Episode 18 University Challenge


Episode 18

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University Challenge! Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman!

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Hello. It was La Rochefoucauld who observed that we're all strong enough

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to bear the misfortunes of others, and last time, Clare College, Cambridge proved him right

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when they beat Leeds University by a 255 point margin

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to become the first team to go through to the quarter-finals.

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Whichever team wins tonight will join them.

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Birmingham University had a very comfortable win over at Trinity College, Cambridge

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in their first-round match, holding the lead throughout and winning 225-105.

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On that occasion, they quickly hit their stride with their knowledge of the Urals,

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rivers flowing north and contemporary comedians,

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but they struggled a bit on musical insects,

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and they don't seem to read a great deal of Tolkien.

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Let's see how they get on tonight.

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Hi, I'm Thomas Farrell, I'm from Southend

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and I'm studying physics with particle physics and cosmology.

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All right, I'm Kirk Surgener, I'm from Northampton and I'm studying philosophy.

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Their captain.

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Hi, I'm Oliver Jeacock, I'm from Buckinghamshire and I'm studying chemistry.

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Hello, I'm Elliot Rhodes, I'm from Sutton Coldfield and I'm studying mathematics.

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APPLAUSE

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Newcastle University scored 235 in their first round match against Queens University, Belfast,

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whose almost Trappist reticence left them with a mere 85.

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On that occasion, Newcastle demonstrated a familiarity with cheesemaking and early navigation,

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and were reassuringly ignorant of some of the most hideous warblings

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ever to come out of the Eurovision Song contest.

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With only a ten point difference between their first-round scores,

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between the two teams this could be a close match.

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Let's ask Newcastle to introduce themselves again.

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Hi, my name's Ben Dunbar, I'm from Hayward, Greater Manchester,

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and I'm studying for a Masters degree in public health and health services research.

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Hello, I'm Ross Dent, I'm from Chester-le-Street in County Durham, and I study economics.

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And their captain.

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Hello, I'm Eleanor Turner, I'm from London, and I'm studying medicine.

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Hi, I'm Nicholas Pang, I'm from Malaysia, and I'm also studying medicine.

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APPLAUSE

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OK, the rules are unchanging, ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses,

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five point penalties for incorrect interruptions to starter questions.

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Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

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Meanings of what six letter word include an animal of the phylum porifera,

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a loose, fluffy cathode deposit in electrolysis, a porous metal obtained by reduction

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without fusion, a piece of cleaning equipment and a type of cake?

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Sponge?

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-Yes.

-APPLAUSE

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The first set of bonuses, Newcastle, are on historical events.

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Firstly, for five, which historical event took place just after dawn on 28 April, 1789,

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off the volcanic island of Tofua in the South Pacific?

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Eruption of Krakatoa?

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No, it wasn't. It was the mutiny on HMS Bounty.

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In the years after the Bounty mutiny, William Bligh became captain of HMS Director,

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part of the fleet in which, in 1797, a mutiny occurred

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at which Royal Navy anchorage at the mouth of the Thames?

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Dartford?

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Dartford? No, you're thinking of Dartmouth, and that's in Devon. No, it's the Nore.

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And finally, during the so-called Rum Rebellion of 1808,

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discontented troops led by Lieutenant-Colonel George Johnston took Bligh into custody

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while he was serving as governor of which Australian state?

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Victoria?

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No, New South Wales. Ten points for this.

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Originally built by Henry VIII on the site of a leper hospital,

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which Palace was the chief royal residence in London from 1698 until 1837,

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when Queen Victoria established Buckingham Palace as the monarch's main London home?

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Westminster?

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No. Anyone like to buzz from Newcastle?

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Hampton Court Palace?

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No, it's St James's Palace. Ten points for this starter question.

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Born in 1853, which Danish microbiologist gives his name

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to a differential staining technique used to divide bacteria into two groups, depending...

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Gram?

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Gram is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses now, Newcastle, are on a musical instrument.

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The dulzian, the sordoni and the curtal are earlier versions

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of which double reed instrument of the orchestra?

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Bassoon?

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Correct. Using the highest notes of the instrument's range, a bassoon solo

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opens Stravinsky's score for which ballet,

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first performed in Paris in 1913, with choreography by Nijinsky?

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Cinderella?

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No, it's The Rite Of Spring.

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In Prokofiev's Peter And The Wolf, a bassoon plays the theme depicting which human character?

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The grandfather?

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Correct. Another starter question. Captain Scott's meteorologist,

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the Scottish obstetrician who introduced ether and chloroform as anaesthetics in childbirth,

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and the English cyclist who died during the Tour de France in 19...

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Simpson?

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Simpson is right, yes.

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Your bonuses are on an ancient city, Newcastle.

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Which city was a Roman colony under Julius Caesar,

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is known for St Paul's letters to its people,

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and has given its name to one of the classical orders of architecture?

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Corinth...er...Corinthia?

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-No, it's Corinth.

-Corinth!

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You were in the right place, but the name of the city was what was asked for.

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And secondly, for five points, the Isthmus of Corinth joins the Peloponnese to mainland Greece,

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and separates the Saronic Gulf, an inlet of the Aegean Sea,

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from the Gulf of Corinth, an inlet of which sea?

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Come on, let's have an answer, please.

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Adriatic?

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No, it's the Ionian Sea. Which naval battle of 1571 was a victory for the Holy League

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over the Ottoman Empire, and took place between the Gulf of Corinth and the Gulf of Patras?

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-Nominate Pang.

-Lepanto?

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Lepanto is correct, yes.

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Right, we're going to take our first picture round.

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Ten points if you can tell me the name of the space mission associated with this image.

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Voyager?

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No, anyone like to have a go from Newcastle?

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Gemini?

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No, it's Pioneer.

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So, we're going to take another starter question, and picture bonuses in a moment or two.

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Immediately before its independence in 1960,

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the territory that is now the Somali Republic had been governed in two parts,

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as a British protectorate, and as a colony of which other...

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Italy.

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Italy is right, yes.

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Now, that plaque you saw earlier was attached to Pioneer 10 and 11.

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Launched in the early 1970s, they were the first probes to leave our solar system.

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The information on the plaque was designed to be understood by extra-terrestrial intelligence,

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so we'll see what you four can make of it.

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Firstly, depicted in blue at A,

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this image represents the hyperfine transition of which element?

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Oxygen?

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No, it's hydrogen.

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Secondly, what stellar objects lie at the ends of the radial lines at B?

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The planets?

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No, they're pulsars.

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And finally, what is the object highlighted in green behind the human figures at C?

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A satellite dish?

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No!

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No, what a terrible sign of our civilisation!

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No, it's not, it's the space probe itself. Ten points for this.

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What term is used in psychoanalysis to describe the diversion of a drive

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towards a non-sexual aim or a socially valued object in chemistry...

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Sublimation?

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Sublimation is right.

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OK, you're off the mark, Birmingham. These bonuses are on taxonomy.

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In 1990, which US microbiologist proposed a system of biological classification

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based on genetic relationships that divided all organisms into three domains?

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-Pass.

-It's Carl Richard Woese.

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Secondly, for five points, its name reflecting their ancient lineage, which domain contains methanogens,

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extremophiles and other microorganisms with distinctive membrane and cell wall structures?

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-Nominate Farrell.

-Archea?

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Correct. Containing plants and animals, which domain is characterised by organisms

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whose cells contain structures enclosed within membranes?

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Eukaryote?

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Eukaryote is correct, yes. Ten points for this.

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What term denotes the ancient Hebrew marriage custom or law which, in some circumstances,

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obliges a man to marry his brother's childless widow in order to maintain his brother's line?

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-Kashrut?

-No. Anyone like to buzz from Birmingham?

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It's levirate. Ten points for this.

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In The Waste Land, to which play by Shakespeare is TS Eliot referring in the opening

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lines of part two, "The chair she sat in like a burnished throne..."

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Antony and Cleopatra.

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Yes.

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Right, Newcastle. Your bonuses are on parodies of well-known poems from Pistache,

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a 2006 work by Sebastian Faulks.

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In each case, listen to the extract, and name the poet it parodies.

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Firstly, "In his love nest down in Peckham, Dad has left his girl asleep.

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"Through the gridlock out to Barking, sees his bronze Toyota creep."

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-Let's have it, please.

-Betjeman?

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Correct. "So, twice five yards of blighted ground, with scaffolding was fenced around,

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"where blossomed the odd apple-bearing tree, beneath the gormless eyes of Sky TV."

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Housman?

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No, he's parodying Coleridge's Kubla Khan. And finally,

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"If you can never fail to write a headline and cap it off with some moronic pun,

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"yours is the earth when comes the final deadline, and which is more, you'll be iconic, Sun."

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Kipling.

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Indeed, advice for a journalist. Right, another starter question now.

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Bennis and Gingelis are alternative names for which seeds? They are used for baking,

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as a source of oil in margarine and cosmetics, and form the basis of the paste tahini.

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Sesame seeds.

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Correct. Your bonuses this time are on the 17th century, Newcastle.

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Artemisia Gentileschi, who died in the mid-1650s, was an early female exponent of what field?

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She followed the profession of her father,

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whose patrons included King Charles I, the Vatican and the Medicis.

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Painting?

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Correct. Which architect died in 1652? His achievements included the Queen's house at Greenwich,

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the banqueting hall in Whitehall and the introduction of movable scenery to the English stage?

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Let's have it, please.

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-Wren?

-No, it's Inigo Jones.

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The Milkmaid, Young Girl with Flute and Woman with a Water Jug

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are among works of the 1650s by which painter, born in Delft?

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Vermeer?

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Correct. We're going to take a music round, now.

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For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of 19th century music.

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Ten points if you can name the composer.

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Wagner?

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No...

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Brahms.

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No, it was Sullivan. It was the overture to HMS Pinafore.

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So, music bonuses shortly. Ten points for this starter question.

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Used figuratively to mean sloth or apathy, what term is defined in physics

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as the property of a body proportional...

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Inertia?

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Inertia is right.

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So, you get the music bonuses.

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They are more pieces of classical music by three British composers born during the 19th century.

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Five points a time for each composer you can name. Firstly, for five.

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Let's have an answer, please.

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Holst?

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No, it's Delius' prelude to Irmelin.

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And secondly, the composer of this piece.

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Elgar?

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No, that's Parry. And finally,

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Holst?

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That was Holst, yes.

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Neptune, from The Planets. Ten points for this.

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First produced commercially in the United States

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in 1932 from the polymerisation of chloroprene,

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Neoprene serves as a synthetic form of which natural material?

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Silk?

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No. Anyone like to buzz from Newcastle?

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Rubber?

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Rubber is correct. Your bonuses now are on cities in the US state of Ohio.

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Firstly, which city on Lake Erie by the border with Michigan,

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shares its name with a historic city and World Heritage Site south of Madrid?

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Toledo?

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Correct. Situated on the Ohio-Kentucky border,

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which city is named after a Roman dictator of the fifth century BC

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who returned to his farm after victory in battle,

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and was thus seen as embodying the ideal of selfless service to the Republic?

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Agricola?

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No, it's Cincinnati.

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Which city on Lake Erie, close to the border with Pennsylvania,

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is home to both the online comic strip character Yehuda Moon, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?

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Cleveland?

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Cleveland is right. Ten points for this starter question. The capital of Nebraska, a west coast state,

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an avenue in New York, a dam...

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Lincoln?

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No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

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A dam on the Arizona-Colorado border and a space Centre in Florida

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all share names with men who have held which office?

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Presidents of the USA?

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Correct.

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Right, some bonuses, at last, for you guys. They're on the sciences.

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Messier Object number one is a nebula in Taurus,

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believed to be the remnant of a supernova observed in 1054 by Chinese and Arabian astronomers,

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and has what common name referring to its shape?

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Crab?

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Crab is correct. Secondly, for five points, ocypodidae is a crab family that includes the ghost crabs

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and the genus given what name, after the characteristic up and down motion

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of the small claw against the large claw when feeding?

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Pincer?

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No, they're fiddler crabs. And finally, George Crabbe, the English poet and naturalist,

0:18:190:18:23

was the author of a 1790 essay on the natural history of which region

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on the borders of Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire?

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Sherwood Forest?

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No, it's the Vale of Belvoir. Ten points for this. "Some lovers try positions that they can't handle"

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is a mnemonic for the eight bones in which joint of the human...

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The wrist?

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The wrist is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses, Newcastle, this time are on black and white flags.

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Consisting of nine black and white horizontal stripes with

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the top left quarter spotted to symbolise ermine,

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the Gwenn-ha-du flag is the official flag of which region of France?

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Brittany?

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Correct. A moor's head in black with a white bandana on a white background

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comprises the flag of which Mediterranean island?

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Let's have it, please.

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Sicily?

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No, it's Corsica. Established in 1701 and part of Germany from 1871,

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which kingdom had a variety of black and white flags,

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ultimately derived from the banner of the Teutonic Knights?

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Bavaria?

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No, it's Prussia. We're going to take our second picture round now.

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For your picture starter, you'll see a painting.

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Ten points if you can give me the name of the artist.

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Bridget Riley?

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Correct.

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You're going to see three more paintings now in the geometric abstract style,

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all from the early 20th century. Five points for each artist you can name. Firstly, for five.

0:20:000:20:07

Rodchenko?

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No, it's Malevich. Secondly,

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Rodchenko?

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No, that's Theo van Doesburg. And finally,

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Picasso?

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No, that's Wassily Kandinsky. Ten points for this starter question.

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What word links a gold coin issued by Edward III and equal to half a Florin,

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a former name for a lion passant guardant in heraldry,

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and a large feline with the binomial Panthera Pardus?

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Leopard?

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Leopard is correct, yes.

0:20:540:20:56

Your bonuses, Newcastle, this time are on coups d'etat.

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In 2004, Mark Thatcher, the son of the former Prime Minister,

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was accused of backing a plot to overthrow the government of which small African country?

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Equatorial Guinea?

0:21:080:21:09

Correct. In 2006, which author admitted his involvement in a 1973 plot

0:21:090:21:14

to overthrow the government of Equatorial Guinea,

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in circumstances similar to the plot of his novel The Dogs of War?

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Frederick Forsyth?

0:21:210:21:23

Frederick Forsyth is right. A prima ballerina at Sadler's Wells and the Royal Ballet,

0:21:230:21:26

which English dancer was recently revealed

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to have been involved in a plot to overthrow the government of Panama in 1959?

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Pass.

0:21:410:21:43

That was Dame Margot Fonteyn. Five and a half minutes to go,

0:21:430:21:45

ten points for this. Since 1832, what is the longest time, to the nearest year,

0:21:450:21:49

to have elapsed between general elections in the UK?

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Six?

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Anyone like to buzz from Newcastle?

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Seven?

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No, it's ten years, 1935 to 45. Another starter question coming up.

0:22:010:22:03

The French word for a leek - the vegetable, that is - is a near homophone of the surname

0:22:030:22:09

of which enduring fictional detective?

0:22:090:22:12

Poirot.

0:22:130:22:14

Poirot is right, yes.

0:22:140:22:16

Your bonuses are on authors who died in 2010.

0:22:170:22:20

In each case, identify the person from the description.

0:22:200:22:22

Firstly, a Liverpool-born novelist, her works include

0:22:220:22:25

Young Adolf, An Awfully Big Adventure and Master Georgie.

0:22:250:22:28

Beryl Bainbridge.

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Correct. Secondly, the historian and political commentator whose works include Ill Fares the Land,

0:22:300:22:34

The Memory Chalet and Postwar: The History of Europe Since 1945.

0:22:340:22:39

Tony Judt?

0:22:410:22:43

Tony Judt is right. A sporting figure finally, who became a bestselling author of genre fiction.

0:22:430:22:47

His works include Dead Cert, Whip Hand and Under Orders.

0:22:470:22:51

Dick Francis.

0:22:510:22:52

Correct. Another starter question now.

0:22:520:22:54

Technically an example of the simplest non-trivial fibre bundle,

0:22:540:22:57

what name is given to the topological form that has only one side and one edge?

0:22:570:23:00

Mobius strip?

0:23:040:23:05

Mobius strip is right, yes.

0:23:050:23:07

Your bonuses, Birmingham, are on a plant family.

0:23:070:23:10

What is the common name for the poaceae?

0:23:100:23:14

They're generally regarded as the most significant plant family

0:23:140:23:17

in terms of human economics, and include sugar cane and sorghum.

0:23:170:23:20

Pass.

0:23:230:23:24

They're grasses, or true grasses. What name is given to the horizontal underground stems or root stocks

0:23:240:23:29

that send shoots above ground, a common means of reproduction in grasses?

0:23:290:23:32

Runner?

0:23:350:23:36

No, they're rhizomes. What is the common name of the grass secale cereale,

0:23:360:23:39

which thrives in high altitudes,

0:23:390:23:41

is grown as far north as the Arctic Circle, and is used to make bread and whisky?

0:23:410:23:46

Rye?

0:23:480:23:50

Rye is right. Four minutes to go, ten points for this.

0:23:500:23:52

The Feminine Mystique and the Second Stage are among the works of which US feminist, born Illinois, 1921?

0:23:520:23:58

Er, Germaine Greer?

0:24:010:24:02

No.

0:24:020:24:05

Judith Butler?

0:24:050:24:06

No, it's Betty Frieden. Ten points for this.

0:24:060:24:09

In 2016, which sea port will become the first South American city...

0:24:090:24:12

Rio de Janeiro?

0:24:140:24:15

Correct, to host the Olympic Games. Your bonuses now, Newcastle,

0:24:150:24:18

are on pairs of words that are easily confused.

0:24:180:24:21

In each case, give both words from the definition.

0:24:210:24:24

All end in the letters I-O-U-S.

0:24:240:24:28

Firstly, superficially plausible but wrong in reality,

0:24:280:24:31

and sham, bogus, fake or inauthentic?

0:24:310:24:34

I need an answer, please.

0:24:440:24:47

-Pass.

-It's specious and spurious.

0:24:470:24:49

Secondly, lewd or liable to arouse lust,

0:24:490:24:51

and health-giving, wholesome or agreeable.

0:24:510:24:54

Come on, let's have it, please.

0:25:050:25:08

Luscious and lustrous?

0:25:080:25:10

No, it's salacious and salubrious. And finally, progressing inconspicuously but harmfully,

0:25:100:25:15

and of an action or task likely to incur or excite ill will or resentment.

0:25:150:25:20

Insidious and perfidious?

0:25:290:25:31

-No, it's insidious and invidious.

-Oh.

0:25:310:25:34

OK, ten points for this. Answer as soon as you buzz.

0:25:340:25:37

If the numerals from one to nine are spelt backwards, which one comes first alphabetically?

0:25:370:25:43

Nine?

0:25:490:25:50

No.

0:25:500:25:51

Three?

0:25:530:25:55

Three is correct, yes.

0:25:550:25:57

Your bonuses, Birmingham, are on a politician.

0:25:580:26:00

Defeated in the 1983 General Election, which former Labour Party leader died in 2010, aged 96?

0:26:000:26:06

Come on, let's hurry along.

0:26:100:26:12

Pass.

0:26:120:26:14

It's Michael Foot. Michael Foot's 1957 work The Pen and the Sword is a biography

0:26:140:26:17

of which satirist, poet and cleric born Dublin, 1667?

0:26:170:26:22

Swift?

0:26:220:26:23

Correct. During the 1960s, Foot published a two-volume biography of which politician,

0:26:230:26:28

widely regarded as the father of the National Health Service?

0:26:280:26:32

Bevan.

0:26:340:26:35

Correct. Ten points for this starter question. In medicine,

0:26:350:26:38

an iatrogenic condition is caused by what external agency?

0:26:380:26:42

Doctors?

0:26:420:26:44

Doctors indeed, yes.

0:26:440:26:45

Your bonuses this time are on physiology, Newcastle.

0:26:470:26:49

What term describes glands that secrete into body cavities or ducts,

0:26:490:26:54

rather than directly into the bloodstream?

0:26:540:26:57

Endocrine.

0:26:580:27:00

No, it's exocrine.

0:27:000:27:01

Which serous secretion is produced by the parotid glands?

0:27:010:27:05

Saliva?

0:27:050:27:08

Correct. The exocrine glands known as the crypts of Lieberkuhn are found in what part of the body?

0:27:080:27:12

Come on!

0:27:190:27:20

-Let's have an answer.

-Pancreas?

0:27:220:27:24

No, it's the small intestines. Ten points for this.

0:27:240:27:26

In the titles of novels, what common adjective links Donna Tartt's friend, Sarah Waters' stranger...

0:27:260:27:32

Little.

0:27:320:27:33

Little is correct. Your bonuses this time are on Asian capital cities, Newcastle.

0:27:330:27:36

Originally called Heian, which city was the capital...

0:27:360:27:39

-GONG

-And, at the gong Birmingham University have 80,

0:27:390:27:42

and Newcastle University have 220.

0:27:420:27:44

APPLAUSE

0:27:440:27:47

Well, bad luck, Birmingham. We're going to have to say goodnight and goodbye to you.

0:27:470:27:51

You were up against a pretty strong team, though, so you go with your heads held high.

0:27:510:27:55

Many congratulations to you, Newcastle, terrific performance.

0:27:550:27:57

We shall look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals, congratulations.

0:27:570:28:00

I hope you can join us next time.

0:28:000:28:03

-Until then, though, it's goodbye from Birmingham University.

-Goodbye

0:28:030:28:07

-It's goodbye from Newcastle University.

-Goodbye

0:28:070:28:09

And it's goodbye from me, goodbye.

0:28:090:28:11

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