Episode 4 University Challenge

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Tonight, eight more young people making the great sacrifice

of appearing on national television and risking their all.

Queen's University, Belfast, was the first in Northern Ireland.

Its origins lie in the Belfast Academical Institution and it was founded by Queen Victoria in 1845

at the same time as similar institutions in Cork and Galway

as a non-denominational counterpart to Trinity College, Dublin.

Tonight's team tell us they've been incentivised to chuck their hats into the ring

by this being the 30th anniversary of Queen's one and only title.

Alumni include actors Liam Neeson and Simon Callow and the President of Ireland, Mary McAleese.

Representing 19,000 undergraduates, tonight's team have an average age of 21. Let's meet them.

Hello. I'm Niall McDonald from Lurgan and I study Genetics.

Hi. My name's Joshua Greenwood, originally from North Yorkshire, I'm studying English Literature.

-And their captain...

-I'm Thomas Haverty from Armagh studying Maths.

I'm Ronan Kernan from Downpatrick, studying Mechanical Engineering.

APPLAUSE

Newcastle University began life in 1834 as a school of medicine and surgery

and was formerly a federal arm of the University of Durham.

To celebrate liberation from Durham in 1963, mortarboards were flung in the river

and haven't been worn there since.

Sir Liam Donaldson, former Chief Medical Officer, was appointed Chancellor in 2009

and alumni include Bryan Ferry, Rowan Atkinson and Kate Adie.

Playing on behalf of around 14,000 undergraduates and with an average age of 23, let's meet the team.

Hi. My name's Ben Dunbar, from Heywood, and I'm studying for a Master's Degree in Public Health.

Hello, I'm Ross Dent, from Chester-le-Street, and I study Economics.

-And their captain...

-Hello. My name's Eleanor Turner, from London, and I'm studying Medicine.

Hello. My name's Nicholas Pang, originally from Malaysia, and I'm also studying Medicine.

APPLAUSE

OK, the rules never change. 10 for starters, 15 for bonuses, 5-point penalty if you buzz in incorrectly.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for 10.

What short adjective links a pre-enclosured farming system in England,

a steel-making process developed by Charles Siemens and others in the mid-19th century

and a university whose headquarters are at Milton Keynes?

-Open?

-Open is correct, yes.

The first bonuses go to you, Queen's, on a Latin term.

What two-word Latin expression was originally an epithet applied to Roman goddesses?

In medieval Christianity, it was applied to the Virgin Mary

and is now used for one's former school or university?

-Alma Mater.

-Correct. A statue representing Alma Mater stands at which Ivy League university,

founded in 1752 by Royal Charter, making it the oldest in New York State?

-Princeton.

-No, it's Columbia. Alma Mater Studiorum is the motto

of which university, thought to have been founded in 1088 and therefore the oldest in Europe?

-I think we need an answer, please.

-Genoa?

No, Bologna.

Both World Heritage sites, the Jongmyo Shrine and Changdeok Palace are in which major capital?

Situated on the Han River, it is less than 100km south of the world's most militarised border.

-South Korea.

-No, I'm afraid that's incorrect. Anyone from Newcastle?

One of you may buzz.

-Seoul?

-Seoul is right, yes. I wanted the name of the capital.

Your first bonuses are on naval bases. In 1865, the HQ of the Prussian Baltic Fleet

was relocated from Danzig to which former Hanseatic port?

It later gave its name to a canal which speeded access to the North Sea from the Baltic.

-Kiel?

-Right. In which present-day country is Mers-el-Kebir,

where, in 1940, the Royal Navy sank several French warships to prevent them falling into German hands?

Let's have an answer, please.

-Libya?

-No, Algeria. Which anchorage at the entrance to Portsmouth Harbour is the traditional venue

for Royal Navy reviews?

Er...

-The Solent?

-No, it's Spithead. 10 points for this.

"In English, a note of aspiration sounded only by a strong emission of the breath

"without any conformation of the organs of speech

"and, therefore, by many grammarians accounted no letter." Which letter did Dr Johnson define thus?

-H?

-H is correct, yes.

Bonuses on a German philosopher.

Author of the 1966 work Negative Dialectics, which Marxist critical theorist argued

that a "culture industry" had negated freedom and working-class resistance was all but extinguished?

Let's have an answer, please.

-Sorry? Chomsky?

-No, it was Theodor Adorno.

He was one of the authors of The Authoritarian Personality which introduced the F Scale,

designed to identify certain political tendencies. For what does the letter F stand?

-Fascist?

-Fascism is correct, yes. With Max Horkheimer and Herbert Macuse,

he was a leading member of a school associated with the Institute for Social Research,

founded in which city in 1923?

-Bonn?

-No, it's Frankfurt. We're going to take a picture round.

You'll see the outline of a route taken by an historical explorer.

10 points if you can give me the name of the explorer who commanded the first expedition on this route.

-Cook?

-Anyone from Newcastle?

-Magellan?

-Magellan is correct, yes.

Following on from Magellan, three more maps showing the outline of routes undertaken for the first time

by European explorers. 5 points for each you can name.

Firstly...

-Cortes?

-Correct. Secondly...

-Vasco da Gama?

-No, Bartolomeu Dias.

And, finally...

-Marco Polo.

-Marco Polo, yes.

Right, 10 points for this.

In the 1591 work In Artem Analyticam Isagoge,

Francois Viete, a code-breaker in the service of Henry III and IV of France,

introduced the first systematic notation for what branch of mathematics?

Calculus?

Anyone like to buzz from Queen's? I'll tell you. It's algebra.

Describing the dominant motion of the universe,

what is the name of the equation V = H0D, where V is the observed velocity of a galaxy,

H0 is a constant expansion...

-The Hubble equation.

-Hubble's Law, correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on the art world in 1911.

1911 saw the formation of a group of artists including Walter Sickert,

Augustus John and Wyndham Lewis, taking its name from which area of London, where Sickert had a studio?

-Vauxhall?

-No, it's the Camden Town group.

1911 saw the birth in Paris of which artist, who died in 2010 aged 98

and whose works include a sculpture Maman in the form of a large spider, described as "an ode to my mother"?

-Sorry, we don't know.

-Louise Bourgeois. 1911 saw the placing in Pere Lachaise cemetery

of Jacob Epstein's memorial to which writer, who had died 11 years earlier?

-Oscar Wilde?

-Yes. Another starter.

Angela Carter, Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Salman Rushdie are among the exponents of what genre of...

-Magical Realism.

-Magic Realism is correct. Your bonuses this time are on astronomy.

Launched in February 2010 on a five-year mission to observe the Sun and its magnetic field,

for what do the letters SDO stand?

-Solar Dependent Orbit?

-No, Solar Dynamics Observatory. Bad luck.

What two-word term describes the massive explosions in the Sun's atmosphere,

as seen in the first-light images from the SDO?

-Solar flares.

-Solar flare activity is associated with regions of intense magnetic activity

but reduced temperature on the surface of the Sun. How are these regions known?

-Sun spots?

-Correct. Another starter question. Listen carefully.

Words meaning "Hasidic leader of extraordinary piety", "form of divorce in Islamic law"

and "Arab marketplace or bazaar" may all end in what letter, in a game of Scrabble worth 10 points?

K?

Anyone like to have a go from Queen's?

-Q?

-Q is correct, yes.

Your bonuses this time are on poetry, Queen's.

In each case I'll give you a series of words from a well-known poem in the order in which they appear.

Identify the poem and its author. First, from a poem of 1816 -

river, caverns, sea, rills, forests,

hills, chasm, fountain and ocean.

-Come on.

-Wordsworth, The Prelude?

-No, Kubla Khan by Coleridge.

From a poem dated 1917 now: toast, tea,

coffee, tea, cake, ices,

marmalade, tea and peach.

-No, sorry.

-That's Eliot's Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock.

And, finally, from a work of 1751: parting, lowing,

glimmering, droning, moping,

mouldering, twittering, blazing and fleeting.

-Nominate Greenwood.

-The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope?

-How on Earth did you get that?!

No, it's Gray's Elegy. Included on a Times Literary Supplement list

of the most influential books published since 1945,

A Study Of Economics As If People Mattered is the subtitle of which 1973 work

by the German-born British economist EF Schumacher?

-Small Is Beautiful.

-Yes, correct!

Your bonuses are on cheese making.

What enzyme, traditionally derived from the stomach of a mammal,

is used to coagulate casein in the initial stage of making hard cheese?

-Rennet?

-Correct. Species of which genus of fungi are responsible

for the veins in blue cheeses such as Stilton and Roquefort?

-Yeah? That's not a fungi...

-Come on.

-Bacillus?

No, penicillium. The production of carbon dioxide by proprioni bacterium freudenreichii

is responsible for a characteristic of the appearance of which Swiss cheese?

-Emmental.

-Emmental is right. It's the holes therein. We're going to take a music round now.

Your starter is a song sung in English that won the Eurovision Song Contest.

10 points for the country the artist was representing and the year in which they won.

# Love, oh, love I gotta tell you how I feel about you

# Cos I, oh, I can't go a minute without your love

# Like a satellite

# I'm in orbit all the way around you

# And I would fall down... #

Macedonia, 2005?

No. Queen's, you can't, please, want to hear any more of it. No, you've no idea...

-Turkey, 2008?

-No. It was Germany, 2010. There's more of this rubbish coming up,

when someone gets the bonuses. In the meantime, someone's got to get a starter right.

Denoting a movable platform for a coffin, which short word is an anagram of a French soft cheese

and a homophone of an alcoholic beverage?

-Bier?

-Bier is right!

You have the pleasure of listening to some more Eurovision winners, singing in English,

though not necessarily an English act. You have to tell me the country each was representing

and the decade in which they won. Firstly...

# Take me to your heaven

# Hold on to the dream

# Take me to your heaven

# When my nights are cold and lonely

# Riding high together

# On a journey to the stars Take me to your heaven... #

Is it Sweden, '70s?

It is Sweden, but the '90s. Time stood still in Sweden. So you don't get that. Secondly...

# Hold me now

# Don't cry Don't say a word

# Just hold me now

# And try to understand... #

Switzerland in the '80s?

That was Ireland. It was the '80s. You don't get those points either. There's no shame in not getting it.

Finally...

# Kisses for me Save all your kisses for me

# Bye-bye, baby, bye-bye

# Don't cry, honey, don't cry... #

-Is it the UK in the '80s?

-Thank heavens you didn't get it. It was the UK in the 1970s.

Thank you for saving us from any more.

What surname links the supermarket chain Tesco, Ben and Jerry's ice cream, the album Stars Of Love...

-Cohen?

-Cohen is right, yes.

Your bonuses are on Russian literature.

Which Russian poet created the fictional poet Vladimir Lensky,

who was killed in a duel? The poet himself died after a duel in 1837 over an affair.

-Pushkin?

-Correct. The elegy for Pushkin known in English as The Death of a Poet

was the work of which younger writer, who was killed in a duel in 1841?

I don't know any more.

-Can we have an answer, please?

-Oh, Dostoevsky.

No, it was Lermontov. The short story The Duel, published in 1891, is by which author and playwright?

-Chekhov.

-Yes. 10 points for this.

Operas by Massenet and Puccini and a three-act ballet by Kenneth MacMillan were all inspired

by which novel of 1731 by Abbe Prevost? It tells the story of a young girl and her lover Des Grieux.

That's Manon Lescaut. Big Ben, the great bell of Westminster that sounds the hour in the clock tower,

has, since its crack was repaired in 1862, imperfectly struck which note to which it was originally tuned?

-D?

-Anyone like to have a go from Queen's?

-C sharp?

-No, it's E. Another starter question.

In Greek tragedy, which daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra

incited her brother Orestes to kill their mother in revenge for her murder of their father?

-Electra.

-Electra is right, yes.

Your bonuses are on chemistry. What term describes a compound such as aluminium hydroxide

that can act as both an acid and a base?

-Amphoteric?

-Correct. When aluminium hydroxide reacts with an acid,

it produces an aluminium salt. What is the product when it reacts with a base?

Come on.

-No, sorry.

-An aluminate. Finally, which weak di-basic acid

is produced when carbon dioxide dissolves in water?

-Carbonic acid.

-Correct.

A second picture round now.

You'll see a painting of a scene from a Shakespeare play. 10 points for identifying the two characters.

-Romeo and Juliet?

-Yes, of course. By Ford Madox Brown.

Your picture bonuses are three more 19th-century paintings of couples in Shakespeare's plays.

In each case, give me both characters and the title of the play. Firstly...

-Nominate Greenwood.

-Is it Oberon and Titania from Midsummer Night's Dream?

No, Hermia and Lysander from Midsummer Night's Dream. Secondly...

-Hamlet and Ophelia from Hamlet?

-No, it's Orsino and Viola from Twelfth Night. And finally...

-Nominate Greenwood.

-The Merchant of Venice...

-No, Ferdinand and Miranda in The Tempest.

Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881, George Biddell Airy used a sphero-cylindrical lens

to correct what type of defect in his own vision, characterised by uneven curvature of the cornea?

-Astigmatism.

-Correct.

Your bonuses, Newcastle, are on US cities.

Identify the states in which the two cities are located

and make a word from those states' postal abbreviation. For example,

Denver and Chicago are in Colorado and Illinois. That's CO and IL.

So the word "coil" would be the answer. OK?

First, Boston and Buffalo.

-Many?

-Yes, Massachusetts and New York. Secondly, New Orleans and Norfolk.

Louisiana and Virginia.

-Love.

-No, it's lava. Louisiana and Virginia.

Finally, Milwaukee and Omaha.

-Nebraska!

-And...?

Milwaukee is...Wisconsin. Wine!

-Wine.

-Wine is right. 10 points for this.

From the Italian meaning "flank",

the chess term "fianchetto" is used for the development of which piece

by moving it one square onto a long diagonal?

-Bishop?

-Bishop is right, yes.

This set of bonuses, Newcastle, are on sport.

Named after an area of Islington, the White Conduit Club was a forerunner of which sporting entity,

whose foundation in 1787 is marked by a plaque in Dorset Square?

-Marylebone Cricket Club.

-Marylebone Cricket Club?

-The MCC, right.

An attempt to produce standard rules at the Freemason's Tavern in London in 1863 led to the formation

of which sporting body? The knockout competition that bears its name began eight years later.

-The FA.

-The FA?

-It is the Football Association.

Which sport's governing body came into being at a meeting of northern clubs in Huddersfield in 1895?

-Rugby league.

-Rugby league.

Right. 10 points for this starter. Four minutes to go.

Shallow enough to fit under a stereo-microscope and often filled with agar, the glass or plastic...

-Petri?

-Petri is right, yes. Another set of bonuses for you, Newcastle. They're on history.

I want the century which began with the following on the thrones of their countries.

Firstly, Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark, Otto III of the Holy Roman Empire and Ethelred the Unready of England.

-10th?

-No, it was the 11th. Ahuitzotl of the Aztecs,

Ferdinand II of Aragon and James IV of Scotland.

-16th?

-Correct. Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire,

Leopold II of the Belgians and Wilhelmina of the Netherlands.

-20th?

-20th century is right.

When it adopted a new constitution in 1999, which country added the word "Bolivarian" to its full name,

in honour of Simon Bolivar?

-Venezuela.

-Correct. Another set of bonuses, on European languages.

Branches of which major language family include Hellenic, Germanic and Romance?

I need an answer. Come on.

-Come on.

-Indo-European?

-Correct.

The official language of a West Asian republic, which Indo-European language has 7 million speakers

and is known to them as Hayeren?

-Come on.

-Armenian.

-Armenian?

-Correct.

To which branch of the Indo-European family do Serbian, Bulgarian and Ukrainian belong?

-Slavic?

-Correct. 10 points for this. Answer as soon as you buzz.

If a nine-volt battery has a fixed internal resistance of 0.25 Ohms,

what is the maximum current it can supply?

-36 amps?

-Correct!

Here are your bonuses. They're on scientific terms beginning with the prefix "chloro".

In each case, give the word from the definition. In chemistry,

a volatile, colourless liquid, formula CHCl3, used as an anaesthetic or solvent?

-Chloroform?

-Correct. In medicine, a drug used in the prevention of malaria and as an anti-rheumatic?

-Chloroquinine.

-Chloroquine, yes.

In biology, a membrane-bound organelle containing chlorophyll?

-Chloroplast.

-Correct. What regnal number links the only Englishman to be Pope,

the British monarch nicknamed The Sailor King and the tsar known as Ivan the Terrible?

-Six?

-No. Queen's, anyone?

-The Second.

-No, it's Fourth. 10 points for this.

Man and Boy, played by Viggo Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee,

are the two main characters in...

-The Road.

-Correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on volcanic islands. Which Pacific island,

the largest of a chain and known as Big Island, is formed by five volcanoes,

one of which is often claimed to be the world's most active?

-Oahu?

-No, it's Hawaii.

The US territory of Guam is part of which volcanic island arc named after a Spanish queen?

-Marianas?

-Correct. Which chain of volcanic islands are the westernmost part of the United States

-and are in the northern end of the Pacific "Ring of Fire"?

-GONG

You're a very democratic team! You spent too long conferring.

Thank you very much for taking part, Queen's. We have to say goodbye.

Well done, Newcastle. Terrific score. We'll see you again.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then it's goodbye from Queen's University, Belfast,

goodbye from Newcastle University, and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

Subtitles by Subtext for Red Bee Media Ltd - 2011

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