Episode 20 University Challenge


Episode 20

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University Challenge! Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman!

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Hello. There are eight places in the quarter-final stage of this contest,

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and three of them have been taken by a couple of Cambridge colleges, Clare and Homerton,

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and the University of Newcastle.

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Whichever team wins tonight will join them.

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Now, the team from Queen's College, Oxford have the second

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highest score from the first round matches, earned with a very

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comfortable win over Kings College, Cambridge by 280-195.

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On that occasion, they showed an encyclopaedic knowledge of pioneering women

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and sporting venues, and took in their stride a set of questions of inhuman complexity,

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requiring them to spell the names of fruit and vegetables using chemical symbols.

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Let's meet them again.

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Hi, I'm Peter Sloman, I'm from Garstang in Lancashire,

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and I'm reading for a DPhil in History.

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Hello, I'm James Kane, I'm from Manchester, and I'm reading Japanese.

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Their captain.

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Hi, I'm Matthew White, I'm from Pershore in Worcestershire,

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and I'm studying for a DPhil in Maths.

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Hello, I'm Leila Hill from Sale in Cheshire, and I'm studying Chemistry.

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APPLAUSE

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Now, the team from Worcester College, Oxford lost on their first appearance,

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but were able to return as one of the four teams with the highest losing scores from round one.

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They then earned their place in the second round by beating St Andrews convincingly in their play-off,

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impressing us with their knowledge of Abbey Road and the Primrose Path,

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while giving the strong impression that Mr Knapp must have been assigned the task

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of boning up on world geography.

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Let's meet the Worcester College team again.

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Hi, I'm Dave Knapp,

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I'm from Woking in Surrey,

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and I'm studying Engineering.

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Hi, I'm Jack Bramhill, I come from Colchester in Essex,

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and I'm studying Chemistry.

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And their captain.

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Hi, I'm Rebecca Gillie, I'm from Weymouth in Dorset,

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and I'm reading French and Italian.

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Hi, I'm Jonathan Metzer from London, and I'm reading Classics.

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APPLAUSE

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Usual rules, ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses.

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Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for 10.

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Johannes Vermeer, Jack Worthing, Lord Henry Wotton, Professor George Falconer, Fitzwilliam Darcy

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and King George VI are among the screen roles of which British...

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Colin Firth.

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Correct, yes.

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Your first bonuses, then, Worcester College, are on an African river.

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The Zambezi is the longest African river to drain into the Indian Ocean.

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What is the second longest, rising as the Crocodile River in central southern Africa,

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and draining into the Indian Ocean after a series of rapids in Mozambique?

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I think it's the Limpopo.

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-Limpopo?

-He has been boning up on world geography! Yes.

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For much of its course, the Limpopo forms the border between South Africa

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and two other countries. One's Zimbabwe, what's the other?

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-Erm...

-Botswana?

-Yeah, try that.

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Botswana?

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Correct, yes. The Limpopo borders which national park

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at the north-eastern corner of South Africa?

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In 2002,it became part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Game Park.

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-I think it's the Kruger.

-Kruger?

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It is the Kruger, yes. Right, ten points for this.

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What five-letter word links the highest mountain of Switzerland,

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a game played with three cards, often fraudulently,

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a major tourist attraction of Monaco, and a Benedictine

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monastery to the south of Rome, destroyed in a battle of 1944?

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Monte?

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Monte is correct, yes.

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Now, your first bonuses, Queen's College, are on mottos.

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Multum in parvo, meaning much in little,

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is the motto of which small English county that's home to

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one of the largest reservoirs in Western Europe?

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Rutland?

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Correct. Associated with the engineer noted for his work in draining the Fens,

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the motto of South Cambridgeshire District Council

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translates as "nothing without effort",

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and is thought to be the only British civic motto in which language?

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Dutch?

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Correct, and the city of Exeter and the town of St Malo in Brittany

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share what Latin motto meaning "always faithful"?

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Nominate.

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Semper fidelis?

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Correct. Also the US Marine Corps, of course.

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Right, ten points for this starter question. Similar in appearance, what two seven-letter words mean

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respectively - person considered to have powers such as telepathy or clairvoyance,

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and science dealing with the properties...

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Psychic?

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I'm afraid you lose five points. ..with the properties and interactions of matter and energy?

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-Psychic and physics.

-Correct.

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Right, your bonuses this time, Worcester College, are on explorers.

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Which two British explorers became, in February 1858, the first Europeans to reach Lake Tanganyika?

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-Stanley and Livingstone.

-Stanley and Livingstone?

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No, it was Burton and Speke. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

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led the first US expedition across the American interior to the Pacific Northwest in 1804.

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What two-word term denotes the major territorial acquisition that they were to survey?

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-Louisiana Purchase?

-Correct.

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What were the surnames of the two explorers who led an expedition

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of 1860-61 across Australia from the south to the far north?

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Both of them died on the return journey.

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My guess is...Wallace. I think one's Wallace.

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-Who?

-I think one's Wallace. Wallace...and Edwrads, or something.

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Wallace and Edwards?

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No, it's Burke and Wills. Ten points for this. Which language did the philologist Sir William Jones

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describe in 1786 as "More perfect than the Greek, more..."

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Sanskrit.

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Sanskrit is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses, Queen's College,

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are on Chemistry. Meaning "becoming salt", what term denotes the group of elements

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in the periodic table that form a salt by direct union with a metal?

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Halogens?

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Correct. Which of the halogens is a radioactive element with a short half life,

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and therefore rare in nature?

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It's the heaviest element of the group, and has the symbol At.

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Astatine.

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Correct. Which pale yellow gas is the least dense and chemically the most active of the halogens?

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It displaces the other halogens from their compounds, and displaces oxygen from water?

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Fluorine.

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Correct. We're going to take a picture round, now.

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Your picture starter is a diagram.

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For ten points, simply tell me

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the person who created it.

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Florence Nightingale?

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Yes, it is. It's the causes of mortality of the Army in the Crimean War.

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That was one of the earliest examples of a pie chart.

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For your bonuses, three more historically significant diagrams.

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In each case, name the scientist who drew it. Firstly, who drew this?

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Copernicus?

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Correct. Secondly, who drew this?

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-Darwin?

-Darwin's first diagram of an evolutionary tree, yes.

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Finally, who drew this?

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Isaac Newton?

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Correct, yes.

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Another starter question. Sociable, masked and yellow-wattled

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are three species of which bird of the plover family?

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The northern species, sometimes called...

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Lapwing.

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Correct, yes.

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Your bonuses are on the names of railway stations, Worcester College.

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The full name of which English railway station refers to

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the meadows within the parish of a nearby church,

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established by the Knights Templar in the 12th century?

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Bristol Temple Meads?

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Correct. Which London railway terminus derives its name from a church

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built on the bank of a small stream, then called the Tyburn?

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Marylebone?

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Correct. In which British city is the main railway station named after

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a series of novels published between 1814 and 1831?

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Hull?

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No, it's Edinburgh, Edinburgh Waverley being the station in question.

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Right, ten points for this. When denoting an alloy used to enclose uranium fuel elements

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in some nuclear reactors, for what does the abbreviation magnox stand?

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-Manganese oxide?

-No. Anyone like to buzz from Queen's College?

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It's magnesium non-oxidising. Ten points for this.

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Chevalier, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer and Grand Cross are

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the five grades of which award for civil and military service...

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-The Legion d'honneur.

-Correct.

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Your bonuses, Queen's College, are on pairs of words whose spelling differs by the substitution

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of a double "o" for a single "o" in the middle.

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For example, cop and coop.

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In each case, give both words from the definitions provided.

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Firstly, for five points, the bouquet of wine or whisky,

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and a loop with a running knot, sometimes used to symbolise marriage.

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-Let's have an answer, please.

-Pass.

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It's nose and noose.

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Secondly, built with a hemispherical vault, and destined for catastrophe.

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Domed and doomed.

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Correct. One with an unusual fondness for alcohol, and carbonaceous deposit in chimneys.

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Sot and soot.

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Correct. Ten points for this.

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Answer as soon as you buzz. At 248 metres, Ditchling Beacon, near Brighton,

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is higher than the highest point in five US states.

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One of them is Rhode Island.

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For ten points, name two of the other four states.

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Delaware and Florida.

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Correct, the others are Louisiana and Mississippi.

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Right, your bonuses this time, Worcester College, are on the Pulitzer Prize.

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Which political figure won the 1957 prize in biography for Profiles in Courage,

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recounting acts of bravery and integrity by US senators?

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Eisenhower?

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No, it was John F. Kennedy. Secondly, which trumpeter became

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the first jazz artist to win the prize for music,

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when he won the award for his 1997 performance piece Blood On The Fields?

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-Nominate Knapp.

-Herb Alpert?

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Herb Alpert?! No, it's Wynton Marsalis.

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In April 2010, the cartoonist Mark Fiore became the first journalist to win a Pulitzer Prize

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while working solely in what medium?

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Television?

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Photography?

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-I don't know.

-Shall we go with that?

-Go with that.

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Photography?

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No, it's online, or on the Internet. Ten points for this.

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Hydrogen has three isotopes - protium, tritium and which other?

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Deuterium.

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Correct.

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Your bonuses are on galaxies, Worcester.

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The Whirlpool and Andromeda galaxies are among those objects which

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have designations referring to which French astronomer,

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who catalogued the first of them in 1774?

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-It begins with an M, I think.

-No idea!

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-Messier?

-Yeah, Messier.

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Messier?

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Messier is right. Which US astronomer's name is given to the spiral galaxies with

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brilliant nuclei and faint arms, first described by him in 1943,

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and also to a specific series of six galaxies?

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Hubble?

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No, it's Seyfert. And finally, in Markarian galaxies, named after an Armenian astrophysicist,

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emit excessive amounts of what form of radiation?

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X-rays?

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No, it's ultraviolet. Right, we're going to take a music round now.

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For your music starter, you'll hear an extract from an opera.

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Ten points if you can name the opera.

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Is it La Boheme?

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It's not. Queen's College, you can hear a little more.

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Lakme?

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It is Lakme, yes.

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-I'm amazed it took you so long!

-Yeah!

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Right, that was the Flower Duet, of course, from Lakme.

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Your music bonuses, three more operas set in Asian countries.

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Five points if you can name both the opera and the Asian country where the opera is set.

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Firstly, for five, a work which premiered in 1987.

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SPEECH INAUDIBLE OVER MUSIC

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-Pass.

-LAUGHTER

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After all of that? Oh, dear!

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It's Nixon In China, of course, it's China, then.

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Secondly, this Italian opera premiered in 1898.

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I'd like the country it's set in, please.

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Japan?

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Yes, and the opera?

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Madame Butterfly.

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No, it's Iris. And finally...

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Pass.

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That's from The Pearl Fishers, which is set in Ceylon, or Sri Lanka.

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Ten points for this. "The worshipful father and first founder and embellisher of ornate eloquence

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in our English." Those words, by William Caxton, described which poet, born around 1343?

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Chaucer.

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Correct.

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Your bonuses are on architecture.

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New York's Seagram Building and Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois

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were designed by which German architect who declared, "less is more"?

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-Nominate Sloman.

-Mies van der Rohe.

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Correct. What did Adolf Loos, the designer of the Steiner House in Vienna,

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describe as a crime in an article of 1908?

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Fountains?

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No, ornament! They'd probably be included, though.

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In his 1923 work Toward an Architecture,

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which Swiss-born architect stated that "the plan is the generator",

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meaning one should always start from the floorplan?

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Busier?

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-Le Corbusier.

-Le Corbusier?

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No, I'm afraid I have to take your first answer, and you misheard it.

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He had it right, it's Le Corbusier. Right, ten points for this.

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"All things are from water, and all things are resolved into water."

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These words are attributed to which pre-Socratic philosopher,

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born in Miletus around 625BC?

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Parmenides?

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No. Worcester?

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One of you buzz.

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Anaxagoras?

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No, it's Thales. Ten points for this.

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Which conflict of July 1969 is so named because troubles...

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The Football War?

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Yes, well done!

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If you get these bonuses, you'll take the lead, Queen's College.

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They're on Nobel Laureates. In each case, I'll give you the name of the first woman

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to win the Nobel Prize in a specific field.

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For five points each, you have to name the prize and the decade in which they won it.

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Firstly, for five points, Bertha von Suttner.

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Come on, let's have a guess.

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THEY CONFER

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-Medicine?

-Maybe.

-In what decade?

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Come on, then.

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Er, medicine, 1960s?

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No, it was Peace, and it was between 1900 and 1910, she got it in 1905.

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Second, Gerty Theresa Cori.

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It's not Peace.

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-Not Peace, so we've got it down to five!

-I don't think it's Economics.

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-Medicine?

-Yeah, well done.

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Medicine, 1920s?

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No. It was Medicine, but it was the 1940s. And finally, Elinor Ostrom.

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-Physics. The '70S?

-Curie got Physics.

-Curie was the first one for Physics?

-Yeah. Well, I don't know,

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-but it won't be the '70s.

-OK.

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-What decade, any idea?

-'60s.

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Economics, 1960s?

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No, bad luck. It was Economics, but it was in 2009.

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Ten points for this.

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The name of which chemical element links the mammal vulpes fulva,

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the trees abies alba and betula alba...

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Tungsten?

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No, I'm afraid you lose five points...

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..and Roman authors including Martial, Tacitus and Pliny?

0:18:520:18:55

Silver.

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Silver is correct, yes.

0:18:580:19:00

OK, these bonuses, Worcester College, are on New York.

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Which major city of New York state derives its name from an honorific title

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originally bestowed on young, male members of the Dutch nobility?

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Yonkers.

0:19:170:19:18

Correct. Which district of New York City derives its name

0:19:180:19:21

from a Dutch word meaning farm, because it was built on

0:19:210:19:23

the site of that owned by the governor, Peter Stuyvesant?

0:19:230:19:27

-The Bronx?

-No, it's Bowery.

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And finally, which borough of New York became an independent city in the 1830s,

0:19:300:19:34

but reverted to being part of greater New York in the 1890s,

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after the construction of a bridge linking it to Manhattan?

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Long Island?

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No, it's Brooklyn. We're going to take our second picture round.

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Your picture starter is a photograph of a sculpture.

0:19:460:19:49

Ten points if you can give me the name of the artist.

0:19:490:19:52

Anish Kapoor?

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It is Anish Kapoor, yes.

0:19:590:20:01

That's his Cloud Gate in Chicago.

0:20:030:20:05

Picture bonuses, three more works of public art, this time in the United Kingdom.

0:20:050:20:09

Five points each if you can give me the name of the artist. Firstly...

0:20:090:20:12

Moore?

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Henry Moore is correct, yes. Secondly...

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Mark Wallinger?

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No, it's not. It's Andy Scott, I'm afraid, his Heavy Horse. And, finally...

0:20:310:20:34

-Nominate Knapp.

-Antony Gormley.

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Yes, Another Place, well done. Ten points for this.

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Differing only in the order of their initial two letters,

0:20:420:20:45

which two terms mean "height above sea level" and "distance from the equator"?

0:20:450:20:50

Er, elevation and...

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No.

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Altitude and latitude.

0:20:540:20:56

Correct.

0:20:560:20:58

Right. Your bonuses, this time, are on words that begin with the same letters.

0:21:000:21:03

In each case, give the word from the description.

0:21:030:21:05

Firstly, a toroidal apparatus used for producing controlled fusion reactions in hot plasma.

0:21:050:21:09

Torus Reactor?

0:21:160:21:17

No, it's a tokamac. The last shogunate of Japan, founded in the early 17th century

0:21:170:21:22

and overthrown in 1867.

0:21:220:21:23

Nominate Metzer.

0:21:260:21:28

Is it Tokugawa?

0:21:280:21:29

Correct. And finally, a sweet, aromatic wine made in north-eastern Hungary.

0:21:290:21:33

Tokaji.

0:21:370:21:38

Tokaji is correct, yes. Another starter question now.

0:21:380:21:40

"Colourless green ideas sleep furiously."

0:21:400:21:44

That sentence was devised by which US linguist...

0:21:440:21:47

Noam Chomsky.

0:21:470:21:48

Correct.

0:21:480:21:50

Your bonuses this time, Queen's College, are on cruciferous plants.

0:21:500:21:54

Armoracia rusticana, used in cooking, has a root which,

0:21:540:21:57

when cut, produces an oil that irritates the eyes and sinuses,

0:21:570:22:01

and has what common name?

0:22:010:22:02

-Oil? It's not Arnica, is it?

-No.

0:22:020:22:08

-Which oil?

-I was going to go for some sort of herb, but...

0:22:080:22:12

Go for it.

0:22:120:22:13

Rosemary?

0:22:130:22:14

No, it's horseradish.

0:22:140:22:16

Lunaria is cultivated for its flat, translucent seedpods,

0:22:160:22:20

sometimes known as moonpennies, and has what common name?

0:22:200:22:23

Almond?

0:22:300:22:31

No. Honesty. Isatis tinctoria, a cruciferous plant that's been used to produce an indigo dye,

0:22:310:22:35

has what common name?

0:22:350:22:37

Mada?

0:22:400:22:41

No, it's woad. Five minutes to go, ten points for this.

0:22:410:22:44

Which historical term for a public stagecoach is also an abstract noun,

0:22:440:22:47

meaning "persistent application and endeavour"?

0:22:470:22:49

Diligence.

0:22:510:22:52

Correct.

0:22:520:22:54

Your bonuses are on the films of David Lean this time.

0:22:560:22:59

In each case, identify the film from its description. Firstly, based on a novel

0:22:590:23:02

by the French author Pierre Boulle, a 1957 Oscar-winning film starring Alec Guinness.

0:23:020:23:08

-Gigi?

-No, it's Bridge over the River Kwai.

0:23:130:23:17

Based on a play by Noel Coward, a 1945 film starring Trevor Howard and Celia Johnson.

0:23:170:23:21

Brief Encounter.

0:23:250:23:27

Correct. Based on a novel by Charles Dickens, a 1946 film starring John Mills and Valerie Hobson.

0:23:270:23:32

Oliver Twist?

0:23:380:23:39

No, it's Great Expectations.

0:23:390:23:41

Ten points for this. Who, at Pebble Beach Links in California in June 2010,

0:23:410:23:44

became the first UK winner of the US Open since Tony...

0:23:440:23:48

Graeme McDowell?

0:23:480:23:49

Graeme McDowell is correct.

0:23:490:23:52

Right, your bonuses, Worcester College, are on Greek prefixes.

0:23:530:23:55

What prefix, derived from the Greek for stranger, forms part of one word meaning a fragment of rock

0:23:550:24:01

incorporated in magma, and another meaning a dislike of foreigners?

0:24:010:24:05

Xeno?

0:24:060:24:07

Xeno is right. The prefix "xyl", that's X-Y-L,

0:24:070:24:11

denotes objects or substances derived from what material?

0:24:110:24:14

Wood.

0:24:160:24:18

Correct. What is the literal meaning of the prefix "xero",

0:24:180:24:20

that's X-E-R-O, found in words such as xerocopy and xerophyte?

0:24:200:24:25

Copying?

0:24:320:24:34

No, it's dry. Three and a half minutes to go, ten points for this.

0:24:340:24:37

In Greek mythology, Geryon, the three-bodied giant of Erytheia,

0:24:370:24:40

is killed and has his cattle stolen by which divine hero?

0:24:400:24:44

Hermes.

0:24:470:24:48

No. Anyone like to buzz...

0:24:480:24:51

Heracles?

0:24:510:24:53

Heracles is correct, yes.

0:24:530:24:55

The tenth of his labours. Your bonuses, this time, are on the Pacific Theatre in World War II.

0:24:560:25:00

In each case, give the present-day country in which the following battles took place.

0:25:000:25:04

Firstly, the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943.

0:25:040:25:07

Papua New Guinea.

0:25:120:25:14

No, it's Kiribati. Secondly, the Guadalcanal campaign from August 1942 to February 1943.

0:25:140:25:19

Philippines?

0:25:250:25:28

No, it was in the Solomon Islands. And finally, in the Battles of Bataan and Corregidor in early 1942.

0:25:280:25:32

Philippines?

0:25:350:25:37

That was the Philippines, yes. Ten points for this.

0:25:370:25:39

In ecology, the terms photo, geo, helio and hydro can all prefix what word...

0:25:390:25:44

-Tropism.

-Tropism, or tropic, is correct.

0:25:440:25:47

Your bonuses, this time, are on exiles, Queen's College.

0:25:470:25:51

St John is said to have written the book of Revelation

0:25:510:25:54

while in exile on which Greek island in the Aegean?

0:25:540:25:58

-Nominate.

-Patmos.

0:25:580:25:59

Correct. Which Spanish painter and engraver, whose etchings

0:25:590:26:02

"The Disasters of War" depicted the horrors of the French invasion of Spain,

0:26:020:26:06

spent his last years in voluntary exile in Bordeaux?

0:26:060:26:09

Goya.

0:26:090:26:10

Correct. In 1960, after leaving Tibet, at which hill station in northern India

0:26:100:26:14

did the Dalai Lama set up his government in exile?

0:26:140:26:16

-Nominate.

-Dharamsala.

0:26:160:26:18

Correct. Ten points for this. During the 20th century,

0:26:180:26:20

there were two years in which two general elections were held...

0:26:200:26:26

1910 and 1974.

0:26:260:26:28

That's correct, yes.

0:26:280:26:30

Your bonuses, this time - if you get any, you'll be on level pegging - are on anagrams of the word "omen".

0:26:310:26:36

Firstly, "nemo me impune lacessit" is a Latin motto,

0:26:360:26:39

principally associated with which flowering plant?

0:26:390:26:42

Thistle.

0:26:420:26:44

Correct. Meno is a Socratic dialogue that attempts to define what

0:26:440:26:47

general ethical concept, known in Greek as arete?

0:26:470:26:51

Virtue?

0:26:510:26:52

Correct. Nome, a town situated on an inlet of the Bering Sea,

0:26:520:26:55

was formerly the largest settlement of which US state?

0:26:550:27:00

Alaska.

0:27:000:27:01

Correct. That gives us level pegging. Ten points for this starter question.

0:27:010:27:05

Published in 1850, Rebecca and Rowena, by William Thackeray, is a humorous sequel

0:27:050:27:09

to which novel by Walter Scott?

0:27:090:27:11

-Ivanhoe.

-CHEERING

0:27:120:27:13

Correct. Your bonuses, this time, are on seaside settings in fiction.

0:27:130:27:17

Firstly, for five, in which novel of 2007 by Ian McEwan do Edward and Florence spend their wedding night

0:27:170:27:24

at a hotel on the Dorset coast?

0:27:240:27:25

On Chesil Beach.

0:27:250:27:27

Correct. Dickens's David Copperfield describes which town on

0:27:270:27:29

the Norfolk coast as "rather spongy and soppy",

0:27:290:27:31

only to be told that it was "upon the whole, the finest place in the universe"?

0:27:310:27:36

-Come on, let's have it, please.

-Pass.

-Cromer.

0:27:360:27:38

No, it's Great Yarmouth. Set in a Sussex seaside town,

0:27:380:27:41

which the entrepreneurial Mr Parker hopes to develop into a fashionable resort,

0:27:410:27:46

Sanditon is an unfinished novel by which author?

0:27:460:27:50

Let's have it.

0:27:500:27:51

Anthony Trollope?

0:27:510:27:53

-No, it's Jane Austen. Ten points...

-GONG

0:27:530:27:56

And Queen's College, Oxford have 185,

0:27:560:27:57

Worcester College, Oxford have 200.

0:27:570:28:00

Well, it was a great match, and very, very closely fought indeed.

0:28:050:28:09

We'll have to say goodbye to you, Queen's,

0:28:090:28:11

but it was a terrific performance. To go out on 185 is pretty distinguished,

0:28:110:28:15

so you'll be fine in the bar when this is transmitted!

0:28:150:28:18

And, Worcester College, 200, another great performance from you.

0:28:180:28:21

We shall look forward to seeing you in the quarter-finals.

0:28:210:28:23

-I hope you can join us next time. Until then, it's goodbye from Queen's College, Oxford.

-Goodbye.

0:28:230:28:27

-It's goodbye from Worcester College, Oxford.

-Goodbye.

0:28:270:28:30

And it's goodbye from me, goodbye.

0:28:300:28:32

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0:28:530:28:56

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0:28:560:28:59

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