Episode 2 University Challenge


Episode 2

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University Challenge.

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Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. Another first-round match tonight - the winners go through automatically

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and for the losers, the sting of defeat is tempered by the discovery

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that they can take their name plates home with them.

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Trinity College, Cambridge was founded by Henry VIII, but owes its existence

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to his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, who persuaded him to establish a new college,

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rather than suppressing two existing institutions to pocket the cash.

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Alumni have included many pillars of the establishment including Balfour,

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Tennyson, Edward VII, George VI, the present Prince of Wales and Kim Philby.

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Trinity have twice been series champions, in 1974 and 1995,

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and tonight's four with an average age of 20 were selected from a student body of around 1,000.

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-Let's meet them.

-Hi. My name is Max Spencer.

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I'm from Suffolk and I'm reading Computer Science.

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Hi, I'm Lee Zhao, from Derbyshire,

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and I'm reading for a PhD in Mathematics.

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-Their captain.

-I'm Rosalind Lintott from Surrey and I'm reading English.

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Hi, I'm Joshua Caplan, I'm from London and I'm reading Mathematics.

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APPLAUSE

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The team from the University of Birmingham, by comparison, have an average age of 21,

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were selected out of a student body of 26,000

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and have a captain chosen by the rigorous methodology of a game of "rock, paper, scissors".

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The university began life in 1825 as the Birmingham Medical School

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and became one of the earliest redbricks in 1900.

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Its campus is the first in Britain to have its own farmers' market,

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an odd inclusion for a clientele thought to dine exclusively on pizza and kebabs.

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Alumni include the reality television star Ann Widdecombe,

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the Thick Of It actor Chris Addison and Victoria Wood.

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Let's see if tonight's team can be equally entertaining.

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I'm Thomas Farrell from Essex,

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studying Physics with Particle Physics and Cosmology.

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I'm Kirk Surgener from Northampton and I'm studying Philosophy.

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-Their captain.

-I'm Oliver Jeacock from Buckinghamshire

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and I'm studying Chemistry.

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I'm Eliott Rhodes from Sutton Coldfield. I study Mathematics.

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APPLAUSE

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Let's not waste time reciting the rules. Here's your first starter for ten.

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Extending more than 1,500 kilometres south from the Arctic Ocean,

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which range of mountains forms the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia?

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-Urals.

-Urals is correct.

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Your bonuses are on high stones, Birmingham.

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Lying five miles north-west of the moorland slopes of the Long Mynd,

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the Stiperstones are a ragged ridge of high hills in which English county?

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-Shropshire.

-Correct. Carn Menyn, the jagged, rocky outcrops thought

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to have been the source of the bluestones used in Stonehenge,

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forms a part of which hills in West Wales?

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-Mendips?

-In Wales? No, it's the Preseli Hills.

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The ruin of an observatory built in 1883 and a war memorial to the dead of World War Two

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are among man-made objects occupying the large stone plateau

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at the peak of which British mountain?

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-Ben Nevis.

-Correct. Another starter question.

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"He was the greatest of all musicians. He taught me how to say profound things

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"and at the same time remain flippant and lively."

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These words of George Bernard Shaw refer to which composer, born 1756?

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-Mozart.

-Correct.

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So your first set of bonuses, Trinity, are on resignations.

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Commenting on the terms of a government recapitalisation plan conditional on his resignation,

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which British banker observed in 2008, "This was more of a drive-by shooting than a negotiation"?

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It was the head of RBS.

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-Fred Goodwin.

-Correct. Lord Triesman resigned as chairman of England's bid to stage the 2018 World Cup

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after being recorded in secret suggesting which two rival bidders might collude

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to bribe referees at the 2010 finals in South Africa?

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Russia and...

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WHISPERING

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-Russia and the US?

-No, it was Russia and Spain.

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And finally for five points, after an enquiry in 2003 over financial mismanagement,

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who resigned as chief executive of Hollinger International,

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a global media empire that included the Daily Telegraph?

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CONFERRING

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-Pass.

-That was Conrad Black. Ten points for this.

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Borrowdale in the Lake District was the site in the 16th century of the discovery of what mineral,

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used locally for marking sheep and later in the manufacture of pencils?

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-Graphite.

-Graphite is correct.

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Second set of bonuses are on writers' opinions of Shakespeare.

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Born 1885, which poet and novelist's poem When I Read Shakespeare includes these lines?

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"And Hamlet, how boring, how boring to live with

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"So mean and self-conscious, blowing and snoring

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"His wonderful speeches, full of other folk's whoring!"

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-George Bernard Shaw.

-No, it was DH Lawrence.

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In his 1668 Essay Of Dramatic Poesy,

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who described Shakespeare as "many times flat, insipid, his comic wit degenerating into clenches,

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"his serious swelling into bombast, but he is always great when some great occasion is presented to him"?

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-Johnson.

-Johnson?

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No, that was John Dryden.

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And finally for a possible five, in a letter of March 1814,

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which poet wrote, "Shakespeare's name, you may depend upon it, stands absurdly too high.

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"He took his plots from old novels and threw their stories into a dramatic shape"?

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-Byron.

-Correct. Another starter question now.

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"It took them only an instant to cut off that head, but 100 years may not produce another like it."

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These words of the mathematician Joseph Lagrange refer to the death by guillotine in 1794

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of which French scientist, regarded...

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-Lavoisier.

-Lavoisier is correct.

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This time, your bonuses are on spirals.

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A spiral with the polar equation R equals A theta

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is usually named after which Greek mathematician?

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WHISPERING

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-Euclid.

-No, Archimedes. What name is given to a spiral

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in which the length of the radius vector is inversely proportional to its angle with the polar axis,

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so that its equation is R theta equals A?

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-Pass.

-That's the hyperbolic spiral.

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Which Swiss mathematician investigated the logarithmic spiral that he called the "spira mirabilis"

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and requested that one be carved on his tomb, although following his death in 1705,

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an Archimedean spiral was inscribed instead?

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Was Euler Swiss? Euler?

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-Nominate Surgener.

-Was it Euler?

-No, it was Bernoulli. We're going to take a picture round now.

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For your starter, you'll see a map featuring a river. Ten points if you can name the river.

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Hudson.

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No. Anyone like to buzz from Birmingham?

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Yukon?

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No, it's the Mackenzie River in Canada, so we'll take the picture bonuses shortly.

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Another starter question in the meantime.

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Formulated in a 1968 book of the same name,

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which principle states that "in a hierarchy, every employee..."

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-Peter Principle.

-Correct.

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Everyone rises to their own level of incompetence.

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So we follow on from the Mackenzie River picture starter. It flows north into the Arctic Ocean.

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Picture bonuses - three more rivers that flow in a northerly direction,

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contrary to the popular conception that rivers flow north to south.

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Five points for each river you identify.

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Firstly?

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WHISPERING

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-Pass.

-That's the River Bann in Northern Ireland. Secondly...?

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WHISPERING

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-Yenisei.

-It is indeed, yes. And finally...?

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-Rhine.

-That is the Rhine, yes. Another starter question. Answer as soon as you buzz.

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Give the three rhyming words that mean respectively: a playing card of the highest ranking suit in whist,

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an ill-dressed or dowdy person

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and a device for raising and moving fluids?

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-Trump, frump and pump.

-Correct.

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Your bonuses, Trinity, are on women in the ancient world in the words of the author Charlotte Higgins.

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Identify the historical figure from her description.

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"The first woman philosopher mathematician known to history,

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"she attracted ire for her political connections and was murdered by fanatical Christians in AD 415."

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-Hypatia.

-Correct.

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"Hard not to think of Sian Phillips' chilling portrayal of her in the BBC series I Claudius,

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"she poisoned every unfortunate who got in the way of her plan

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"to have her own son Tiberius installed as Augustus's successor."

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Agrippina?

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-Is it Agrippina?

-No, it was Livia.

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"Not until the Great Fire and the Blitz would London be visited by such destruction.

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"A poster girl for anti-imperial resistance, she possessed more spirit than is usual among women,

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"according to historian Dio Cassius."

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-Boadicea.

-Correct. Another starter question now.

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"So equal, yet so opposite are their merits that they may be balanced in endless controversy."

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These words of Edward Gibbon refer to which two Greek philosophers?

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-Aristotle and Plato.

-Correct.

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Your bonuses are on a British artist. Which Bradford-born artist once said that he emigrated

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to California in the 1960s because it offered "sun, sea and sex"?

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-David Hockney.

-Yes. Which Hockney painting was described as "a stunning diagram of '60s California,

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"of blazing sunlight and cool water, of liquid blossoming into frozen chaos"?

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The painting's title was also given to a 1974 film about the artist.

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-A Big Splash.

-Yes, I'll accept that. It's A Bigger Splash.

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What breed of dog are Stanley and Boodgie, the subject of a series of paintings by Hockney,

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published in book form in 1998 entitled Dog Days?

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-Yorkshire terrier?

-No, dachshunds. Ten points for this.

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In geology, which portion of the Earth's interior lies

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between the Mohorovicic and Gutenberg discontinuities,

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extending from approximately 2,000 to over 35,000 kilometres below the surface?

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-Mantle.

-Correct.

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Your bonuses this time are on ballet dancers.

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Which Cuban dancer joined the Royal Ballet, Covent Garden in 1998

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and was the first westerner to dance the title role of Spartacus with the Bolshoi Ballet?

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De Hoya?

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-What's that?

-De Hoya?

-De Hoya?

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No, it was Carlos Acosta. Margot Fonteyn declared which Australian dancer to be her favourite partner?

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In addition to his many classical ballet roles, he appeared as the Child Catcher

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in the film version of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.

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-Pass.

-That was Robert Helpmann.

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Born in Kiev in about 1890, which dancer and choreographer was famed for his extraordinary elevation?

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He retired at the age of 29 after suffering a nervous breakdown.

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-Nijinsky.

-It was Nijinsky, yes.

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Ten points for this. Its name thought to derive from the French for "nutmeg",

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which grape variety is also known as "Melon de Bourgogne"

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and is associated with white wines from the Loire region?

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-Muscat?

-No. Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

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-Pinot Grigio?

-No, it's Muscadet. Ten points for this.

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What is the common name of Araucaria araucana?

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The national tree of Chile, it's a popular tree in Britain with overlapping scale-like leaves...

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-Monkey puzzle.

-Monkey puzzle is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses this time are on popular culture during the noughties.

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In each case, identify the year in question.

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Record producer Phil Spector was arrested on suspicion of murder,

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Dido's Life For Rent was the best-selling album

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and the Dixie Chicks received death threats after saying they were ashamed of the US President.

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Which year?

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CONFERRING

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-2005?

-No, it was 2003.

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Secondly, Crazy by Gnarls Barkley became the first single to top the UK charts on download sales alone,

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the last weekly edition of Top Of The Pops was broadcast

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and the best-selling album of the year was Snow Patrol's Eyes Open. Which year?

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-2007?

-No, it was 2006.

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Finally, the TV series Popstars appeared, Eminem was beaten to the Christmas No.1 by Bob The Builder

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and Robbie Williams had the best-selling album entitled Sing When You're Winning. Which year?

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-2002?

-Shall we go for '2?

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-2002?

-No, it was 2000. I don't know why you should be expected to know that sort of stuff.

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We'll take a music round now. For your starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music.

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Ten points if you can name the piece and the composer.

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CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

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-Is it Flight Of The Bumblebee by Rimsky-Korsakov?

-It is indeed, yes.

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APPLAUSE

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So following on from The Flight Of The Bumblebee,

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music bonuses - three more pieces of classical music associated with insects.

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In each case, simply name the insect. Firstly...?

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CLASSICAL PIANO MUSIC

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-A butterfly?

-No, that was Bela Bartok's From The Diary Of A Fly.

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Secondly...?

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LIVELY CLASSICAL MUSIC

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Ant?

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No, that was Ralph Vaughan Williams' Wasps Overture. And finally...?

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OPERATIC MUSIC

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We should know this. This is a famous one.

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-Butterfly, Madame Butterfly?

-Yeah.

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-Butterfly.

-It is, by Puccini, of course. Right, ten points for this.

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Passed by the US Congress in 1932, the law that made kidnapping...

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-The New Deal?

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

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..the law that made kidnapping across state boundaries a federal felony is often named

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after which public figure whose son Charles had been kidnapped and killed some months earlier?

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-Lindbergh.

-Lindbergh is right.

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Your bonuses are on the IUPAC systematic names of organic compounds

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derived from ethane, C2H6.

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What is the systematic name of the compound theoretically derived from ethane

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by replacing one hydrogen atom with an OH group?

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-Alcohol.

-No, it's ethanol.

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What is the systematic name of the compound derived from ethanal

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by replacing the final hydrogen atom on the substituted carbon with an OH group?

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WHISPERING

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-Pass.

-That's ethanoic acid.

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Finally, what is the systematic name of the compound derived from ethanal by replacing the final hydrogen atom

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on the substituted carbon with an NH2 group?

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WHISPERING

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-Pass.

-That's ethanamide. Ten points for this.

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What term denotes the process carried out by symbiotic bacteria,

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such as rhizobium living in the root nodules of clover and other leguminous plants,

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resulting in an increase of...

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-Nitrogen fixing.

-Correct.

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Birmingham, your bonuses this time are on language and literature.

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"The invention of languages is the foundation.

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"The stories were made rather to provide a world for the languages than the reverse."

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Referring to a major novel of 1954, which author said those words?

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WHISPERING

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-Pass.

-It was JRR Tolkien. In an essay of 1955, Tolkien wrote

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that the English phrase "cellar door" has great beauty, especially if dissociated from its sense,

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and that phrases of comparable beauty are "extraordinarily frequent"

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in which Indo-European language?

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-French.

-No, it's Welsh. "It was like discovering a wine cellar filled with bottles of amazing wine

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"of a kind and flavour never tasted before." These words refer to Tolkien's discovery

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of which language, an official language of the EU since 1995?

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-Finnish?

-No.

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Hungarian...?

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-Hungarian.

-No, it's Finnish.

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Ten points for this. Which 16th century English composer's works include Gaude Glorioso Dei Mater,

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the Christmas Mass Puer Natus Est Nobis

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and the melody which inspired Vaughan Williams' Fantasia...

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-Thomas Tallis.

-Correct.

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Trinity, your bonuses are on so-called cognate anagrams,

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that is, words that are both anagrams of and are suggested by the given word or phrase.

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For instance, "moon starer" would give the single-word answer "astronomer". OK?

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Firstly, for five points, "enraged" has what anagram that resembles it in meaning?

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-Angered.

-Correct. The expression "terminal cut" has what single-word cognate anagram?

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WHISPERING

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-Pass.

-It's "curtailment".

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Finally for five, "lithe acts" is a cognate anagram of a single-word term for what activity?

0:19:400:19:47

-Athletics.

-Correct. Another starter. Answer as soon as you buzz.

0:19:490:19:54

Three Latin American countries are among the G20 major economies.

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One is Brazil. For ten points, name the other two.

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-Chile and Argentina.

-No. Anyone want to buzz from Birmingham?

0:20:020:20:06

-Argentina and Peru.

-No, it's Mexico and Argentina. Ten points for this.

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In vertebrate physiology, what term denotes the waves of contraction

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and relaxation of the circular smooth muscles of the intestinal wall...

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-Peristalsis.

-Peristalsis is right, yes.

0:20:200:20:23

Your bonuses this time are on social sciences.

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Used in the subtitle of a 1985 work by the US sociologists Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge,

0:20:280:20:34

what term denotes the process by which religious institutions,

0:20:340:20:38

beliefs and practices lose their social significance?

0:20:380:20:42

-Cultify.

-Sorry?

-Cultification.

-Let's have it, please.

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-Nominate Zhao.

-Cultification.

-No, it's secularisation.

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Coined by the US sociologist Harold Garfinkel, what term describes the study of the methods

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by which individuals accomplish their daily actions and make sense of their social world?

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-Pass.

-That's ethnomethodology.

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Explored by Homi K Bhabha as a legacy of colonialism,

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what is the process by which individuals and social groups are made peripheral to the mainstream

0:21:120:21:19

by relegating them to the outer edges of society?

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CONFERRING

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-Ghettoisation.

-No, it's marginalisation.

0:21:260:21:28

We'll take our second picture round now.

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For your starter, you will see a photograph of a comedian. Ten points if you can name him.

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-Russell Kane.

-Correct.

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Russell Kane won the Edinburgh Comedy Award for the Best Comedy Show in 2010.

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Your bonuses are photos of three more acts who have won this award, previously called the Perrier Award.

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Name each comedian or act and the decade in which they won. Firstly, this comedian and the decade he won?

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WHISPERING

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Rich Hall and the '90s?

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No, it was Rich Hall and the noughties. Secondly...?

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Jeremy Hardy and the '80s.

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-Jeremy Hardy, the '80s?

-Correct. Finally, this act and the decade?

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That's the League of Gentlemen.

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Come on.

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-League of Gentlemen, the '90s?

-Correct. Another starter.

0:22:310:22:35

What is being described? Composed of old red sandstone on a base of harder basalt

0:22:350:22:40

and close to Rackwick Bay in the Orkney Islands,

0:22:400:22:43

it is 137 metres high and 30 metres wide at its base and is the tallest sea stack in Britain.

0:22:430:22:49

Woodhenge.

0:22:520:22:54

No. One of you like to buzz from Birmingham?

0:22:540:22:57

It's the Old Man of Hoy. Ten points for this.

0:22:570:23:00

From the name of a Trojan prince, what word was defined by Dr Johnson

0:23:000:23:04

as a "blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow"? It's now used as a verb meaning to bully.

0:23:040:23:10

-Hector.

-Hector is correct, yes.

0:23:110:23:13

Now, these bonuses are on events of 1511.

0:23:160:23:20

In 1511, Spanish forces under Diego Velazquez and Hernan Cortes began the conquest of which large island?

0:23:200:23:27

CONFERRING

0:23:280:23:31

-Nominate Zhao.

-Tenochtitlan.

-No, it's Cuba.

0:23:340:23:38

Which humanist scholar published his Encomium Moriae or In Praise Of Folly in 1511?

0:23:380:23:44

-Erasmus.

-Correct. Henry, Duke of Cornwall was born in January 1511 and died a few weeks later.

0:23:440:23:50

Who were his father and mother?

0:23:500:23:52

Quickly!

0:23:530:23:55

-Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

-Correct.

0:23:550:23:59

Ten points for this. Who described his conception of God as being

0:23:590:24:03

"something like a great, oblong, luminous blur"?

0:24:030:24:06

A Latvian-born American painter, his later work is characterised...

0:24:060:24:10

-Mark Rothko.

-Correct. Your bonuses this time are on botany.

0:24:100:24:15

What term denotes the pores in the epidermis of the leaves and stems of terrestrial plants

0:24:150:24:20

that allow gas exchange between the spongy layer and the atmosphere?

0:24:200:24:24

-Cuticle.

-No, the stoma or stomata.

0:24:240:24:27

What name is given to the two specialised curved cells surrounding the stomata?

0:24:270:24:33

-Guard cells.

-Correct. The release of water from a plant via the stomata is known by what precise term?

0:24:330:24:40

-Evapotranspiration.

-I'll accept that. Transpiration is correct.

0:24:400:24:44

Another starter question. The Bizone, which was extended to become the Trizone in April 1949,

0:24:440:24:50

was an economic area that was the precursor of which European republic established later that year?

0:24:500:24:57

-West Germany.

-West Germany is right, the Federal Republic.

0:24:570:25:00

Your bonuses are on disputed territories in Asia.

0:25:000:25:03

Name the country that lays claim to the following.

0:25:030:25:07

The Southern Kuril Islands, which are around the size of Skye and the Western Isles,

0:25:070:25:12

under Russian administration since 1945.

0:25:120:25:15

Russia and Japan.

0:25:170:25:19

-Japan.

-Japan is correct, yes.

0:25:190:25:21

The Aksai Chin, a high altitude desert around the size of Belgium,

0:25:210:25:25

over which China built a strategic highway in the early 1960s.

0:25:250:25:30

WHISPERING

0:25:310:25:33

-Mongolia.

-India. The larger part of the Golan Heights,

0:25:350:25:39

around the size of Greater Manchester, it was occupied by Israel in 1967.

0:25:390:25:44

-Syria.

-Syria is right. Ten points for this.

0:25:460:25:49

In meteorology, what general type of land form is associated with orographic precipitation?

0:25:490:25:55

-Hills.

-Hills or mountains is right. Your bonuses now are on place names in County Durham.

0:25:550:26:00

Firstly, which town shares its name with the family name of the Earls of Derby

0:26:000:26:06

and both the main town of the Falkland Islands and a North American ice hockey trophy?

0:26:060:26:11

-Stanley.

-Correct. Which new town is named after a miners' leader who died in 1935?

0:26:110:26:17

Don't know.

0:26:170:26:19

-Pass.

-Peterlee. Finally, which town has a name meaning "Roman fort on the Roman road"?

0:26:190:26:25

-Pass.

-Chester-le-Street. Ten points for this.

0:26:260:26:29

In which European capital are the Vondelpark, the Jordaan quarter...

0:26:290:26:33

-Amsterdam.

-Amsterdam is right. Your bonuses are on classical music cataloguers.

0:26:330:26:38

Firstly for five, assigning each piece a BWV number,

0:26:380:26:43

in 1950, Wolfgang Schmieder compiled the thematic index for the work of which German composer?

0:26:430:26:49

-Bach.

-Correct. The Viennese musicologist Otto Deutsch gives his initial to the D numbers used

0:26:490:26:55

in the 1951 catalogue of the works of which Austrian composer who died in 1828?

0:26:550:27:01

-Haydn.

-No, Schubert. A specialist in baroque music,

0:27:020:27:05

the US musicologist Franklin B Zimmerman compiled a 1963 catalogue of the works

0:27:050:27:10

of which 17th century English composer?

0:27:100:27:14

-Purcell.

-Purcell is right. Another starter question.

0:27:140:27:18

The Voyage Out and Night And Day were the first two novels

0:27:180:27:22

of which 20th century author and member of the Bloomsbury Group who died in 1941?

0:27:220:27:27

-Virginia Woolf.

-Correct. Another set of bonuses for you then.

0:27:270:27:31

-They're on films about poets...

-GONG

0:27:310:27:34

At the gong, Trinity College, Cambridge have 105, Birmingham University have 225.

0:27:340:27:40

Bad luck, Trinity. We say goodbye to you, but thank you for playing.

0:27:420:27:47

Terrific score, 225, Birmingham. We look forward to seeing you in the next stage.

0:27:470:27:51

-Join us next time for another first round match, but it's goodbye from Trinity College.

-Goodbye.

0:27:510:27:57

-Goodbye from Birmingham University.

-Goodbye.

-And goodbye from me.

0:27:570:28:01

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0:28:220:28:26

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0:28:260:28:29

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