Y Trên i Ravensbruck

Line	From	To
-888	0:00:00	0:00:00
-888 - -888	0:00:00	0:00:02
-888	0:00:07	0:00:09
-888	0:00:18	0:00:20
-Germany	0:00:23	0:00:28
-We've been to Germany a few times -to visit members of the family.	0:00:33	0:00:37
-But the years just fly by.	0:00:37	0:00:40
-We must remind ourselves...	0:00:42	0:00:44
-..of the events and suffering -which occurred during World War II.	0:00:45	0:00:50
-We need to realize how critical that -generation was to our family story.	0:00:51	0:00:57
-This time, -we're specifically going to see...	0:01:05	0:01:09
-..Ravensbruck concentration camp.	0:01:10	0:01:12
-It is where my grandmother died.	0:01:17	0:01:19
-She was probably killed.	0:01:19	0:01:21
-I think the time my grandmother -spent at Ravensbruck...	0:01:24	0:01:28
-..was utterly harrowing.	0:01:28	0:01:30
-I think any findings in Germany -will be hard.	0:01:40	0:01:45
-You're talking about your family.	0:01:45	0:01:48
-Although -I didn't know them personally...	0:01:48	0:01:51
-..you're talking about -close blood relatives.	0:01:51	0:01:55
-The circumstances -which they had to cope with...	0:01:56	0:02:00
-..is beyond comprehension.	0:02:00	0:02:05
-I know my grandfather -tried to find out...	0:02:08	0:02:11
-..what exactly happened -to my grandmother there...	0:02:11	0:02:14
-..but he never got the whole story.	0:02:15	0:02:17
-But at least we can go -to remember her...	0:02:17	0:02:21
-..to remember how she suffered more -than any other member of the family.	0:02:21	0:02:26
-I'm not looking forward -to finding out more...	0:02:28	0:02:31
-..because it's easier not knowing.	0:02:31	0:02:34
-It's far easier to close the door -and not think about it...	0:02:34	0:02:38
-..rather than uncovering facts...	0:02:38	0:02:42
-..which could be painful, -especially for Dad.	0:02:42	0:02:46
-It's important for us to remember...	0:02:48	0:02:50
-..but we must also pass on -information to future generations.	0:02:50	0:02:55
-We must be aware -of our family history...	0:02:56	0:02:58
-..as well as the history -of the 20th Century.	0:02:59	0:03:02
-Swansea	0:03:17	0:03:19
-Over the past ten years -since the death of my mother...	0:03:19	0:03:22
-..I've started sifting through -hundreds of documents and letters...	0:03:23	0:03:27
-..which belong to the family.	0:03:27	0:03:29
-I've tried to fill the gaps -and to find out more...	0:03:29	0:03:33
-..about what happened -to family members during the war.	0:03:33	0:03:36
-My mother and grandmother -shared the same name.	0:03:37	0:03:40
-My grandmother in Germany -was called Kathe Bosse...	0:03:40	0:03:43
-..and Mam's name -was Kate Bosse-Griffiths.	0:03:43	0:03:47
-She was forced to flee from Germany -before the war.	0:03:48	0:03:51
-I have very fond memories of Oma - -my grandmother who lived in Swansea.	0:03:52	0:03:57
-We'd have Sunday lunch at Oma's.	0:03:58	0:04:00
-She'd prepare a German feast -for us every Sunday.	0:04:00	0:04:04
-I was aware at a young age she was -different from other grandmothers.	0:04:05	0:04:09
-I was always aware she was German.	0:04:10	0:04:12
-I learnt German rhymes, -rhymes for the fingers and so forth.	0:04:13	0:04:17
-Her background was there -the whole time...	0:04:18	0:04:21
-..even though she never -talked about it with us directly.	0:04:21	0:04:25
-Back in the 1930s...	0:04:30	0:04:32
-..this journey between Berlin and -Wittenberg in north east Germany...	0:04:32	0:04:37
-..would've been one my grandmother, -or Oma, would've made many times.	0:04:37	0:04:42
-My mother -was fascinated by archaeology.	0:04:42	0:04:46
-She had a PhD in the subject.	0:04:46	0:04:50
-She'd started working -in the Egyptology department...	0:04:50	0:04:54
-..at the national museum in Berlin.	0:04:54	0:04:57
-Oma's mother, my great-grandmother, -Kathe Bosse...	0:04:59	0:05:02
-..married Paul Bosse in 1906 -and had four children.	0:05:03	0:05:07
-Paul Bosse was chief surgeon -at the hospital in Wittenberg.	0:05:08	0:05:11
-The family lived a prosperous life -in Wittenberg.	0:05:13	0:05:17
-They were a part -of the upper middle class.	0:05:17	0:05:20
-Oma went skiing.	0:05:20	0:05:22
-They were Christians -and went to church in Wittenberg.	0:05:22	0:05:26
-But the family had Jewish ancestry.	0:05:26	0:05:29
-That would eventually -change their lives forever.	0:05:29	0:05:33
-Paul Bosse -was apparently a strict father.	0:05:41	0:05:45
-He was a strong character -and a proud German.	0:05:45	0:05:49
-He would've played his part -in World War I as a medic.	0:05:50	0:05:56
-He was awarded the Iron Cross...	0:05:56	0:05:59
-..and two other medals for his work -treating injured soldiers.	0:05:59	0:06:03
-He'd have been a part of -the German regime and proud of that.	0:06:04	0:06:08
-I also know -he attended the Olympic Games.	0:06:08	0:06:12
-This is from the 1936 Olympics -in Berlin.	0:06:12	0:06:16
-Those were the Games in which Hitler -wanted to see white people...	0:06:16	0:06:20
-..gaining supremacy, -but that didn't happen.	0:06:20	0:06:23
-To some extent, he may have -over-emphasized his German nature...	0:06:23	0:06:29
-..when he realized -that their Jewish ancestry...	0:06:29	0:06:32
-..could endanger him and his family.	0:06:32	0:06:36
-The maiden name of Kathe Bosse, -Paul Bosse's wife, was Levin.	0:06:44	0:06:50
-Levin was the Jewish family name.	0:06:50	0:06:53
-In their attempt -to become Germans and Christians...	0:06:53	0:06:58
-..the family changed their name -from Levin to Ledin.	0:06:58	0:07:02
-Many Jewish families across -the country changed their names...	0:07:02	0:07:06
-..to be more like local names.	0:07:06	0:07:08
-They were a Christian family -and went to church in Wittenberg.	0:07:11	0:07:17
-They hadn't practised the Jewish -faith for one or two generations.	0:07:17	0:07:22
-Kathe Bosse's -certificate of confirmation...	0:07:26	0:07:29
-..to the Christian faith -at the age of five is proof of this.	0:07:29	0:07:33
-They were a family which belonged -to the Lutheran church.	0:07:39	0:07:43
-My grandmother -was of Jewish descent...	0:07:45	0:07:48
-..but her parents -would've converted from Judaism...	0:07:49	0:07:54
-..to the Lutheran church.	0:07:54	0:07:57
-The irony, of course, was although -they were Christians...	0:08:01	0:08:05
-..fifteen members of the family -were persecuted...	0:08:05	0:08:08
-..because of her Jewish ancestry.	0:08:09	0:08:11
-Hitler came to power in 1933.	0:08:16	0:08:19
-One of the important laws to him -were the ones against the Jews.	0:08:19	0:08:25
-In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws -restricted their rights...	0:08:25	0:08:29
-..and on the work -they were allowed to do.	0:08:30	0:08:32
-They weren't allowed -to hold public office.	0:08:32	0:08:35
-There were specific laws on marriage.	0:08:35	0:08:38
-Germans were prohibited -from marrying Jews.	0:08:38	0:08:41
-In time, the rights of Jews -became more and more restricted.	0:08:41	0:08:45
-Ahnenpass. What was the Ahnenpass?	0:08:48	0:08:51
-It was some sort of ancestry card.	0:08:52	0:08:54
-It was their duty to trace -their ancestors back six generations.	0:08:55	0:08:59
-The main objective...	0:09:00	0:09:01
-..was to see if there was -any Jewish blood in the family.	0:09:02	0:09:06
-We know that some Nazis -were hostile towards the family...	0:09:08	0:09:14
-..especially at the hospital.	0:09:14	0:09:16
-One particular surgeon was totally -anti-Semitic towards the family.	0:09:16	0:09:22
-My grandfather -was ordered to leave his post.	0:09:22	0:09:25
-He then founded his own hospital -at the family's home...	0:09:26	0:09:31
-..which was a great success.	0:09:31	0:09:34
-What's that?	0:09:35	0:09:36
-If you look closely, Greta, you can -see the names, Paul and Kathe Bosse.	0:09:37	0:09:42
-They're your great-great-grandmother -and great-great-grandfather.	0:09:42	0:09:46
-This is where they lived -and where the clinic started.	0:09:47	0:09:50
-Here we can see Hitler.	0:09:50	0:09:53
-Paul Bosse is next to him.	0:09:53	0:09:55
-Hitler is shaking hands -with a patient.	0:09:56	0:09:59
-That happened in 1935 -when there was a fire...	0:10:00	0:10:04
-..at a munitions factory -near Wittenberg.	0:10:04	0:10:08
-Tens of people died -and hundreds were injured.	0:10:08	0:10:11
-Paul Bosse was praised for his work -treating the patients.	0:10:12	0:10:16
-I'm sure he welcomed the visit...	0:10:16	0:10:21
-..that Hitler greeted him -and saw his work.	0:10:21	0:10:26
-It gave him recognition -within the German order at the time.	0:10:26	0:10:32
-We're specifically going back -to Wittenberg this time...	0:10:35	0:10:41
-..to see a small memorial which has -been placed outside the family home.	0:10:41	0:10:46
-As a tribute, -some citizens of Wittenberg...	0:10:46	0:10:50
-..were eager to remember the Jews -who were killed in the war.	0:10:50	0:10:55
-They arranged a memorial -for my grandmother this year.	0:10:55	0:10:59
-She was arrested in 1944, -sent to Halle prison...	0:11:00	0:11:05
-..and later sent to Ravensbruck.	0:11:06	0:11:09
-She was killed there -on December 16, 1944.	0:11:09	0:11:13
-It's wonderful that the local people -still remember the name Bosse.	0:11:26	0:11:30
-The name has been kept -for a brand-new hospital.	0:11:31	0:11:34
-Seeing his name on this hospital...	0:11:35	0:11:38
-..gives me a sense of pride -that the name lives on.	0:11:38	0:11:41
-Hello.	0:11:47	0:11:48
-THEY SPEAK GERMAN	0:11:48	0:11:50
-It was an honour to meet Renate.	0:11:54	0:11:57
-She was a part of the effort -to establish memorials for Jews.	0:11:57	0:12:01
-Without knowing us, she's looked -into our family history...	0:12:02	0:12:06
-..has made every effort -to get to know us...	0:12:06	0:12:09
-..and is over the moon -that we've come here.	0:12:09	0:12:12
-I have brought something -to show you.	0:12:12	0:12:15
-A memorial which was printed -in our local paper on December 16...	0:12:16	0:12:24
-..to remember your grandmother.	0:12:24	0:12:30
-65 years -since the death of your grandmother.	0:12:30	0:12:33
-And now, another surprise.	0:12:34	0:12:36
-We're going to meet Dr Senst, -a local historian in Wittenberg.	0:12:37	0:12:48
-As a patient, -he was treated by your grandfather.	0:12:49	0:12:53
-I know my grandfather -made every effort...	0:12:53	0:12:57
-..to find out -what happened to his wife.	0:12:57	0:13:00
-He only succeeded -in gleaning some information.	0:13:00	0:13:03
-That gap in our knowledge -is still with us.	0:13:04	0:13:07
-That gap in our knowledge -is still in our thoughts.	0:13:07	0:13:12
-So my grandfather treated you?	0:13:18	0:13:21
-Yes, in 1932 when I was 5 years old.	0:13:22	0:13:28
-Dr Senst -talked about a personal matter...	0:13:29	0:13:32
-..an incident which occurred when he -was a young boy - he severed a vein.	0:13:33	0:13:38
-My grandfather treated him -and then called him the knife hero.	0:13:38	0:13:43
-A little humour -in the middle of it all!	0:13:43	0:13:46
-Yes, the knife hero!	0:13:46	0:13:48
-The knife hero!	0:13:51	0:13:53
-It was nice to hear -that the family wasn't persecuted...	0:13:54	0:13:59
-..by members of the local community.	0:13:59	0:14:02
-Although the Gestapo -set up near the family...	0:14:03	0:14:07
-..with the intention of gathering -information against the family...	0:14:07	0:14:12
-..no-one betrayed them.	0:14:12	0:14:14
-That was great to hear, to know -that the family was well-respected.	0:14:14	0:14:18
-I spoke to a group of women...	0:14:19	0:14:21
-..who survived -the Ravensbruck concentration camp.	0:14:21	0:14:25
-Some of them were Jews, -and they said...	0:14:26	0:14:29
-.."We never thought of ourselves -as Jews.	0:14:30	0:14:33
-"We are not Jews. -They made us Jews."	0:14:33	0:14:39
-That's very relevant -to the story of your family.	0:14:41	0:14:45
-When your grandmother, -Kathe Bosse, was arrested...	0:14:46	0:14:50
-..she was imprisoned -first of all in Wittenberg.	0:14:50	0:14:54
-She was then sent to Halle...	0:14:54	0:14:58
-..and then Leipzig -for two to three days.	0:14:58	0:15:02
-From Leipzig, she was transported -to Ravensbruck concentration camp.	0:15:02	0:15:06
-I didn't know that she'd been moved -from Halle to Leipzig...	0:15:09	0:15:15
-..and was then transported -from Leipzig to Ravensbruck.	0:15:15	0:15:20
-That unexpected moment is difficult.	0:15:23	0:15:26
-The realization...	0:15:28	0:15:30
-..being in some way -part of the experience...	0:15:30	0:15:33
-..and thinking about it all...	0:15:33	0:15:36
-..can be difficult.	0:15:36	0:15:37
-When a woman like Kathe Bosse -arrived at such a place...	0:15:40	0:15:49
-..there would've been -no hope for her.	0:15:49	0:15:52
-People always ask - -did she die or was she murdered?	0:15:52	0:15:56
-The truth is, being forced to live -in those conditions is murder.	0:15:58	0:16:08
-Being transported to Ravensbruck -in 1944 was certainly murder.	0:16:09	0:16:18
-.	0:16:20	0:16:20
-888	0:16:24	0:16:24
-888 - -888	0:16:24	0:16:26
-My mother was very interested -in archaeology.	0:16:39	0:16:42
-She had started working -in the Egyptology department...	0:16:42	0:16:46
-..at the national museum in Berlin.	0:16:46	0:16:49
-Quite soon after, -she lost her job there...	0:16:49	0:16:52
-..after someone disclosed -that she was of Jewish descent.	0:16:52	0:16:56
-She didn't have much choice -after that.	0:16:56	0:16:58
-Holding public office in Germany -was impossible.	0:16:59	0:17:02
-Consider what they had experienced...	0:17:02	0:17:06
-..in the years -since Hitler came to power.	0:17:06	0:17:10
-There were restrictions -on the family...	0:17:10	0:17:13
-..and restrictions -on what Jewish people could do.	0:17:13	0:17:16
-There was no choice.	0:17:17	0:17:19
-My grandmother came to Britain in -1936, having escaped from Germany.	0:17:21	0:17:26
-She went to Scotland and to London -before going to Oxford...	0:17:26	0:17:30
-..where she met my grandfather, -J Gwyn Griffiths.	0:17:30	0:17:33
-They were both academics -and they fell in love.	0:17:33	0:17:36
-They secretly married in 1939 and -initially settled in the Rhondda.	0:17:37	0:17:43
-Eventually, they had two sons...	0:17:44	0:17:46
-..Robat who runs Y Lolfa press -in Talybont and my father...	0:17:46	0:17:50
-..who has worked -for the Welsh language all his life.	0:17:50	0:17:54
-She obviously blossomed -during that period...	0:17:54	0:17:57
-..and threw herself into Welsh life.	0:17:57	0:17:59
-She immersed herself -in a new culture...	0:17:59	0:18:02
-..which provided her with an escape -from what had happened in Germany.	0:18:02	0:18:07
-I think that -finding a new community...	0:18:08	0:18:12
-..of people like herself...	0:18:13	0:18:16
-..allowed her to throw herself...	0:18:16	0:18:19
-..into her new life in Wales.	0:18:19	0:18:21
-I think Wales -should be very proud...	0:18:21	0:18:24
-..of having welcomed -a refugee like my mother.	0:18:24	0:18:28
-My mother was fortunately -given the opportunity...	0:18:34	0:18:39
-..to develop her interest -in archaeology and Egyptology...	0:18:39	0:18:43
-..when she came to Swansea.	0:18:43	0:18:45
-She was the archaeological curator -at the museum there.	0:18:45	0:18:49
-They acquired a vast collection -of relics.	0:18:49	0:18:52
-My mother spent thirty years -cataloguing and labelling them.	0:18:52	0:18:57
-It was quite detailed research work.	0:18:57	0:18:59
-What's lovely is that the girls -go to the museum in Swansea...	0:19:02	0:19:06
-..and they do exactly...	0:19:06	0:19:08
-..what Oma -would have wished them to do.	0:19:08	0:19:11
-They can take part in the museum - -touch things and make things.	0:19:11	0:19:16
-It's nice to think how happy -Oma would have been to see them...	0:19:16	0:19:20
-..enjoying the museum.	0:19:20	0:19:22
-Mam didn't talk much.	0:19:27	0:19:31
-She would talk about Germany - -relatives would come to stay.	0:19:31	0:19:35
-But I think she was very typical -of those who suffered during the war.	0:19:36	0:19:42
-They couldn't talk about it.	0:19:42	0:19:44
-It's very common -for fifty years to go by...	0:19:46	0:19:50
-..before people -can start thinking about it.	0:19:50	0:19:54
-It's too emotional.	0:19:54	0:19:56
-It's impossible to talk or think -about such horrific experiences.	0:19:57	0:20:03
-It's difficult to say...	0:20:06	0:20:08
-..whether she found it too difficult -to talk about her past.	0:20:08	0:20:13
-Obviously, -she had started a new life.	0:20:13	0:20:16
-Perhaps she had closed the door -on a lot of those feelings...	0:20:16	0:20:22
-..and suffered in silence.	0:20:22	0:20:24
-Who knows?	0:20:24	0:20:27
-Obviously, she'd been hurt -beyond all comprehension.	0:20:29	0:20:35
-How can you talk -about feelings like that?	0:20:35	0:20:40
-Especially with grandchildren.	0:20:40	0:20:42
-Perhaps it's something -people just don't talk about.	0:20:42	0:20:46
-Perhaps it was easier -for her not to talk about it.	0:20:46	0:20:49
-During the war, -sending letters was impossible.	0:20:53	0:20:56
-Six years, I think, went by...	0:20:56	0:20:59
-..before she was able -to write a letter to her father.	0:20:59	0:21:02
-She lived through the war -not knowing what was happening.	0:21:02	0:21:06
-Things went from bad to worse -for the family in Wittenberg.	0:21:09	0:21:13
-The Nazis confiscated -Kathe Bosse's possessions.	0:21:14	0:21:17
-Her brother, Hans, -who was a solicitor, was arrested...	0:21:17	0:21:21
-..and sent to -the Buchenwald concentration camp.	0:21:21	0:21:24
-Kathe Bosse's sister, Eva, -killed herself...	0:21:24	0:21:27
-..in order to save her husband's -military career.	0:21:27	0:21:31
-Kathe's daughter, Dolly, was no -longer allowed to work as a doctor.	0:21:31	0:21:36
-Her sons, Fritz and Gunther, -were thrown out of the Wehrmacht.	0:21:38	0:21:42
-All because one member of their -family was of Jewish descent...	0:21:42	0:21:47
-..my grandmother, Kathe Bosse.	0:21:47	0:21:49
-Later, there were again some letters -between my mother and Paul Bosse.	0:21:52	0:21:58
-In one letter, -he regrets the fact...	0:21:58	0:22:02
-..that his wife didn't go with -my mother to England at that time.	0:22:02	0:22:06
-She had been determined -to remain with her family.	0:22:07	0:22:12
-She wanted to keep the family unit -intact.	0:22:12	0:22:15
-At that time, no-one knew -what the result of that would be.	0:22:15	0:22:19
-There are some verses here.	0:22:20	0:22:22
-From Paul Bosse.	0:22:23	0:22:26
-To Oma.	0:22:27	0:22:28
-"You build your home"	0:22:29	0:22:32
-What does 'treue' mean?	0:22:35	0:22:37
-"Where your loyalty lies	0:22:40	0:22:43
-"Your closest family -are your shield	0:22:43	0:22:48
-"Together you can fight	0:22:48	0:22:51
-"Because love unites	0:22:53	0:22:55
-"Those are the strongest ties	0:22:55	0:22:57
-"Those are the ties that no enemy -can break or undo	0:22:57	0:23:02
-"That's how it will be"	0:23:05	0:23:06
-In mid 1944, after Stauffenberg -attempted to assassinate Hitler...	0:23:26	0:23:32
-..local Nazis stepped up -their persecution of Jews.	0:23:32	0:23:36
-They arrested the entire family.	0:23:37	0:23:39
-Paul Bosse and Kathe Bosse -were imprisoned...	0:23:39	0:23:43
-..as were the rest of the family.	0:23:44	0:23:46
-Hello, how are you? -It's been a long time.	0:23:47	0:23:50
-I have a cousin, Juri, -who lives in Berlin.	0:23:50	0:23:53
-He is Dolly's grandson. -Dolly was Oma's sister.	0:23:53	0:23:56
-There is a close connection -between us.	0:23:56	0:23:59
-He came to Wales -to study Welsh at Aberystwyth.	0:23:59	0:24:02
-He's a German cousin -that I've known for some years.	0:24:02	0:24:06
-I've stayed with him in Berlin but -I haven't seen him for a long time.	0:24:06	0:24:11
-One strange thing that has happened, -is because of all this suffering...	0:24:11	0:24:16
-..the ties between us -and our German relations...	0:24:16	0:24:20
-..are stronger than our ties -with our Welsh family.	0:24:20	0:24:24
-It's strange to think -that this suffering...	0:24:24	0:24:27
-..has made people come together -and share their suffering.	0:24:28	0:24:31
-I think it's difficult for Dad.	0:24:31	0:24:34
-He loves going to Germany -and keeping in touch with his roots.	0:24:34	0:24:38
-But this journey -is particularly emotional for him.	0:24:39	0:24:43
-He's remembering his family -and where his mother came from.	0:24:44	0:24:48
-I think these things become -more important as you get older.	0:24:49	0:24:53
-I've thought a lot...	0:24:56	0:24:58
-..about whether or not to take -the children to Ravensbruck.	0:24:58	0:25:03
-I've decided not to. They are very -young - only 7 and 8 years old.	0:25:03	0:25:06
-I'd rather take them when -they'll understand things better.	0:25:07	0:25:11
-The children will love staying -with the family in Berlin...	0:25:11	0:25:15
-..and playing -with the other children.	0:25:15	0:25:18
-I don't think anyone can look -forward to going to such a place.	0:25:25	0:25:29
-It's very painful for anyone.	0:25:29	0:25:32
-But to think that someone -from your family was sent there...	0:25:32	0:25:36
-..makes it even more painful.	0:25:36	0:25:39
-It was my grandmother.	0:25:45	0:25:47
-I knew she was extremely worried -about going there.	0:25:47	0:25:52
-There is one note from a woman -who was with her in Halle.	0:25:52	0:25:56
-She said she was petrified -that she'd be sent to Auschwitz...	0:25:56	0:26:00
-..and knew that -she wouldn't survive the experience.	0:26:00	0:26:06
-.	0:26:14	0:26:15
-888	0:26:17	0:26:17
-888 - -888	0:26:17	0:26:19
-Ravensbruck Concentration Camp, -90km north of Berlin.	0:26:49	0:26:53
-I think the time my grandmother -spent at Ravensbruck...	0:26:56	0:27:00
-..was utterly harrowing.	0:27:01	0:27:03
-My grandfather -would have known already...	0:27:04	0:27:06
-..that she had attempted suicide -several times.	0:27:07	0:27:11
-This was -because of the circumstances...	0:27:13	0:27:15
-..and the way she, her family -and the Jews were being treated.	0:27:16	0:27:20
-The whole thing -is yet more horrific...	0:27:20	0:27:23
-..because Ravensbruck was a camp -for innocent women and children.	0:27:23	0:27:28
-Arriving at Ravensbruck and -seeing the child in the sculpture...	0:27:32	0:27:37
-..the small feet, you immediately -think of your own children.	0:27:37	0:27:42
-You think of children similar to -your own suffering at Ravensbruck...	0:27:42	0:27:47
-..along with their mothers.	0:27:47	0:27:49
-The snow made Ravensbruck -look too picturesque in a way.	0:27:51	0:27:55
-But beneath the snow -there's great darkness.	0:27:55	0:27:59
-You cannot begin to imagine -how the place was.	0:27:59	0:28:02
-By August 1944, the camp was -overcrowded with women and children.	0:28:06	0:28:12
-A huge tent was put up on the site -in order to accommodate them all.	0:28:14	0:28:19
-The memorial denotes -that 4,000 women and children...	0:28:19	0:28:23
-..were stuffed into that tent.	0:28:23	0:28:25
-They suffered terribly -in the cruellest of conditions.	0:28:25	0:28:29
-It's strange to think -that we're here now...	0:28:35	0:28:37
-..and the different circumstances -under which Kathe was here.	0:28:38	0:28:41
-Yes, but we must remember -that ours is just one story...	0:28:42	0:28:45
-..and that there are six million -other similar stories.	0:28:46	0:28:49
-Six million other families have -suffered exactly the same thing...	0:28:50	0:28:54
-..and worse.	0:28:54	0:28:55
-Our research -has revealed documents...	0:29:13	0:29:16
-..that will answer -some of your questions.	0:29:16	0:29:19
-We've found your grandmother's -transport document.	0:29:29	0:29:35
-This is proof that she arrived here.	0:29:36	0:29:38
-Was that 1st November, 1944?	0:29:41	0:29:46
-Here is a list of prisoners -who came to Ravensbruck.	0:29:48	0:29:52
-Your grandmother's name is here.	0:29:53	0:29:56
-There was no 'Sara' in her name. -Her name was Kathe Bosse.	0:30:00	0:30:04
-The Nazis gave her a Jewish name.	0:30:07	0:30:10
-The document shows the number -she would have worn on her arm.	0:30:11	0:30:19
-That's her number, is it?	0:30:20	0:30:22
-That's her number, is it? - -Yes.	0:30:22	0:30:23
-80911.	0:30:26	0:30:29
-In 1944, when your grandmother -came to the camp...	0:30:29	0:30:32
-..the conditions were atrocious.	0:30:33	0:30:38
-Circumstances were wretched. Food -was scarce and people were starving.	0:30:39	0:30:46
-There weren't enough clothes and the -winter of 1944-45 was bitterly cold.	0:30:46	0:30:54
-By the time she came here, -the conditions for women were grim.	0:30:55	0:30:59
-Food was scarce, -clothing was inadequate...	0:30:59	0:31:05
-..and disease was rife.	0:31:05	0:31:07
-Conditions were wretched. Getting -letters in and out was impossible.	0:31:10	0:31:14
-There was psychological suffering -on top of the physical suffering.	0:31:14	0:31:19
-What would she have been doing -in the six weeks she was here?	0:31:20	0:31:24
-It's hard to know.	0:31:24	0:31:25
-She was here for six weeks. -Would she have had to work?	0:31:26	0:31:32
-There are lots of questions -and not enough answers.	0:31:33	0:31:36
-She died after six weeks.	0:31:36	0:31:39
-From an illness perhaps?	0:31:39	0:31:45
-It's impossible to say. It could -have been a number of things.	0:31:49	0:31:52
-The horrific conditions in the camp, -the incidence of disease...	0:31:53	0:32:02
-..lack of food...	0:32:02	0:32:04
-..or she could have been worked -to death. We can't be 100% sure.	0:32:04	0:32:09
-Had the large tent been erected -by then?	0:32:10	0:32:13
-Yes. The camp was overcrowded.	0:32:13	0:32:15
-So the large tent had been erected -by November 1st?	0:32:16	0:32:21
-Would my grandmother -have had to go to the tent?	0:32:21	0:32:26
-No-one knows.	0:32:28	0:32:29
-It was a very dark time -in the history of the camp.	0:32:30	0:32:33
-This was when the gas chambers -were built at Ravensbruck.	0:32:33	0:32:37
-Between Autumn 1944 -and January 1945, two wooden huts...	0:32:39	0:32:46
-..were converted into gas chambers.	0:32:46	0:32:50
-Through harsh selection -at the camp...	0:32:50	0:32:54
-..they began executing women -at Ravensbruck...	0:32:55	0:33:00
-..in the gas chambers.	0:33:01	0:33:03
-It's so horrible.	0:33:16	0:33:17
-It's so horrible. - -It's horrific.	0:33:17	0:33:18
-Shall we take a break?	0:33:23	0:33:25
-We're talking about facts here...	0:33:29	0:33:31
-..as if they happened -to people in another time.	0:33:31	0:33:35
-The Final Journey, -a poem by Heini Gruffudd.	0:33:44	0:33:46
-"How did they take you to this hell?	0:33:46	0:33:49
-"The document said 'transport'	0:33:49	0:33:52
-"The single document -that records your captivity	0:33:52	0:33:56
-"You were of Jewish descent	0:33:56	0:33:59
-"And to be a Jew -was politically mortal	0:33:59	0:34:02
-"A lorry? A train? Full wagons?	0:34:04	0:34:08
-"One cannot come to terms -with imagining	0:34:09	0:34:12
-"Here we are in the comfort -of a two-storey train	0:34:13	0:34:16
-"Having paid 20 euros	0:34:16	0:34:18
-"For the privilege -of following the path to oblivion"	0:34:18	0:34:22
-Between 1939 and 1945...	0:34:26	0:34:29
-..90,000 women and children -were killed at Ravensbruck.	0:34:29	0:34:35
-Paul Bosse and his 4 children -survived the war.	0:34:37	0:34:41
-Their families still live on -in Germany, Sweden and Wales.	0:34:42	0:34:49
-I hope the last few days -will spur us on as a family...	0:34:59	0:35:05
-..to create a record -of the family's past.	0:35:05	0:35:10
-I also hope we'll be more open...	0:35:10	0:35:14
-..and be more prepared to talk -about the family's history.	0:35:14	0:35:18
-That can only be a good thing.	0:35:18	0:35:20
-Knowledge about what happened -in the Second World War is important.	0:35:25	0:35:31
-The generation -who lived through the war...	0:35:33	0:35:38
-..my grandparents and also -my mother, have a story to tell.	0:35:38	0:35:44
-The story should be remembered -as long as the family lives.	0:35:44	0:35:47
-It's crucial that it's passed -on to the next generation...	0:35:48	0:35:51
-..and to every generation -so that it becomes part...	0:35:52	0:35:55
-..of our family history as well -as being a part of European history.	0:35:56	0:36:00
-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.	0:36:32	0:36:34
-.	0:36:34	0:36:35

Y Trên i Ravensbruck O'r Galon

Similar Content

Factual

O'r Galon

Tu ôl i'r Graith

Irfon

Transcript

Download Subtitles

SRT

ASS