0:21:11 | |
Everybody else came here just to promenade | 0:21:11 | 0:21:13 | |
and peacock and people-watch. | 0:21:13 | 0:21:15 | |
But the Great Depression of the 1890s transformed | 0:21:16 | 0:21:19 | |
both St Kilda and the mansions of the rich, | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
which were turned into brothels, theatres and guesthouses. | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
That changing status coincided | 0:21:29 | 0:21:31 | |
with the rise of boardwalk carnival culture that had sprung up | 0:21:31 | 0:21:35 | |
in the USA, with the likes of New York's Coney Island. | 0:21:35 | 0:21:39 | |
An American entrepreneur and film fanatic, JD Williams | 0:21:41 | 0:21:45 | |
wanted to recreate that experience here | 0:21:45 | 0:21:48 | |
and in 1912 he opened Luna Park. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:51 | |
This rare footage | 0:21:55 | 0:21:56 | |
of what is now the oldest continuously operating | 0:21:56 | 0:21:59 | |
roller coaster in the world | 0:21:59 | 0:22:01 | |
was filmed by Williams himself. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:03 | |
A year after Luna Park opened, | 0:22:05 | 0:22:07 | |
Williams returned to Hollywood | 0:22:07 | 0:22:09 | |
and set up the film distribution company | 0:22:09 | 0:22:11 | |
that would later become Warner Brothers. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:14 | |
In this photo, he can be seen with Charlie Chaplin, | 0:22:16 | 0:22:20 | |
the biggest movie star of the day. | 0:22:20 | 0:22:22 | |
St Kilda's Luna Park is no longer | 0:22:26 | 0:22:28 | |
the cultural game changer it once was. | 0:22:28 | 0:22:31 | |
But don't worry, | 0:22:31 | 0:22:33 | |
this fun park is a stayer. | 0:22:33 | 0:22:35 | |
Apart from breaks for restoration | 0:22:35 | 0:22:37 | |
it's never closed, | 0:22:37 | 0:22:38 | |
maybe because it lets us take a step back | 0:22:38 | 0:22:41 | |
to a simpler time. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:43 | |
And it's fun! | 0:22:46 | 0:22:47 | |
Honestly(!) | 0:22:50 | 0:22:51 | |
I could ride this thing for hours, | 0:22:55 | 0:22:56 | |
but I need to say farewell to this city | 0:22:56 | 0:22:59 | |
and we have to move on. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:01 | |
Follow the curve of Port Phillip Bay south | 0:23:03 | 0:23:06 | |
and you'll find yourself on the Mornington Peninsula. | 0:23:06 | 0:23:09 | |
Nestled across on its eastern side facing the ocean | 0:23:09 | 0:23:13 | |
is a town named after the great explorer Matthew Flinders. | 0:23:13 | 0:23:17 | |
Marine ecologist Dr Emma Johnston is on an expedition herself | 0:23:18 | 0:23:23 | |
to uncover the secrets hidden beneath the town's pier | 0:23:23 | 0:23:27 | |
and their link to a tragic piece of history. | 0:23:27 | 0:23:30 | |
In 2002, the Victorian government | 0:23:30 | 0:23:33 | |
wanted to choose a new marine emblem for the state | 0:23:33 | 0:23:37 | |
so it organised a public vote. | 0:23:37 | 0:23:39 | |
Over 24,000 votes were cast | 0:23:39 | 0:23:42 | |
and there was one clear winner - | 0:23:42 | 0:23:44 | |
the little chap in this beautiful photograph, | 0:23:44 | 0:23:47 | |
the weedy seadragon. | 0:23:47 | 0:23:49 | |
These beautiful creatures are rare, | 0:23:51 | 0:23:53 | |
and in my years of diving I've never seen one. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:56 | |
'It really would be a thrill | 0:24:00 | 0:24:02 | |
'to examine the weedy seadragon close up - they fascinate me! - | 0:24:02 | 0:24:05 | |
'so I've tracked down marine researcher | 0:24:05 | 0:24:09 | |
'Richard Wylie who took that award-winning photo.' | 0:24:09 | 0:24:12 | |
Well, one of the favourite spots for weedy seadragons | 0:24:13 | 0:24:16 | |
is near pier pilings, | 0:24:16 | 0:24:18 | |
so let's hope there's a few hanging round here. | 0:24:18 | 0:24:21 | |
With the light filtering down under the pier, | 0:24:23 | 0:24:26 | |
there's an almost ethereal quality | 0:24:26 | 0:24:28 | |
to the water here | 0:24:28 | 0:24:30 | |
that's actually rather beautiful. | 0:24:30 | 0:24:32 | |
The dragons are masters of disguise - | 0:24:34 | 0:24:37 | |
almost impossible to find. | 0:24:37 | 0:24:40 | |
'But not long into our dive, | 0:24:43 | 0:24:45 | |
'in amongst all the weed...' | 0:24:45 | 0:24:48 | |
Oh, my gosh! It's absolutely beautiful! | 0:24:48 | 0:24:50 | |
I think it might be the most beautiful creature | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
I've seen underwater. | 0:24:53 | 0:24:55 | |
They're like brilliant little critters, aren't they? | 0:24:55 | 0:24:58 | |
It doesn't seem to be scared by me, at all. | 0:24:58 | 0:25:01 | |
They tend to spend quite a lot of their time | 0:25:02 | 0:25:05 | |
just hanging around the one spot. They don't move very far. | 0:25:05 | 0:25:08 | |
They're actually spend most of their time just drifting. | 0:25:08 | 0:25:11 | |
In fact, an adult seadragon may only move about 100 metres | 0:25:11 | 0:25:15 | |
through their whole life. | 0:25:15 | 0:25:18 | |
Are you going to be able to get some good shots of it? | 0:25:18 | 0:25:20 | |
I think I can. | 0:25:20 | 0:25:23 | |
'Today however, the conditions mean | 0:25:23 | 0:25:25 | |
'there'll be no award winners snapped in my presence.' | 0:25:25 | 0:25:28 | |
But I reckon just seeing the weedy seadragon was reward enough. | 0:25:32 | 0:25:35 | |
And these little creatures | 0:25:37 | 0:25:39 | |
have had a fan club for over a century, | 0:25:39 | 0:25:42 | |
well before Richard snapped them on this state-of-the-art technology. | 0:25:42 | 0:25:45 | |
'Back on dry land, marine educator Harry Breidahl | 0:25:48 | 0:25:51 | |
'is about to show me the proof that the elusive seadragon | 0:25:51 | 0:25:55 | |
'was first documented by an extraordinary artist | 0:25:55 | 0:25:58 | |
'with an extraordinary story, 130 years ago.' | 0:25:58 | 0:26:03 | |
Wow! | 0:26:03 | 0:26:05 | |
What a BEAUTIFUL drawing! | 0:26:05 | 0:26:07 | |
It is one of my absolute favourites. | 0:26:07 | 0:26:09 | |
I think I fell in love with it many years ago. | 0:26:09 | 0:26:14 | |
It's just a fantastic example of how art and science | 0:26:14 | 0:26:18 | |
come together in a picture. | 0:26:18 | 0:26:20 | |
If you look at the next one. | 0:26:20 | 0:26:23 | |
Oh! That's a local lobster. Even more detail! It is. | 0:26:23 | 0:26:26 | |
Wow! | 0:26:26 | 0:26:27 | |
And I just... I'm amazed at the illustrator's ability | 0:26:27 | 0:26:31 | |
to show that detail. | 0:26:31 | 0:26:33 | |
And who did these pictures? | 0:26:35 | 0:26:37 | |
A wonderful gentlemen called Ludwig Becker. | 0:26:37 | 0:26:39 | |
German-born Ludwig Becker was a genuinely fascinating chap, | 0:26:41 | 0:26:45 | |
who'd arrived in Australia in 1851. | 0:26:45 | 0:26:47 | |
A skilled artist, he was also a keen astronomer and geologist. | 0:26:49 | 0:26:54 | |
He was like sort of a gentleman naturalist of the age. | 0:26:54 | 0:26:57 | |
He turned his hand to anything and was good at it. | 0:26:57 | 0:27:01 | |
His talents were such that in 1860 | 0:27:01 | 0:27:04 | |
Becker joined the Burke and Wills expedition, | 0:27:04 | 0:27:07 | |
which aimed to travel from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria. | 0:27:07 | 0:27:11 | |
Once under way, however, it quickly became clear | 0:27:13 | 0:27:16 | |
that expedition leader Robert Burke | 0:27:16 | 0:27:18 | |
felt Becker's scientific activities were holding things up. | 0:27:18 | 0:27:22 | |
Six weeks into the trip, he took action. | 0:27:23 | 0:27:27 | |
If you read some of his diaries... That's a bit of his diary? Yep. | 0:27:27 | 0:27:30 | |
October, 1860. | 0:27:30 | 0:27:33 | |
"Mr Burke told us that from today we had to walk inch for inch | 0:27:33 | 0:27:36 | |
"all the way up to the Gulf of Carpentaria. | 0:27:36 | 0:27:39 | |
"To me he said, 'From this time you have | 0:27:39 | 0:27:41 | |
"'to give up your scientific investigations, | 0:27:41 | 0:27:44 | |
"'but to work like the rest of the men.'" Oh. | 0:27:44 | 0:27:46 | |
Becker struggled on but, sadly, seven months later, | 0:27:48 | 0:27:50 | |
he succumbed to scurvy and dysentery. | 0:27:50 | 0:27:53 | |
It was a heart-breaking end | 0:27:55 | 0:27:58 | |
for a truly talented man. | 0:27:58 | 0:28:00 | |
But his work is still being exhibited - | 0:28:00 | 0:28:02 | |
proof of his ability to capture | 0:28:02 | 0:28:04 | |
the essence of the region's wildlife, | 0:28:04 | 0:28:06 | |
wildlife which continues to inspire Becker's modern day contemporaries. | 0:28:06 | 0:28:12 | |
The next step of our journey | 0:28:17 | 0:28:19 | |
takes us to Cape Otway. | 0:28:19 | 0:28:21 | |
This is where the Southern Ocean | 0:28:21 | 0:28:23 | |
hits the southern shores of the Australian mainland. | 0:28:23 | 0:28:26 | |
The waves here are funnelled into what is still one of the most | 0:28:26 | 0:28:29 | |
hazardous shipping lanes in the world, | 0:28:29 | 0:28:32 | |
and for early immigrants, | 0:28:32 | 0:28:33 | |
running the gauntlet here could be a terrifying experience. | 0:28:33 | 0:28:36 | |
I'm on a mission to discover how one building | 0:28:39 | 0:28:41 | |
that was constructed in the nick of time, | 0:28:41 | 0:28:43 | |
helped in the creation of a new colony. | 0:28:43 | 0:28:46 | |
You might think it'd be difficult | 0:28:51 | 0:28:54 | |
to hide a 240-kilometre-wide strip of ocean. | 0:28:54 | 0:28:56 | |
But for the first 10 years of colonial settlement in Australia, | 0:28:58 | 0:29:01 | |
that's exactly what Bass Strait managed to do. | 0:29:01 | 0:29:05 | |
The Bass Strait is the body of water that separates Tasmania | 0:29:07 | 0:29:11 | |
from mainland Australia. | 0:29:11 | 0:29:13 | |
But while some explorers suspected its existence, | 0:29:13 | 0:29:16 | |
until 1798, | 0:29:16 | 0:29:18 | |
no-one could be sure that Van Diemen's Land, | 0:29:18 | 0:29:22 | |
as it was known then, was actually an island. | 0:29:22 | 0:29:24 | |
That year, the strait was discovered by Matthew Flinders and George Bass. | 0:29:26 | 0:29:31 | |
Now ships on their way to Melbourne and Sydney | 0:29:31 | 0:29:33 | |
no longer had to pass underneath Tasmania, | 0:29:33 | 0:29:36 | |
but could take a short cut | 0:29:36 | 0:29:38 | |
that shaved a week off their journey from Britain. | 0:29:38 | 0:29:42 | |
But just finding the gap between the mainland and King Island, | 0:29:42 | 0:29:45 | |
88 kilometres offshore from here, | 0:29:45 | 0:29:47 | |
was no easy task. | 0:29:47 | 0:29:49 | |
Sailing through here became known as | 0:29:51 | 0:29:53 | |
"threading the eye of the needle". | 0:29:53 | 0:29:56 | |
The new route was also treacherous, | 0:29:57 | 0:30:00 | |
and from the moment it was discovered, | 0:30:00 | 0:30:03 | |
the strait proved a graveyard to shipping. | 0:30:03 | 0:30:05 | |
But...a saviour was at hand. | 0:30:07 | 0:30:09 | |
'But exactly what persuaded the authorities | 0:30:12 | 0:30:14 | |
'to build this lighthouse? | 0:30:14 | 0:30:18 | |
'I've joined Paul Thompson, manager of the Cape Otway light | 0:30:18 | 0:30:21 | |
'to learn more.' | 0:30:21 | 0:30:22 | |
It was really when 1845 comes along and 399 people lost their life | 0:30:22 | 0:30:26 | |
off the ship the Cataraqui | 0:30:26 | 0:30:29 | |
crashing into the western coast of King Island. | 0:30:29 | 0:30:31 | |
And it was really that Australia needed a population to come here, | 0:30:31 | 0:30:35 | |
to emigrate, that the authorities thought, | 0:30:35 | 0:30:37 | |
"Right, we need a lighthouse here at Cape Otway, | 0:30:37 | 0:30:39 | |
"let's find the money to build it." | 0:30:39 | 0:30:40 | |
I usually think of lighthouses as being a warning, you know, keep off, | 0:30:40 | 0:30:45 | |
but it sounds as though Cape Otway lighthouse is saying, | 0:30:45 | 0:30:49 | |
"Come here!" | 0:30:49 | 0:30:51 | |
This is known as a landfall light. | 0:30:51 | 0:30:52 | |
So what this is saying is, "Hello! Hello! This is Cape Otway. I'm here. | 0:30:52 | 0:30:56 | |
"You've arrived. You've made it to Australia. Well done." | 0:30:56 | 0:30:58 | |
It's not telling you to avoid a reef | 0:30:58 | 0:31:00 | |
it's saying "Keep me in sight." Yeah, "This way. Come through here." | 0:31:00 | 0:31:03 | |
And it was known as "the beacon of hope". | 0:31:03 | 0:31:06 | |
Immigrants coming to Australia. | 0:31:06 | 0:31:07 | |
They'd been sailing for two, three - maybe up to four months - | 0:31:07 | 0:31:10 | |
without seeing any land, and when they see that beacon. | 0:31:10 | 0:31:12 | |
that Cape Otway light station, "Oh, thank goodness, we've arrived." | 0:31:12 | 0:31:16 | |
"We've made safe passage. | 0:31:16 | 0:31:17 | |
"We have the entrance, the guiding light into Australia." | 0:31:17 | 0:31:20 | |
Two years after the lighthouse was completed, | 0:31:20 | 0:31:22 | |
gold was discovered in Victoria, | 0:31:22 | 0:31:24 | |
and the volume of passing traffic rocketed. | 0:31:24 | 0:31:27 | |
That was the huge time. | 0:31:28 | 0:31:30 | |
The population explosion in Victoria | 0:31:30 | 0:31:31 | |
and you would have looked out on this ocean | 0:31:31 | 0:31:33 | |
and you'd have seen big clipper ships - | 0:31:33 | 0:31:35 | |
60, 70, up to 80 ships a day - passing through Bass Strait. | 0:31:35 | 0:31:38 | |
Wow! Really! So, it was an amazingly busy highway. | 0:31:38 | 0:31:41 | |
Gosh, it was built just in time! Yeah, exactly. Yeah. | 0:31:41 | 0:31:43 | |
"Whenever I smell salt water, | 0:31:46 | 0:31:48 | |
"I know I'm not far from one of the works of my ancestors." | 0:31:48 | 0:31:52 | |
Those words were penned by the Scottish novelist | 0:31:52 | 0:31:55 | |
Robert Louis Stevenson, in 1880. | 0:31:55 | 0:31:58 | |
But he might just as well have been writing about this | 0:31:58 | 0:32:01 | |
lighthouse station half a world away. | 0:32:01 | 0:32:03 | |
Robert's own father was one of four generations of | 0:32:07 | 0:32:09 | |
Lighthouse Stevensons, as they were known - | 0:32:09 | 0:32:13 | |
engineering men who built every lighthouse in Scotland. | 0:32:13 | 0:32:17 | |
The Cape Otway light is based on those Scottish lighthouses, | 0:32:17 | 0:32:21 | |
built without any mortar, | 0:32:21 | 0:32:23 | |
but rather interlocking stones - | 0:32:23 | 0:32:25 | |
an inherently stronger design. | 0:32:25 | 0:32:27 | |
Such was the salvation this lighthouse offered, | 0:32:29 | 0:32:31 | |
it's been suggested by some | 0:32:31 | 0:32:33 | |
that without the Cape Otway Light Station the colony in NSW | 0:32:33 | 0:32:37 | |
and the birth of Victoria might not have come to pass! | 0:32:37 | 0:32:40 | |
You up there, Pat? Yeah. mate. Come on up! | 0:32:41 | 0:32:44 | |
From 1987 to '91, Pat Howell was the proud custodian of the light, | 0:32:44 | 0:32:49 | |
and its traditions. | 0:32:49 | 0:32:52 | |
There was enormous amount of shipping - | 0:32:52 | 0:32:54 | |
an enormous amount of lives were in your hands. | 0:32:54 | 0:32:57 | |
And that's got handed down too through the... | 0:32:57 | 0:33:00 | |
through the decades, I guess - down and down and down - | 0:33:00 | 0:33:03 | |
and even at the end you were still dedicated, | 0:33:03 | 0:33:06 | |
you still, you know, come up here. | 0:33:06 | 0:33:08 | |
You still polish the damn thing. | 0:33:08 | 0:33:11 | |
Because Cape Otway was a beacon, it needed a very bright light. | 0:33:11 | 0:33:15 | |
This Fresnel lens, made of heavy lead crystal | 0:33:16 | 0:33:20 | |
concentrated a one million candlepower beam | 0:33:20 | 0:33:23 | |
that could be seen almost 50 kilometres away. | 0:33:23 | 0:33:26 | |
It weighs 2.5 tonnes and in today's money is worth about $5 million! | 0:33:28 | 0:33:34 | |
Are there any of the practices and traditions | 0:33:36 | 0:33:38 | |
of the very first lighthouse keepers | 0:33:38 | 0:33:40 | |
that you still maintained in your time? | 0:33:40 | 0:33:44 | |
Yeah. Actually, the dedication was the same! | 0:33:44 | 0:33:47 | |
Because it was handed down. | 0:33:47 | 0:33:48 | |
As you become a keeper you just had certain things | 0:33:48 | 0:33:51 | |
that you were taught that the keeper that taught you had been taught. | 0:33:51 | 0:33:54 | |
You done the cleaning of a Friday, | 0:33:54 | 0:33:56 | |
because they'd done that 200 years ago. | 0:33:56 | 0:33:58 | |
You still come up here when it was electric. | 0:33:58 | 0:34:00 | |
Matter-of-fact, when it was automated and I didn't have to come up, | 0:34:00 | 0:34:04 | |
I'd still come up and walk around the balcony - | 0:34:04 | 0:34:06 | |
look at sea, and put Bass Strait to sleep, if you like. | 0:34:06 | 0:34:09 | |
Just make sure everything was right out there. | 0:34:09 | 0:34:11 | |
You couldn't see any ships or smaller vessels in strife. | 0:34:11 | 0:34:14 | |
And then go back up and watch the footy or something. | 0:34:14 | 0:34:17 | |
As ships reached Cape Otway, | 0:34:19 | 0:34:20 | |
news of their safe passage would be passed on. | 0:34:20 | 0:34:23 | |
It was here, that passing ships | 0:34:26 | 0:34:27 | |
laden with their human and commercial cargo, | 0:34:27 | 0:34:30 | |
reported safe arrival in Australia - | 0:34:30 | 0:34:33 | |
the first anyone would have heard from them | 0:34:33 | 0:34:35 | |
after lonely months at sea. | 0:34:35 | 0:34:37 | |
And that information was relayed back to London | 0:34:37 | 0:34:40 | |
from telegraph machines like this one. | 0:34:40 | 0:34:42 | |
But as the populations of Sydney and Melbourne grew, | 0:34:44 | 0:34:46 | |
the most important message getting back to the motherland, | 0:34:46 | 0:34:49 | |
via Cape Otway, was a simple one. | 0:34:49 | 0:34:53 | |
"The growth of a brave new world is well under way." | 0:34:53 | 0:34:56 | |
At almost 2,000 square kilometres, | 0:35:07 | 0:35:09 | |
Port Phillip Bay is the largest sea water bay | 0:35:09 | 0:35:12 | |
in the southern hemisphere. | 0:35:12 | 0:35:14 | |
It's basically a huge shallow pan | 0:35:14 | 0:35:16 | |
with a maximum depth of 24 metres. | 0:35:16 | 0:35:19 | |
Virtually unaffected by tide | 0:35:20 | 0:35:21 | |
or geographical features, | 0:35:21 | 0:35:23 | |
this bay is one of the world's best waterways for sailing. | 0:35:23 | 0:35:27 | |
Andrew MacDougall is the world's leading designer of a unique | 0:35:28 | 0:35:32 | |
sailing craft - the moth. | 0:35:32 | 0:35:34 | |
At the last Moth World Championships | 0:35:34 | 0:35:36 | |
his design took the top six places | 0:35:36 | 0:35:38 | |
and it's a class he's passionate about, | 0:35:38 | 0:35:41 | |
mainly because of the freedom it offers designers. | 0:35:41 | 0:35:43 | |
The moth class is a class like no other - | 0:35:44 | 0:35:48 | |
it's the only class in the world that has no real restrictions. | 0:35:48 | 0:35:51 | |
And you can do anything. | 0:35:51 | 0:35:53 | |
The very first moth was actually | 0:35:55 | 0:35:57 | |
built in 1928 in Inverloch | 0:35:57 | 0:35:59 | |
only about 100 kilometres from here. | 0:35:59 | 0:36:01 | |
In the last 85 years, it's undergone numerous design changes | 0:36:02 | 0:36:05 | |
but it was only ten years ago | 0:36:05 | 0:36:08 | |
that these craft started flying on foils. | 0:36:08 | 0:36:11 | |
The moth would have to be | 0:36:12 | 0:36:14 | |
the fastest dinghy on the planet, | 0:36:14 | 0:36:16 | |
by a long way. | 0:36:16 | 0:36:18 | |
The record is 32 knots which is just on 60K. | 0:36:18 | 0:36:22 | |
It's just simply ridiculously fast. | 0:36:22 | 0:36:26 | |
Everything goes quiet. Everything is smooth. | 0:36:26 | 0:36:28 | |
It's indescribable. | 0:36:28 | 0:36:29 | |
Andrew's boat may be futuristic, | 0:36:31 | 0:36:33 | |
but he sails it within touching distance | 0:36:33 | 0:36:35 | |
of an unusual reminder of Australia's maritime past. | 0:36:35 | 0:36:38 | |
This is the wreck of the Cerberus - | 0:36:40 | 0:36:43 | |
the first naval ship constructed for the defence of Australia in 1869, | 0:36:43 | 0:36:47 | |
and one with a colourful history. | 0:36:47 | 0:36:50 | |
Two crews mutinied on its delivery trip from England, | 0:36:50 | 0:36:53 | |
and it was the first warship to pass through the Suez Canal. | 0:36:53 | 0:36:57 | |
But once it got here, | 0:36:58 | 0:36:59 | |
the Cerberus never fired a shot in anger | 0:36:59 | 0:37:02 | |
and it never left Port Phillip Bay. | 0:37:02 | 0:37:05 | |
In 1926, it was sunk as a breakwater. | 0:37:05 | 0:37:08 | |
Today, it provides a spectacular backdrop to a boat | 0:37:08 | 0:37:12 | |
at the cutting edge of design and performance. | 0:37:12 | 0:37:15 | |
Travel just a few kilometres along the shoreline | 0:37:29 | 0:37:32 | |
from the wreck of the Cerberus | 0:37:32 | 0:37:33 | |
and you'll find yourself at a beach-side suburb where | 0:37:33 | 0:37:36 | |
the first Australian impressionists drew their inspiration. | 0:37:36 | 0:37:39 | |
And it's not hard to see why. | 0:37:41 | 0:37:42 | |
But palaeontologist Professor Tim Flannery hasn't come here to paint | 0:37:45 | 0:37:49 | |
he's come in search of prehistoric monsters. | 0:37:49 | 0:37:52 | |
This is Beaumaris, | 0:37:53 | 0:37:55 | |
and if I'd been here five million years ago these waters would've been | 0:37:55 | 0:37:59 | |
really shark infested. | 0:37:59 | 0:38:01 | |
'I'm meeting Victorian palaeontologist Dr Erich Fitzgerald. | 0:38:01 | 0:38:05 | |
'His passion is investigating the evolution of aquatic vertebrates | 0:38:05 | 0:38:09 | |
'and this is virtually his back yard.' | 0:38:09 | 0:38:12 | |
Hi, Erich. Oh, g'day, Tim. How are things? Yeah, good. | 0:38:12 | 0:38:16 | |
So, Erich, what's so special about this place? | 0:38:16 | 0:38:19 | |
Well, Tim, at Beaumaris, just underneath the surface of the water, | 0:38:19 | 0:38:22 | |
we've got fossils of lots of extinct animals | 0:38:22 | 0:38:25 | |
but also animals still alive today. | 0:38:25 | 0:38:27 | |
OK. And what were they like? How big were they? | 0:38:27 | 0:38:30 | |
Well, for example, there was a shark the length of a city bus. | 0:38:30 | 0:38:33 | |
There was a penguin as tall as a man. | 0:38:33 | 0:38:35 | |
And there was even extinct killer sperm whales. | 0:38:35 | 0:38:39 | |
'Well, I want to get my hands on some hard evidence that these | 0:38:39 | 0:38:41 | |
'incredible creatures actually existed. | 0:38:41 | 0:38:44 | |
'It's time for a fossil hunt.' | 0:38:44 | 0:38:46 | |
All right, mate. Now look I've got the secret weapon here just in case | 0:38:46 | 0:38:49 | |
we find the big fella. Oh, I can't believe it. | 0:38:49 | 0:38:52 | |
I should have done that! It is an unfair advantage. | 0:38:52 | 0:38:54 | |
Five to six million years ago, | 0:38:57 | 0:38:58 | |
the climate here was two to three degrees warmer. | 0:38:58 | 0:39:02 | |
There was a diversity of species simply not seen here today. | 0:39:04 | 0:39:08 | |
This really was the lost Serengeti of the seas. | 0:39:08 | 0:39:11 | |
I'm just hoping I've found better proof of that than Erich! | 0:39:16 | 0:39:20 | |
Look at this. I've got a good swag here. | 0:39:20 | 0:39:21 | |
The old swag bag came in useful. You actually found something? | 0:39:21 | 0:39:25 | |
I did. Look, there's a lump of whalebone. Oh, yeah. | 0:39:25 | 0:39:27 | |
Yep, so it is. Very nice. | 0:39:27 | 0:39:29 | |
And a beautiful fossil oyster. Oh, right. Quite a large one. Yeah! | 0:39:29 | 0:39:33 | |
That's a nice thing to get. | 0:39:33 | 0:39:35 | |
And a rib of a dolphin or something like that. Fantastic. Quite nice. | 0:39:35 | 0:39:38 | |
But Erich's come up with something exceptional. | 0:39:38 | 0:39:41 | |
Come on...! Look at that. | 0:39:41 | 0:39:44 | |
Can you believe it? | 0:39:44 | 0:39:45 | |
Look that is the tinniest find ever! | 0:39:45 | 0:39:48 | |
Oh, I see! | 0:39:48 | 0:39:49 | |
I see its got a museum number on there. | 0:39:49 | 0:39:52 | |
All right, all right....! OK, you're right, I didn't find that now, | 0:39:52 | 0:39:55 | |
but that is a tooth of the giant extinct shark Megalodon. | 0:39:55 | 0:39:58 | |
Aren't they magnificent things! | 0:39:58 | 0:40:00 | |
It is. That is extraordinary. | 0:40:00 | 0:40:02 | |
Erich's trickery aside, this massive tooth is real. | 0:40:02 | 0:40:06 | |
The Megalodon did swim in what would ultimately become | 0:40:06 | 0:40:10 | |
Port Phillip Bay up until about one and a half million years ago. | 0:40:10 | 0:40:14 | |
And this pumped-up great white was a true terror of the seas. | 0:40:14 | 0:40:19 | |
But I want to know just how big it was. | 0:40:22 | 0:40:24 | |
So we're going to compare it with its direct descendant | 0:40:24 | 0:40:26 | |
the great white. | 0:40:26 | 0:40:28 | |
Three...four...five... | 0:40:28 | 0:40:30 | |
You're going to give it six? ..six! | 0:40:30 | 0:40:32 | |
That's a huge great white, isn't it? | 0:40:32 | 0:40:34 | |
Most are three to five metres. | 0:40:34 | 0:40:36 | |
But we'll give him the benefit of the doubt at six? Yep. | 0:40:36 | 0:40:38 | |
And six metres is an exceptional specimen by today's standards. | 0:40:38 | 0:40:42 | |
But the great white's a mere baby compared to the Megalodon. | 0:40:42 | 0:40:45 | |
16 metres! | 0:40:45 | 0:40:47 | |
That's a whale-sized predatory shark. | 0:40:47 | 0:40:49 | |
That is extraordinary. | 0:40:49 | 0:40:51 | |
Certainly is. | 0:40:51 | 0:40:53 | |
And this monstrous predator had a mouth to match. | 0:40:54 | 0:40:57 | |
At full gape, Tim... | 0:41:00 | 0:41:01 | |
My goodness, look at that! | 0:41:01 | 0:41:03 | |
..that's going to be able to swallow you and I | 0:41:03 | 0:41:05 | |
straight down the hatch almost. | 0:41:05 | 0:41:07 | |
It wouldn't need to chew. No. We'd just be going down the well. | 0:41:07 | 0:41:10 | |
Exactly. | 0:41:10 | 0:41:11 | |
If our earliest human ancestors had felt like taking a dip, | 0:41:11 | 0:41:16 | |
they could have encountered a creature | 0:41:16 | 0:41:17 | |
that could exert the most powerful bite in history. | 0:41:17 | 0:41:20 | |
But why did it, and the other giant creatures around here, | 0:41:23 | 0:41:27 | |
disappear from the waters of Beaumaris? | 0:41:27 | 0:41:30 | |
What actually happened to cause that extinction? | 0:41:30 | 0:41:32 | |
Well, the key here is food. | 0:41:32 | 0:41:34 | |
Take away a bounty of food resources | 0:41:34 | 0:41:36 | |
that can support giant sharks | 0:41:36 | 0:41:38 | |
and that amounts to a big change in environment. | 0:41:38 | 0:41:41 | |
And I think that's the key - climatic changes, | 0:41:41 | 0:41:43 | |
changes in ocean currents and temperature | 0:41:43 | 0:41:45 | |
and also decreases in production of the food these animals fed on | 0:41:45 | 0:41:49 | |
led to the end of that lost world. | 0:41:49 | 0:41:52 | |
Right, so less productive environment, less food... | 0:41:52 | 0:41:55 | |
The things that eat the most food, go extinct. Exactly. | 0:41:55 | 0:41:58 | |
And so today what we're left with in southern Australia | 0:41:58 | 0:42:02 | |
is really but a shadow of the former glory | 0:42:02 | 0:42:04 | |
of the mega fauna of Beaumaris. | 0:42:04 | 0:42:06 | |
Our trip now takes us beyond the confines of Port Phillip Bay, | 0:42:08 | 0:42:12 | |
to a coastline of wild weather, | 0:42:12 | 0:42:14 | |
waves and beaches. | 0:42:14 | 0:42:16 | |
Across Australia, there are over 11,000 beaches, | 0:42:17 | 0:42:20 | |
but here in Victoria, | 0:42:20 | 0:42:22 | |
there's one that's renowned for both the quality of its surf | 0:42:22 | 0:42:25 | |
and its role in Australian surfing history. | 0:42:25 | 0:42:28 | |
It's called Bells Beach | 0:42:28 | 0:42:30 | |
and Miriam Corowa has tracked down someone who can unravel its secrets. | 0:42:30 | 0:42:34 | |
It's not hard to see the surf here is something special, | 0:42:36 | 0:42:40 | |
but to find out just why the waves here are so good, | 0:42:40 | 0:42:43 | |
I'm meeting geomorphologist Dale Appleton. | 0:42:43 | 0:42:46 | |
He's both an expert on the local land and sea formations | 0:42:46 | 0:42:49 | |
and a keen surfer. | 0:42:49 | 0:42:52 | |
What's happening here at Bells Beach | 0:42:52 | 0:42:53 | |
to make these waves the way they are? | 0:42:53 | 0:42:55 | |
The secret, Miriam, is pretty simple. | 0:42:55 | 0:42:58 | |
It's two things. It's the bathymetry - | 0:42:58 | 0:43:00 | |
the shape of the underwater sea bed out here, | 0:43:00 | 0:43:03 | |
and, of course, the waves. | 0:43:03 | 0:43:04 | |
I mean, look at the waves. | 0:43:04 | 0:43:06 | |
So it's the swell | 0:43:07 | 0:43:09 | |
and also what's going on underneath the water that's the secret? | 0:43:09 | 0:43:12 | |
That's right, the mix of the both. | 0:43:12 | 0:43:14 | |
And if you have a look over here at Bells headland, behind us here, | 0:43:14 | 0:43:17 | |
you can see that angle driving down - that's solid limestone. | 0:43:17 | 0:43:21 | |
That limestone exists as a beautiful shelf | 0:43:21 | 0:43:24 | |
that goes right the way out to sea. | 0:43:24 | 0:43:26 | |
It's a constant slope out like this. | 0:43:26 | 0:43:29 | |
I couldn't imagine an engineer | 0:43:29 | 0:43:31 | |
that could've done a better job, I would say. | 0:43:31 | 0:43:33 | |
Bells perfection has led it to play a key role | 0:43:33 | 0:43:36 | |
in the development of surfing here. | 0:43:36 | 0:43:38 | |
In 1962, it hosted its first competition. | 0:43:41 | 0:43:45 | |
11 years later, a $2,500 prize fund | 0:43:45 | 0:43:50 | |
made it Australia's first professional event. | 0:43:50 | 0:43:53 | |
Each year the world's top surfers converge on this spot | 0:43:54 | 0:43:57 | |
and vie for the right to ring the bell on the winner's trophy. | 0:43:57 | 0:44:01 | |
'But year upon year, | 0:44:07 | 0:44:10 | |
'the consistency and quality of the waves here | 0:44:10 | 0:44:13 | |
'continue to delight pros | 0:44:13 | 0:44:15 | |
'and amateurs alike.' | 0:44:15 | 0:44:17 | |
What's it like for you when you're out surfing those waves? | 0:44:17 | 0:44:20 | |
I well remember the first wave I ever caught out there, | 0:44:20 | 0:44:23 | |
when I took the bottom turn | 0:44:23 | 0:44:25 | |
and I looked along the face and went - whoa! | 0:44:25 | 0:44:28 | |
It's like roaring along the side of a block of flats that go for ever. | 0:44:29 | 0:44:32 | |
Yeah, it's great! | 0:44:33 | 0:44:35 | |
This beach has inspired passion and progress in equal measure. | 0:44:35 | 0:44:40 | |
But it's only when you see these waves with your own eyes that | 0:44:40 | 0:44:44 | |
you really appreciate how the elements, the earth and the sea | 0:44:44 | 0:44:48 | |
have all worked together to produce a genuine surfing masterpiece. | 0:44:48 | 0:44:53 | |
We're getting towards the end of our journey now | 0:44:56 | 0:44:59 | |
and we may have saved the best till last. | 0:44:59 | 0:45:01 | |
Because this is, without a doubt, | 0:45:02 | 0:45:04 | |
one of the most spectacular sights in Australia. | 0:45:04 | 0:45:07 | |
But it's a sight that can change before your very eyes. | 0:45:08 | 0:45:12 | |
I've come here to see how an Australian icon | 0:45:14 | 0:45:16 | |
is both vanishing... | 0:45:16 | 0:45:18 | |
and being re-built at the same time! | 0:45:18 | 0:45:20 | |
This is Port Campbell National Park. | 0:45:23 | 0:45:26 | |
For millions of years, | 0:45:29 | 0:45:30 | |
coastal erosion working on the softer deposits in the bottom layers | 0:45:30 | 0:45:34 | |
of the limestone here, | 0:45:34 | 0:45:36 | |
has carved out hollows in the cliffs. | 0:45:36 | 0:45:38 | |
Over time, those hollows became caves | 0:45:41 | 0:45:45 | |
and the caves became arches. | 0:45:45 | 0:45:47 | |
During the last 6,000 years or so - and that's a blink of time, | 0:45:48 | 0:45:53 | |
given that the Port Campbell limestone is pegged at | 0:45:53 | 0:45:56 | |
between 15 and 20 million years old - the arches collapse, | 0:45:56 | 0:46:00 | |
leaving behind these spectacular, almost sculpted features | 0:46:00 | 0:46:05 | |
known as sea stacks. | 0:46:05 | 0:46:07 | |
Every year over a million people come to see what are now | 0:46:07 | 0:46:10 | |
called the Twelve Apostles. | 0:46:10 | 0:46:12 | |
Although when Victorian tourism officials gave them that name in 1922 | 0:46:13 | 0:46:17 | |
there were only nine stacks standing. | 0:46:17 | 0:46:20 | |
Today, just seven remain. | 0:46:20 | 0:46:23 | |
In 2005, this apostle tumbled into the sea. | 0:46:23 | 0:46:27 | |
Four years later, another followed suit. | 0:46:29 | 0:46:31 | |
It's anyone's guess which one will leave us next. | 0:46:33 | 0:46:35 | |
But don't worry about the apostles. | 0:46:37 | 0:46:40 | |
There will always be more - monumental forces | 0:46:40 | 0:46:43 | |
are still at work borrowing, ferreting, | 0:46:43 | 0:46:46 | |
finding the paths of least resistance, | 0:46:46 | 0:46:49 | |
so that these cliffs are always being reworked and re-sculpted. | 0:46:49 | 0:46:53 | |
Just give it a few centuries, or even millennia. | 0:46:53 | 0:46:56 | |
But there's really only one way to fully appreciate | 0:47:05 | 0:47:08 | |
this magnificent construct of nature. | 0:47:08 | 0:47:11 | |
Given that this is the Shipwreck Coast, | 0:47:24 | 0:47:26 | |
it's probably safer to see it from the air than from the sea! | 0:47:26 | 0:47:30 | |
I'm leaving this journey, | 0:47:35 | 0:47:36 | |
and the company of the seven remaining apostles. | 0:47:36 | 0:47:39 | |
I just wonder how many will be here when I return? | 0:47:40 | 0:47:43 | |
This is undoubtedly a coastline marked | 0:47:50 | 0:47:52 | |
by triumph and tragedy | 0:47:52 | 0:47:54 | |
and by wild weather and waves. | 0:47:54 | 0:47:56 | |
Next time, Coast travels to the Northern Territory... | 0:48:02 | 0:48:06 | |
..and there will be blood as Dr Emma Johnston discovers... | 0:48:08 | 0:48:12 | |
We've got the croc blood! | 0:48:12 | 0:48:14 | |
..Professor Tim Flannery unearths an uncomfortable truth... | 0:48:14 | 0:48:18 | |
It was this country | 0:48:18 | 0:48:19 | |
that defeated the greatest empire the world's ever seen - | 0:48:19 | 0:48:22 | |
the British Empire. | 0:48:22 | 0:48:23 | |
..Dr Xanthe Mallett confronts a floating wall of death... | 0:48:23 | 0:48:27 | |
Do you reckon that's anchored to the bottom then? | 0:48:27 | 0:48:30 | |
Absolutely. | 0:48:30 | 0:48:31 | |
..and I investigate a siege. | 0:48:31 | 0:48:33 | |
The attack has gone down in history as Australia's Pearl Harbor. | 0:48:34 | 0:48:38 | |
But for now, it's goodbye. | 0:48:38 | 0:48:41 | |
I've got to fly! | 0:48:41 | 0:48:43 |