Episode 17 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. It's the first match in the second round tonight.

16 teams have made it through to this stage

and as a reward, from now on, they're going to find the questions

get just that little pleasurable bit harder.

The winners in this round go through to the quarterfinals immediately.

The team from Leeds University is one of the youngest in the contest with an average age of 19.

They scored 220 in their first-round match against Goldsmiths College, London

by knowing all about Russian authors, SI units

and what King Ferdinand of Naples liked to do when his wife wasn't watching.

Let's meet them again.

I'm Lucy Bennett from Wigan and I'm studying English and French.

I'm Peter Hufton from Mansfield and I'm studying theoretical physics.

-And their captain.

-I'm Lewis Mills from St Albans and I'm studying biology.

I'm Christian Mannsaker from Newcastle. I'm studying classical civilisation.

APPLAUSE

The team from Clare College, Cambridge

won their first-round match against Worcester College, Oxford by a margin of only ten points.

Helping them on to victory was their knowledge of English kings, the seven deadly sins

and some of the world's more ludicrous world championships.

Let's see what they can come up with tonight.

I'm Chris Cao from Oxfordshire and I'm studying mathematics.

I'm Daniel Janes from east London and I'm studying history.

-Their captain.

-I'm Jonathan Burley from Buckinghamshire and I'm studying physics.

I'm Jonathan Foxwell from Surrey and I'm reading natural sciences.

APPLAUSE

OK, fingers on buzzers. Here's your first starter for 10.

Which short adjective means guttural rather than sibilant when applied to consonants,

orthographically necessary when referring to hyphens

and difficult to lather when describing water?

-Hard?

-Hard is right, yes.

Right, Clare College, your bonuses are on an island group.

Yell and Unst are among the islands of which group

on a similar latitude to Anchorage and St Petersburg?

(The Faroes?)

(The Faroes?)

-The Faroe Islands?

-No, the Shetland Islands.

Meaning "end of the holiday", what name is given to the festival held in Lerwick every January,

beginning with a torch-lit procession

and culminating in the burning of a full-size replica Viking long ship?

-I have no idea.

-The Wicker Man?

-Pass.

-It's Up Helly Aa.

Prior to 1469, Shetland and Orkney belonged to which country,

whose king pledged them as a dowry for his daughter

on her marriage to King James III of Scotland?

-Denmark.

-Correct. Another starter question.

Quote, "The name can mean an arched window to let in the light

"or a surgical instrument to cut out the dross,

"and I intend to use it in both senses."

These are the words of the founder of which periodical,

first published in 1823?

-Lancet.

-The Lancet is right, yes.

Your bonuses are on Simon Schama's "A History of Britain".

I want you to identify the monarch he's describing.

Quote, "With her heart-shaped face, creamy complexion,

"auburn hair and almond-shaped, heavy-lidded eyes,

"she evidently had the stuff to make men, especially poets, pant with dreams of possession.

"She was, however, not just a pretty face"

-Elizabeth I.

-No, it was Mary Queen of Scots.

"He was ruthless in war, yet capable of falling apart

"when the queen, who had borne him 15 children, died.

"His mettle had been tested early and often by bungled military campaigns in Wales

"and by falling hostage, literally, to a great civil war."

Try Edward II.

-Edward II.

-No, Edward I.

Finally, "You could practically smell the testosterone.

"Any way and anywhere he could flash his burly energy, he flashed it,

"in the saddle, on the dance floor or on the tennis court."

-Henry VIII.

-Correct. Another starter question.

What word formerly referred to boys who served as pages to knights,

and therefore not old enough to fight on horseback,

and later came to denote a body of foot soldiers?

-Squire.

-No. Anyone like to buzz from Leeds?

-Footman?

-No, it's infantry. Ten points for this.

The son of a political exile, which member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

completed The Girlhood of Mary Virgin in 1849?

Dante Gabriel Rossetti.

Correct.

Your bonuses this time are on human physiology.

What common name is given to the substance found in the blood, brain and gastrointestinal tract

which plays in an important part in haemostasis

and is involved in sleep, mood changes and prolactin secretion?

THEY WHISPER

Any other ideas? Melatonin.

Melatonin.

No, it's serotonin.

Which hormone is produced from serotonin

and fluctuates in concentration, being at its highest in darkness

and is thought to help regulate circadian rhythms?

-That is melatonin.

-It is.

Which small gland in the brain synthesises melatonin

and plays an important role in determining seasonal breeding patterns in some mammals?

(Is it pineal or pituitary?)

Pineal or pituitary.

-Pineal.

-Correct.

Ten points for this starter question.

In standard SI units, what measures 9.78 metres-per-second...?

Acceleration due to gravity.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on an artist, Leeds.

Known for an enthusiastic assessment of his own talent as "close to Picasso",

which US artist's works include many made by gluing plates to canvas and painting over them,

such as the 1982 piece Humanity Asleep?

-(Rothko?)

-OK.

Rothko?

No, it's Julian Schnabel.

Schnabel made his directorial debut with the 1996 film

about which Caribbean-American painter

who first came to notice as a graffiti artist

but died of a heroin overdose at the age of 27?

(Basquiat. I don't know how you say it.)

-Nominate.

-No, don't, because I don't know how you say it!

-Basquiat?

-Nominate Bennett.

-Basquiat?

-Correct.

Which 2007 film by Schnabel was an adaptation of a memoir

by former editor-in-chief of Elle Magazine Jean-Dominique Bauby

written after a stroke that paralysed all but his left eye?

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly.

-The Diving Bell and the Butterfly.

-Correct.

In plant tissue, what material is produced by the phellogen,

a specialised meristem in plants

which undergo secondary thickening, the product from Quercus...?

Wood. Er... Sorry, I didn't really think through what you said.

Anyone like to... You can hear the rest... You lose five points, too.

..the product from Quercus suber has numerous commercial applications?

-Rubber?

-No, it's cork. Ten points for this.

"Never very far from the actual formalities of song and dance,

"the long last act is half mask and half play,

and in song and dance, the play ends."

The words of critic Harley Granville-Barker describe which Shakespeare play,

set mainly in the park of the King of Navarre?

-Love's Labour's Lost.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

A set of bonuses now on writer's private lives.

Henrietta Godolphin, second Duchess of Marlborough, was the lover of which playwright?

He is believed to have fathered her child, Mary, in 1723

and was also known to be close to the actress Anne Bracegirdle,

for whom he wrote parts in several of his works.

-Moliere.

-I don't know.

Was Moliere even around then?

Come on.

-No.

-William Congreve.

"Remember thee! Remember thee! Till lethe quench life's burning stream,

"Remorse and shame shall cling to thee

"And haunt thee like a feverish dream!"

Which Romantic poet wrote those lines

as a rejection of the repeated advances of his former lover?

-Is it William Blake?

-I don't think so. Byron? Shelley?

It could be Byron.

-Er, Lord Byron?

-Correct.

Who, between 1660 and 1669, chronicled his affairs

with William Bagwell's wife, Jane Welsh, the servant of his barber,

Sarah from the Swan Inn, Betty Martin and Deb Willet,

the latter being his own wife's maidservant?

-Roxborough?

-It could be Pepys.

It might be Pepys, actually.

John Wilmot.

Lots of different answers.

Nominate Bennett.

-John Wilmot.

-No. You're thinking of Rochester. It's Samuel Pepys.

We're going to take a picture round. You'll see a series of chemical formulae.

For ten points, give me the name of the series.

It doesn't look as if anybody's going to buzz.

-BUZZER

-It's the Mohs scale. Too late.

Picture bonuses shortly. Another starter question.

Which element comes next in this sequence, given in reverse order by atomic number:

bismuth, lead, thallium, mercury and what?

Platinum.

No. Anyone like to buzz?

-Gold?

-Gold is correct.

APPLAUSE

We go back to the Mohs scale,

which was created by the German Friedrich Mohs

as a way of comparing the hardness of minerals.

Your picture bonuses are photographs of three minerals that appear on the Mohs scale,

alongside specific chemical formulae for them.

Five points for each you can name.

First for five, this mineral.

THEY WHISPER

Corundum?

-Corundum.

-No, that is Topaz.

Secondly...

Any ideas?

THEY WHISPER

-Corundum?

-That is corundum.

Finally, this material?

-Diamond.

-Diamond.

Correct. Having fought with distinction at the battles of Richfield and Saratoga,

which US general's name became a byword for treachery when...?

-Benedict Arnold.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Clare, are on political siblings.

Ed and David Miliband were the first brothers to hold positions in the same cabinet

since Edward and Oliver Stanley in the government of which prime minister?

Er, try Disraeli.

-Disraeli.

-No, it was Neville Chamberlain. 1938.

The brother and sister who both contested seats in Somerset in the general election of 2010

are the children of which former editor of The Times?

Rees-Mogg.

-Nominate Janes.

-William Rees-Mogg.

-Correct.

Which siblings, one representing Wallasey and the other Garston and Halewood,

held office as ministers of state in Gordon Brown's government?

-The Eagles. Oh!

-Nominate Janes.

-The Eagles?

-Do you remember their first names?

-Angela and Maria?

-Correct! Well done.

-APPLAUSE

A starter question.

Which English translation of the German word "auch"

shares its spelling with a German translation of the English word "thus"?

-Is it "also"?

-It is! Yes.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time, Clare College, are on infectious disease.

To which genus of bacteria did the causative agents of human and bovine tuberculosis belong?

THEY WHISPER

..they're really thick-walled bacteria.

-Bacillus.

-No, that's anthrax.

-That's true.

-Come on. Let's have an answer, please.

-Any ideas?

-Bacillus.

-Bacillus.

No, it's mycobacterium or mycobacteria.

What is the common name for Hansen's disease,

a disfiguring infection caused by a species of mycobacterium?

-Leprosy.

-Leprosy.

Correct. Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905,

which German physician discovered the tuberculosis bacillus in 1877?

-Koch.

-Koch.

-Correct.

Another starter question.

Infinitesimals and fluxions

were terms originally used in which branch of mathematics...?

-Calculus.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time are on films of the 1950s.

Born in Mississippi in 1897, which author's works include the 1940 novel The Hamlet,

filmed in 1958, with Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward and Orson Welles

under the title "The Long, Hot Summer"?

-William Faulkner?

-Faulkner.

-Faulkner is correct.

"Suddenly, Last Summer",

released in 1959, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Katherine Hepburn,

was based on the play of the same name by which US dramatist, born in 1914?

Neil Simon?

He's not as old as that.

1914...

Oh, try... No. Try Neil Simon.

-Neil Simon.

-It's Tennessee Williams.

Later adapted as a stage musical entitled "A Little Night Music",

"Smiles of a Summer Night", released in 1955,

is by which Scandinavian director, born in 1918?

-Nominate Janes.

-Ingmar Bergman?

-You're quite right.

A music round now.

You're going to hear a piece of classical music taken from an opera, which premiered in 1911.

For ten points, I simply want the name of the composer.

WOMAN SINGS IN GERMAN

Is it Mahler?

No. Anyone like to buzz? You may hear a little more actually, Clare.

MUSIC RESUMES

-Strauss?

-Which one?

-Richard.

Richard Strauss is right. Der Rosenkavalier.

2011 is the centenary year of the premier of Der Rosenkavalier.

Three more extracts from operas of varying styles

also celebrating their anniversary in 2011.

In each case, I want the name of the composer.

Firstly for five, the Hungarian composer of this piece...

DRAMATIC INSTRUMENTAL

Bartok. MUSIC DROWNS OUT SPEECH

ALL: Bartok.

-Barson.

-Bartok!

-Bartok. Sorry!

I have to accept the answer you give. You obviously misheard it.

-Bluebeard's Castle.

-Sorry.

-You were given the right information, but you misheard it.

OK, secondly for five. The American composer of this piece...

JOLLY MUSIC

MUSIC DROWNS OUT SPEECH

Just say Gershwin. Gershwin!

-Nominate Janes.

-George Gershwin?

Scott Joplin. Finally, the French composer of this...

MAN SINGS IN FRENCH

Debussy?

Yes. Debussy.

-Debussy.

-No, it's Maurice Ravel.

Ten points for this starter. What name is the first, middle and surname respectively

of the authors of The Old Devils, The Naked and the Dead...?

-Kingsley.

-Kingsley is right, yes.

Right, your questions this time are on the names of wars.

Firstly for five. The conflict, often called the English Civil War,

is sometimes given what name by historians,

including Trevor Royle in the subtitle of his work of 2005

to take into account the simultaneous fighting in Scotland and Ireland?

-Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

-Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Correct. The 18th-century war called the Third Carnatic War in India,

the French and Indian war in the United States

and the third Silesian War in Central Europe

is known by what name in the UK?

-War of the Austrian Succession.

-The Seven Years' War is what it's normally known as.

Fought between Britain and Spain from 1739 to 1748,

La Guerra Del Asiento, meaning the War Of The Contract,

is known in English by what name?

Er, that's the war of the... Oh, no. The War of Jenkins' Ear.

-Nominate Janes.

-War of Jenkins' Ear.

-Correct.

Another starter question.

Named after the man who raised the first seedlings in Britain,

what name is given to the fast-growing tree

that is a natural hybrid of the Nootka Cypress from Alaska

and the Monterey Cypress from California?

Is it the London plane?

No. Someone buzz from Leeds.

They're the notorious Leylandii. Ten points for this.

What female-given name links Picasso's mistress from 1935 to '45,

the alias given by Freud to Ida Bauer,

whom he diagnosed as an hysteric in 1900,

and the acronym of the Act of Parliament

that restricted licensing hours during...?

-Dora.

-Dora is right, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on the philosophy of religion.

Give the two-word expression used to denote the following arguments.

After a French philosopher, the argument that belief in God is the best bet,

for to make the bet can mean to win all and to lose is to lose nothing?

-Hang on, does he want Pascal's Wager or Pascal?

-Pascal's Wager.

-Pascal's Wager.

-Correct.

After an English philosopher, born 1872, a celestial item of crockery,

used in an analogy, it attempts to transfer the burden of proof

from those arguing against the existence of God to those arguing for it?

-Russell's teapot.

-Correct. From a medieval English philosopher,

the principle that entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity?

Occam's razor.

-Occam's razor.

-Correct. Another starter.

In electromagnetism, the time-averaged value of what vector, named after its inventor,

gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum?

-Is it the Poynting vector?

-It is a Poynting vector, yes.

Your bonuses, Clare College, are on French dramatists.

The 17th-century dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin,

described by Voltaire as the painter of France,

is better known by what stage name adopted about 1643?

-Nominate Janes.

-Moliere.

-Moliere is right.

Which of Moliere's contemporaries, known for his tragedies Andromaque and Phedre,

also wrote one comedy, Les Plaideurs, a satire on the French legal system?

-Racine.

-Correct.

Which 11th-century Spanish soldier and national hero

was the subject of a tragedy by Pierre Corneille in 1637

which had huge popular success but sparked a literary controversy?

-El Cid.

-Correct.

We're going to take a second picture round now.

You'll see a photograph of an ancient artefact.

Ten points if you can give me the two-word name

of the site where it was discovered.

-Sutton Hoo.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

We follow the Sutton Hoo helmet

with three more photos of items from archaeological finds in England,

all of them quite recent discoveries.

Five points if you can name the county in which each was found.

Firstly this, unearthed in 2009?

-(It could've been Staffordshire.)

-(It could be.)

-Staffordshire?

-It's part of the Staffordshire Hoard.

Secondly, the county where this find was discovered in 2010?

-Bedfordshire?

-No. Somerset. They're 3rd-century coins.

Finally, the county where this was discovered, also in 2010?

-It might be Bath. Where's Bath?

-Somerset.

-Somerset.

-No, that's Cumbria.

Ten points for this. Which statesman was ultimately replaced as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party

after being named as co-respondent in the divorce proceedings instigated in 1889...?

-Charles Parnell.

-Charles Stewart Parnell is correct.

This set of bonuses are on thermometers.

Which English scientist gives his name to the first successful modern maximum-minimum thermometer,

demonstrated in 1782?

Kelvin did one, but I don't know if that's it.

The Kelvin Scale comes pretty late on. Who else?

You've got Fahrenheit. Who else?

It's the name of a thermometer.

-I think we need an answer.

-Pass.

James Six.

The constant volume gas thermometer is used to calibrate thermometers

from which standard reference temperature,

given the value of 273.16 Kelvin?

-Triple point of water.

-Correct.

Resistance thermometers are sensors based on predictable changes in electrical resistance,

almost all of them being made of which metal?

It's going to be gold or...

-You can't just say gold.

-I don't think that's right.

-Let's have an answer, please!

-Gold.

-No, it's platinum.

What number links the year of Galileo's first astronomical observations with a telescope

to the number of metres in a mile?

1,706...

No, that's totally wrong!

Anyone want to buzz from Clare?

It's 1609. You were thinking of the number of yards. 10 points for this.

What surname links the Austrian conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1904,

the German artist of the 2007 pixelated stained-glass window for Cologne Cathedral

and the US seismologist who gave his name for a scale for expressing the...?

-Is it Richter?

-Richter is right, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Clare College, your bonuses are on US presidential running mates.

Whom did Ronald Reagan choose as his running mate in 1980?

He'd been a Texas congressman, ambassador to the United Nations and Director of the CIA?

-George H W Bush.

-Correct.

In 1988, George Bush Snr picked as his running mate

which gaffe-prone senator, noted for misspelling the word potato?

He was upbraided in a debate when he compared himself to Jack Kennedy.

-Dan Quayle.

-Correct.

In 1992, Bill Clinton chose which future Nobel Prize winner to be his running mate?

-Al Gore.

-Correct.

Four minutes to go.

Listen carefully. If Nebraska is neon

and Arkansas is argon,

what's Missouri?

-Molybdenum?

-It is, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Postal abbreviations and chemical symbols.

Right, Leeds, some bonuses for you on astronomy.

I want the month in which each of the following meteor showers occurs or reaches its peak intensity.

Firstly, for five points, the Leonids?

-August?

-No, it's November.

The Orionids and Draconids?

-February?

-No, that's October.

The Perseids and Kappa Cygnids?

-April.

-No, it's August.

-LAUGHTER

-OK, another starter question.

MRSA is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin.

To which class of antibiotics does methicillin belong?

Er, methicillins. Penicillins, sorry.

Penicillins, I'll accept. Beta-lactams, yes.

You get a set of bonuses on a theologian.

Born 1033 and regarded as the founder of scholasticism,

which Benedictine monk expounded the ontological proof in the existence of God in his proslogion?

-Nominate Cao.

-Is it Anselm?

-It is.

Anselm became Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of which king,

who'd kept it vacant for several years to exploit its revenues?

William II.

-William II.

-That's right.

In 1720, Pope Clement XI bestowed what title on Anselm,

shared, among others, by St Augustine and Pope Gregory I

and acknowledging the significance of his writing to the Catholic church as a whole?

-The Greats.

-The Greats.

-No, it's Doctor of the Church.

Two and a half minutes to go. Klaus Roth, Michael Atiyah,

Alan Baker, Simon Donaldson, Timothy Gowers and Richard...?

-Fields Medal.

-Fields Medals are correct. All winners thereof.

Your bonuses this time are on rivers.

The name of which river of south England means

"principle male sex hormone" and "evidence given in a court of law"?

-THEY WHISPER

-Test.

-Correct.

The name of which Cornish river appears at the start of words

meaning "severe form of malaria" and "Spanish fascist movement"?

Fal. F-A-L. So...

-What begins with Fal?

-Falmouth.

-Falmouth.

-No, that's the mouth.

-The Fal.

-Correct.

The name of which West Country river begins with words meaning "critical interpretation of a text"

and the stage direction for "they go out"?

ALL: Exe.

-Exe.

-Correct.

Another starter. What Greek name links the ancient cities of a boy king,

who may've married his half-sister,

and a mythical king who did marry his mother?

Is it Oedipus?

No. Anyone like to have a buzz from Leeds?

Hippolytus?

No, Thebes. Ten points for this. St Genevieve is the patron saint of which city?

She's said to have saved it in 451 by diverting an attack by Attila and his Huns

and was buried there around the year 500?

Milan?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Clare?

-Byzantium Constantinople.

-No, it's Paris.

Often capitalised to identify a specific entity,

what astronomical term is derived from the Greek word for milk?

-Galaxy.

-Correct. Your bonuses are on public protests.

Name the prime minister in office when the following occurred.

Women's Sunday, June 21st, in Hyde Park,

at which more than 200,000 gathered to demands women's suffrage?

Asquith? THEY WHISPER

-Come on!

-Asquith.

-It was.

The Jarrow March from Tyneside to London, protesting against unemployment?

The Jarrow March was in the 1920s, '26.

-Come on!

-Try Stanley Baldwin.

-Stanley Baldwin.

-It was.

Finally, the first Aldermaston March against nuclear weapons?

-McMillan.

-McMillan.

-It was. 1958. Ten points for this...

The letters Y, K and J appear in succession in the names of which capital city?

-Reykjavik.

-Reykjavik is right. Your bonuses...

-END-OF-SHOW GONG

-At the gong, Leeds have 65.

Clare College have 320.

Well, Leeds,

it wasn't a great performance, let's be frank!

But you're an entertaining team. Thank you for playing the game. We have to say goodbye to you.

320 is a very, very impressive score.

We shall look forward to seeing you in the next stage of the competition.

I hope you can join me next time for another second-round match.

-Until then, it's goodbye from Leeds University...

-ALL: Bye.

-..goodbye from Clare.

-ALL: Goodbye!

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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