Yr Andes: Lowri Morgan ‹ Mynyddoedd y Byd

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-Mountains.	0:00:04	0:00:05
-The upper reaches of the world.	0:00:07	0:00:09
-A challenge and inspiration -for humanity.	0:00:10	0:00:14
-The people of the mountains -are tough and inventive.	0:00:17	0:00:21
-They've learnt how to live here -and maintain a culture.	0:00:22	0:00:26
-Below, the world is getting warmer.	0:00:29	0:00:32
-The climate is changing.	0:00:33	0:00:35
-The mountains are not separate from -the fate of the rest of the planet.	0:00:35	0:00:41
-From the peaks of Korea to the hills -of the Rwenzori in Africa.	0:00:44	0:00:49
-From the Alps to the Andes.	0:00:51	0:00:53
-From the Rockies to the Himalayas.	0:00:55	0:00:58
-This is the story of living -on the high parts of Earth.	0:00:59	0:01:04
-The mountains of the world.	0:01:07	0:01:09
-The Andes	0:01:18	0:01:22
-I'm in the Andes, the longest -mountain chain in the world.	0:01:29	0:01:33
-It extends almost 4,500 miles...	0:01:34	0:01:37
-..along the west coast -of South America.	0:01:38	0:01:41
-Along the chain are volcanoes -and striking summits...	0:01:41	0:01:46
-..which climb up to 20,000ft.	0:01:46	0:01:49
-Only in the Himalayas -will you find higher mountains.	0:01:50	0:01:54
-This is a landscape of extremes -if ever there was one.	0:01:57	0:02:01
-Extreme agriculture.	0:02:02	0:02:04
-Our forefathers understood what -grew best at every terrace level.	0:02:05	0:02:10
-Look how high those terraces are. -It's unbelievable.	0:02:10	0:02:13
-The extremes of the highest town in -the world are hard to believe too.	0:02:15	0:02:19
-Gold is mined here...	0:02:19	0:02:21
-..but the poor have to -scrape a living in the rubbish tips.	0:02:21	0:02:26
-Sometimes I get a bucket or two -of ore in a week.	0:02:27	0:02:33
-Sometimes - nothing.	0:02:33	0:02:36
-But a different type of gold -hides in the mountains.	0:02:38	0:02:41
-These golden animals produce -the most valuable wool in the world.	0:02:42	0:02:46
-Her coat is so fine.	0:02:46	0:02:49
-It's so beautiful.	0:02:50	0:02:51
-There's extreme beauty -in the mountains themselves as well.	0:02:52	0:02:56
-I'm standing in front of -the Cordillera and Pomabamba...	0:02:57	0:03:01
-..which are part -of the Peru-Bolivia border.	0:03:01	0:03:04
-They're one example -of the amazing scenery...	0:03:05	0:03:08
-..that extends along -an entire continent.	0:03:09	0:03:12
-Extreme running is my passion.	0:03:12	0:03:14
-But tackling the Amazonian jungle -or the Arctic...	0:03:14	0:03:18
-..aren't enough to prepare me -for running at extreme altitude.	0:03:19	0:03:24
-These are the Andes, where people -live life to the extreme.	0:03:27	0:03:33
-45 million years ago, a series -of seismic movements began...	0:03:35	0:03:39
-..which pushed the rocks upwards...	0:03:40	0:03:42
-..to form a landscape -which dominates South America.	0:03:42	0:03:46
-The Andes have shaped the entire -continent's weather and climate.	0:03:50	0:03:54
-It's also given a unique character -to the lives and culture...	0:03:56	0:04:00
-..of the people -who've made their home here.	0:04:00	0:04:03
-This is one of the Andes' -most famous cities, Cusco, in Peru.	0:04:04	0:04:09
-It's a World Heritage Site -and the capital of the Incas...	0:04:10	0:04:13
-..the kings of the largest empire -in the Americas...	0:04:13	0:04:17
-..before -the arrivals of the Europeans.	0:04:17	0:04:19
-Walking through Cusco -for the first time...	0:04:20	0:04:24
-..is literally breathtaking.	0:04:24	0:04:27
-We're 12,000ft above sea level.	0:04:27	0:04:31
-That's three times higher -than Snowdon.	0:04:31	0:04:34
-The air might be thin -and the oxygen lacking...	0:04:34	0:04:38
-..but one thing's for sure...	0:04:38	0:04:40
-..this place -has an incredibly rich history.	0:04:41	0:04:45
-If a day staring at ancient -monuments takes your breath away...	0:04:47	0:04:52
-..in the evening, a lack of oxygen -is likely to floor you.	0:04:54	0:04:59
-That's what worries me...	0:05:01	0:05:03
-..as I join a group -taking part in the latest gym craze.	0:05:03	0:05:07
-I came across CrossFit -in Lima in 2009.	0:05:12	0:05:15
-When I came to the city of Cusco, -no-one was ready for a new sport.	0:05:15	0:05:22
-I had to open my own gym.	0:05:23	0:05:29
-A tough combination -of gymnastics and weights...	0:05:31	0:05:34
-..is what Griella has introduced -to her new highland home.	0:05:35	0:05:38
-It's a popular gym - -the highest one in the world!	0:05:39	0:05:43
-Adapting to the altitude -is horrible.	0:05:43	0:05:47
-Believe you me, -no matter how fit you are...	0:05:50	0:05:53
-..the mountains -take you to another level.	0:05:53	0:05:56
-The exercise is so intense that -it takes people to the 'Puke Box'.	0:05:59	0:06:05
-Being sick is an annoyance -but other dangers are even worse.	0:06:06	0:06:09
-Rhabdomyolysis - an illness -which comes over you suddenly.	0:06:11	0:06:15
-It can kill you, -if you ask too much of your body.	0:06:15	0:06:21
-According to Griella, -there's no way to predict...	0:06:24	0:06:27
-..how altitude will affect people -coming to the gym.	0:06:28	0:06:31
-For me, weightlifting is the hardest -thing - it requires many strengths.	0:06:32	0:06:43
-At this altitude, you need a strong -heart as well as physical strength.	0:06:43	0:06:51
-That's enough fighting the altitude -for now.	0:07:00	0:07:04
-Fighting between two cultures...	0:07:04	0:07:07
-..is what's shaped the history -of the people in these mountains.	0:07:07	0:07:11
-In the streets of Cusco...	0:07:13	0:07:15
-..both cultures, -the Conquistadors and the Incas...	0:07:15	0:07:18
-..can literally be seen -on top of each other.	0:07:19	0:07:22
-The terracotta roofs -of the Spanish conquerors...	0:07:27	0:07:31
-..now fill the Cusco horizon.	0:07:31	0:07:33
-But if you look down, you'll see -the foundations of the old town...	0:07:34	0:07:39
-..that's been here for far longer.	0:07:39	0:07:41
-This wall was here...	0:07:41	0:07:43
-..before Columbus discovered -the Americas five centuries ago.	0:07:43	0:07:47
-The stones, whatever their shape, -fit perfectly, like a huge jigsaw.	0:07:49	0:07:55
-The pity is we can no longer see...	0:07:55	0:07:58
-..the entirety of these -wonderful ancient buildings.	0:07:58	0:08:02
-The Spaniard might have destroyed -their old palaces...	0:08:05	0:08:08
-..but the Incas were the real -masters of living in the highlands.	0:08:09	0:08:12
-This ancient site, Moray, -proves this.	0:08:14	0:08:18
-Not far to the north west of Cusco -is the Incas' sacred valley...	0:08:21	0:08:26
-..which is full of -striking and iconic ruins.	0:08:27	0:08:31
-It's a valley which was central...	0:08:31	0:08:33
-..to the way the Incas -mastered life here in the mountains.	0:08:34	0:08:38
-In a natural hollow -on the valley slopes...	0:08:39	0:08:43
-..archaeologists -have discovered a site...	0:08:43	0:08:46
-..which, at first glance, -looks like an amphitheatre.	0:08:46	0:08:50
-These circles, -with their terraces...	0:08:51	0:08:54
-..have puzzled historians -and experts over the years.	0:08:54	0:08:58
-But, they're now starting -to understand their purpose.	0:08:59	0:09:04
-The latest research suggests...	0:09:07	0:09:10
-..that Moray -was an agricultural laboratory.	0:09:10	0:09:13
-One of the site's -remarkable features...	0:09:15	0:09:18
-..is the huge difference -in temperature...	0:09:18	0:09:21
-..between -the highest and lowest terraces.	0:09:21	0:09:24
-It's as much as 15 degrees.	0:09:24	0:09:26
-This enabled the Incas -to experiment...	0:09:28	0:09:31
-..and discover -the best growing conditions.	0:09:31	0:09:34
-With this information...	0:09:36	0:09:37
-..the Incas succeeded -in transforming this continent...	0:09:37	0:09:41
-..in the same way -that the Romans transformed Europe.	0:09:41	0:09:45
-They say that as many as 60% of all -the food crops in the world today...	0:09:45	0:09:51
-..come from the Andes.	0:09:52	0:09:53
-Some of these would've grown here.	0:09:53	0:09:56
-The way they created a system...	0:09:58	0:10:00
-..to live -even in these tough conditions...	0:10:00	0:10:03
-..changed the history -of the whole continent.	0:10:03	0:10:07
-They were -the Romans of the Americas.	0:10:07	0:10:11
-But then came the Spaniards, -who saw the fertile land.	0:10:16	0:10:22
-They swept the Incas aside.	0:10:22	0:10:25
-The natives had to escape -even higher up the mountains.	0:10:28	0:10:32
-So high that farming was impossible.	0:10:33	0:10:36
-Impossible for everyone -apart from the Incas.	0:10:37	0:10:42
-.	0:10:43	0:10:43
-Subtitles	0:10:48	0:10:48
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:10:48	0:10:49
-The Moray terraces near Cusco.	0:10:49	0:10:52
-The Incas' agricultural nursery.	0:10:52	0:10:55
-But, after the Spanish conquistadors -nabbed the best land...	0:10:55	0:11:00
-..the Incas -had to use their farming skills...	0:11:00	0:11:03
-..on some -of the roughest terrain on Earth.	0:11:04	0:11:07
-The valleys -that cut through the mountains...	0:11:09	0:11:12
-..in this part of the Andes -are extremely steep.	0:11:12	0:11:16
-But, the Incas succeeded -in making use of the land.	0:11:16	0:11:20
-Around a million hectares -of terraces had been built...	0:11:20	0:11:24
-..before the Spanish arrived, -and they can still be seen today.	0:11:24	0:11:28
-This is Cuyocuyo, a remote community -in a high valley...	0:11:30	0:11:34
-..on the eastern side -of the Andes.	0:11:34	0:11:36
-The Incas' farming methods -still sustain the people here today.	0:11:36	0:11:41
-But there's more to their heritage -than agriculture.	0:11:41	0:11:45
-Our methods come from our ancestors, -and the way we work the land.	0:11:45	0:11:55
-It's in the blood, -the love for the Cuyocuyo valley.	0:11:55	0:12:02
-We're proud of our culture, -our folklore, our dancers, etc. etc.	0:12:04	0:12:09
-It all comes from our ancestors.	0:12:09	0:12:13
-Ademir Mamani, -a man of many talents.	0:12:13	0:12:17
-A musician, farmer and teacher.	0:12:17	0:12:20
-When he's finished working -in the classroom or the fields...	0:12:20	0:12:24
-..he likes to play the siku -or zampona instrument...	0:12:24	0:12:28
-..that's as traditional -as the area's colourful clothes.	0:12:28	0:12:32
-The Andes' great music -can be heard all over the world.	0:12:33	0:12:38
-But here, close to his roots, he -expresses the people's feelings...	0:12:38	0:12:44
-..and pays tribute to ancient gods.	0:12:44	0:12:47
-For the mountain people, -pleasing the gods is very important.	0:12:54	0:12:58
-Before planting and harvesting...	0:12:59	0:13:01
-..a offering must be given -to Pachamama, mother earth.	0:13:01	0:13:05
-It's a ritual honoured -since farming began here.	0:13:07	0:13:11
-I happen to be visiting Ademir -during a symbolic week.	0:13:15	0:13:19
-A new moon in the fourth month -of the old Inca calendar...	0:13:19	0:13:23
-..which is when maize is planted.	0:13:23	0:13:26
-Some of the terraces -date back to pre-Incan times...	0:13:29	0:13:34
-..and others from the time -of the Incas themselves.	0:13:34	0:13:37
-The history is missing, -but we continue to use it.	0:13:38	0:13:42
-Because of the terrain -and mountains...	0:13:43	0:13:45
-..there's no modern machinery here, -not even animals to help out.	0:13:46	0:13:51
-This is tough manual labour...	0:13:51	0:13:54
-..using very simple equipment, -that is almost archaic.	0:13:54	0:13:58
-Thank you.	0:14:02	0:14:04
-Fair play to Ademir...	0:14:04	0:14:06
-One?	0:14:07	0:14:08
-One? - -Yes.	0:14:08	0:14:09
-Uno.	0:14:09	0:14:10
-..he's patient enough -to show me how to do some planting.	0:14:10	0:14:14
-Modern technology wouldn't work here -- simple tools are what's needed!	0:14:16	0:14:23
-Some elbow grease, therefore.	0:14:23	0:14:25
-Chakitaklla - a foot plough, and a -Rawkana - a hoe. That's what we use.	0:14:29	0:14:37
-OK. Bravo!	0:14:38	0:14:40
-Thank you very much!	0:14:40	0:14:42
-Thank you very much!	0:14:42	0:14:43
-That's hard work.	0:14:44	0:14:46
-And I've only done a little.	0:14:47	0:14:49
-Something tells me -that he's being kind.	0:14:49	0:14:52
-It's a very hard life.	0:14:55	0:14:56
-I only did a small bit -and I was out of breath.	0:14:57	0:15:01
-Some of these farmers -have to climb and walk miles...	0:15:01	0:15:05
-..to reach their terraces -before even starting a day's work.	0:15:05	0:15:10
-It's very tough, physical work.	0:15:10	0:15:13
-Look how high these terraces are.	0:15:13	0:15:16
-Centuries after the Incas...	0:15:32	0:15:34
-..the rhythm of mountain farming -is still enchanting.	0:15:34	0:15:38
-The old terraces -provide insurance against famine.	0:15:42	0:15:46
-If the crops fail on one level...	0:15:46	0:15:48
-..others might well be thriving -higher up or lower down...	0:15:48	0:15:52
-..where the wind, rain and sun -create different conditions.	0:15:53	0:15:57
-The foundation of -the Cuyocuyo economy is farming.	0:15:59	0:16:04
-But globalization -is driving everyone to the cities.	0:16:05	0:16:11
-They're turning their backs -on farming...	0:16:12	0:16:15
-..and our grandparents' practices, -and those of their ancestors too.	0:16:15	0:16:23
-The farmers' diligence is what keeps -these valley communities alive...	0:16:26	0:16:30
-..despite the flow of the young -to the Andes' towns and cities.	0:16:30	0:16:35
-We used to grow potatoes by the ton.	0:16:36	0:16:42
-Maize too.	0:16:42	0:16:45
-Now, after gathering the maize, -yacon is the harvest.	0:16:45	0:16:49
-We were hard-working people. But the -young have no desire for hard work.	0:16:50	0:16:56
-They're unwilling to work -like farmers of old.	0:16:56	0:17:01
-The terraces have been neglected.	0:17:02	0:17:07
-We used to farm many acres of land.	0:17:07	0:17:12
-Now, they're barren.	0:17:12	0:17:15
-Young people have left.	0:17:15	0:17:17
-And here I am, -trying to do it all by myself.	0:17:17	0:17:22
-Outside Cuyocuyo...	0:17:37	0:17:39
-..the road climbs dangerously -along the valley's steep sides.	0:17:39	0:17:43
-Above the tree line, -the winter snow has melted...	0:17:44	0:17:48
-..and the fields -are ready for planting.	0:17:48	0:17:50
-But the agricultural land -that exists here...	0:17:50	0:17:53
-..is open -to the worst of the elements.	0:17:54	0:17:56
-Here, in the Andean highlands...	0:17:57	0:18:00
-..the people who've been coming here -for centuries...	0:18:00	0:18:04
-..to hunt, farm -or to mine the natural resources...	0:18:04	0:18:09
-..have had to adapt -to a problem which strikes anyone...	0:18:09	0:18:14
-..who does any physical work - -a lack of oxygen.	0:18:14	0:18:19
-Over the generations, -labouring up here...	0:18:24	0:18:27
-..has changed the natives' bodies.	0:18:28	0:18:30
-There's evidence that their lungs...	0:18:32	0:18:34
-..are larger than those -who live at sea level.	0:18:35	0:18:38
-But they also depend on a drug -which gives them a boost...	0:18:39	0:18:44
-..to persevere with the hard work -in the thin air...	0:18:44	0:18:48
-..coca leaves.	0:18:48	0:18:49
-These people -wanted me to have a taste.	0:18:53	0:18:56
-I'm not sure what to say. -It tastes a bit like grass to me.	0:19:00	0:19:05
-But, um, Hector is 87 years old -and he still farms.	0:19:07	0:19:13
-He told me -that these leaves are the secret.	0:19:13	0:19:17
-He also admits that he has no -teeth left after years of chewing.	0:19:18	0:19:23
-As high up as this, it doesn't -matter how long you work...	0:19:25	0:19:29
-..you can't be assured -of a successful harvest.	0:19:29	0:19:33
-The wind is too strong, -the earth is too dry...	0:19:35	0:19:39
-..and the growing season -is too short.	0:19:39	0:19:41
-But farmers have discovered -another secret to sustain them.	0:19:43	0:19:48
-We're 4,500m above sea level.	0:19:49	0:19:53
-The wind is blustery and it's cold.	0:19:53	0:19:57
-We have an oxygen tank in the car -because how thin the air is.	0:19:57	0:20:02
-There's hardly any vegetation here.	0:20:03	0:20:06
-However, despite all these -challenging conditions...	0:20:06	0:20:10
-..these farmers -have not only survived...	0:20:10	0:20:13
-..they've managed to make a living -in the mountains.	0:20:13	0:20:17
-The secret is camels - -Andean camels...	0:20:20	0:20:22
-..a family of animals -which include alpacas and llamas.	0:20:23	0:20:27
-They're adapted -to life at extreme altitude.	0:20:27	0:20:32
-But one breed of Andean camel...	0:20:33	0:20:36
-..is rarer and more valuable -than all the rest.	0:20:37	0:20:40
-I'm about to meet them.	0:20:41	0:20:43
-It's no wonder that Andean people -consider them so valuable.	0:20:44	0:20:48
-.	0:20:52	0:20:52
-Subtitles	0:20:54	0:20:54
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:20:54	0:20:56
-As part of a scheme -to protect Peru's national animal...	0:20:58	0:21:02
-..vet Victor Iquise is on his way -to a remote community in the Andes.	0:21:02	0:21:08
-Here, a herd of vicunas -live in a huge pen.	0:21:11	0:21:15
-Fifty years ago, only a few thousand -vicunas were left in the Andes.	0:21:16	0:21:21
-But conservation work -has lifted numbers to over 100,000.	0:21:21	0:21:27
-The official efforts -to protect them continues.	0:21:30	0:21:33
-Once a year, -the mountain communities...	0:21:35	0:21:37
-..are allowed to shear -their valuable wool.	0:21:38	0:21:41
-This year again, Victor comes -to keep an eye on the shearing...	0:21:44	0:21:48
-..on behalf of the authorities.	0:21:48	0:21:50
-It's work that brings him back -to Trapiche, the area of his birth.	0:21:50	0:21:55
-This is my home patch, -and I return as often as possible.	0:21:55	0:22:01
-This place calls me.	0:22:01	0:22:04
-I grab every opportunity -to work here.	0:22:04	0:22:09
-Like in Wales, shearing day -is quite an event in Trapiche.	0:22:14	0:22:18
-The entire community is keen -to take part in the chacu ceremony.	0:22:19	0:22:24
-The first thing is the fence.	0:22:25	0:22:29
-A nylon fence and eucalyptus poles -to trap the animals.	0:22:29	0:22:35
-Other people on the hills -drive the vicunas down.	0:22:36	0:22:44
-This is amazing to see.	0:22:47	0:22:49
-An entire community working together -to bring the vicuna...	0:22:49	0:22:53
-..which are obviously so prized -by them, down to the village.	0:22:53	0:22:57
-The chacu ceremony.	0:22:57	0:23:00
-I've read about these animals -but I've never seen them.	0:23:00	0:23:03
-Even from here, I can see -they're graceful and beautiful.	0:23:04	0:23:09
-I'm so glad that they still exist -and that they roam free.	0:23:11	0:23:16
-Everyone looks like -they're having fun.	0:23:21	0:23:24
-But this is serious business -for the community.	0:23:25	0:23:28
-The animals must be treated -according to government guidelines.	0:23:29	0:23:33
-This is a young animal -so they've decided to let her go.	0:23:33	0:23:38
-Her coat is so fine.	0:23:39	0:23:43
-So beautiful.	0:23:44	0:23:46
-You're so beautiful.	0:23:46	0:23:48
-It's no wonder that Andean people -consider them so valuable.	0:23:48	0:23:52
-After the gathering, -I get the very special honour...	0:23:54	0:23:59
-..of starting the chacu officially.	0:24:00	0:24:02
-Muchas gracias.	0:24:03	0:24:04
-Aqui.	0:24:05	0:24:07
-Aqui. - -Oh, right.	0:24:07	0:24:08
-I feel like the Queen -launching a yacht.	0:24:08	0:24:11
-But I'm launching the chacu.	0:24:11	0:24:13
-OK. Hard, yes?	0:24:14	0:24:15
-Muchas gracias!	0:24:22	0:24:24
-I'm soaked!	0:24:29	0:24:30
-Oh dear.	0:24:32	0:24:33
-I'm sure the Queen -doesn't do it like that.	0:24:33	0:24:36
-Thank you. Muchas gracias.	0:24:38	0:24:40
-Shearing the vicunas -dates back to the time of the Incas.	0:24:43	0:24:46
-Back then, -wearing the vicunas' wool...	0:24:46	0:24:49
-..was an honour -afforded to the noblemen only.	0:24:49	0:24:53
-Today, everyone can wear clothes -made from vicuna wool.	0:24:56	0:24:59
-But, in reality, -only the rich can afford them.	0:25:00	0:25:03
-This wool is so light.	0:25:04	0:25:06
-It's extremely fine.	0:25:08	0:25:09
-It's no wonder -that only the royal family...	0:25:10	0:25:13
-..were allowed to wear this -years ago.	0:25:13	0:25:15
-Nowadays, people are willing -to spend many thousands...	0:25:15	0:25:21
-..on a small scarf -made from vicuna wool.	0:25:21	0:25:25
-On average, -every animal produces 500g of wool.	0:25:26	0:25:31
-There was only 200g on this one.	0:25:32	0:25:34
-She will probably -not be sheared again for two years.	0:25:35	0:25:38
-Its scarcity -along with its quality...	0:25:40	0:25:43
-..makes the vicunas' wool one of the -most expensive fibres in the world.	0:25:43	0:25:48
-Without the money -that comes from selling the wool...	0:25:48	0:25:52
-..a poor community like Trapiche -wouldn't survive.	0:25:52	0:25:56
-This is the only type of animal -which can sustain this area.	0:25:56	0:26:04
-No other creature -would be tough enough.	0:26:06	0:26:10
-The saviours of Trapiche. -Away they go for another year.	0:26:11	0:26:15
-But, it's not only Trapiche shearers -who benefit from the Andean camels.	0:26:21	0:26:27
-The wool sustains another tradition -important to the mountain economy...	0:26:27	0:26:32
-..weaving.	0:26:33	0:26:34
-Andean weavers -are famous for their skills...	0:26:36	0:26:39
-..and for inventing techniques that -are now used all over the world.	0:26:39	0:26:44
-The clothes are practical and warm -in the cold mountain climate.	0:26:47	0:26:51
-But the colours and patterns...	0:26:51	0:26:54
-..tell a story -about whoever makes and wears them.	0:26:54	0:26:58
-This is our identity - how we -present ourselves to the world.	0:27:02	0:27:10
-Everyone here speaks Quechuan...	0:27:10	0:27:13
-..but our clothes, hats and scarves -are all different.	0:27:13	0:27:21
-This is the ancient village -of Chinchero...	0:27:21	0:27:24
-..a resting place for the Incas -on their way through the Andes.	0:27:24	0:27:29
-Yes.	0:27:29	0:27:30
-Here, Nilda is leading a revival -in the area's weaving tradition.	0:27:31	0:27:35
-Skills and knowledge -were in danger of disappearing...	0:27:36	0:27:40
-..as cheap clothes from abroad -supplanted traditional garments.	0:27:40	0:27:44
-Nilda's response to concerns that -the old way of life was dying out...	0:27:46	0:27:50
-..was to establish this centre.	0:27:51	0:27:53
-I hope this time, the tradition -will continue, with our children...	0:27:54	0:28:01
-..maintaining the top quality, -without lowering their standards.	0:28:01	0:28:06
-The older women are passing on -the craft to the next generation.	0:28:07	0:28:11
-Our mothers taught us how to weave.	0:28:11	0:28:15
-The patterns have been -passed down unbroken.	0:28:15	0:28:21
-You could say -that the Chinchero textiles...	0:28:21	0:28:24
-..are being weaved once more -into the village lifestyle.	0:28:25	0:28:28
-It's fun, but so complicated too!	0:28:29	0:28:33
-To begin with, -we had synthetic colours.	0:28:35	0:28:40
-Treating the natural colours takes -practice - but it gets easier.	0:28:40	0:28:45
-For centuries, people looked down -on the Andes' native people...	0:28:49	0:28:54
-..and mocked their traditions.	0:28:54	0:28:56
-This venture -restores their self-respect.	0:28:57	0:29:00
-It's a hard craft. It takes time.	0:29:01	0:29:05
-But I delight in the women's skills.	0:29:06	0:29:15
-I'm so proud, -and everyone here's the same.	0:29:15	0:29:20
-Thanks to Nilda...	0:29:22	0:29:24
-..I've also experienced -how weaving brings satisfaction.	0:29:24	0:29:28
-Great, you see?	0:29:30	0:29:31
-In a few minutes more, -you will be better.	0:29:32	0:29:34
-Titicaca.	0:29:47	0:29:48
-South America's largest lake.	0:29:48	0:29:51
-This is the highest water in the -world that's deep enough for boats.	0:29:52	0:29:56
-Dawn over the waters.	0:29:59	0:30:01
-A sight to calm every mind.	0:30:01	0:30:04
-But something's bothering me -this morning.	0:30:07	0:30:10
-Having run extreme marathons -in the Amazon and the Arctic...	0:30:13	0:30:17
-..I've come to the shore of the lake -to prove something to myself...	0:30:17	0:30:21
-..that I've acclimatized -to the thin air.	0:30:22	0:30:24
-Up here, there's only 60% -of the oxygen found at sea level.	0:30:26	0:30:31
-Breathing is hard work.	0:30:32	0:30:34
-But, training at altitude -is a big advantage for athletes.	0:30:34	0:30:38
-The body -produces more red blood cells...	0:30:38	0:30:42
-..and mitochondria -to produce energy.	0:30:42	0:30:45
-This all helps the body -to take in more oxygen.	0:30:45	0:30:49
-But, it obviously doesn't happen -overnight!	0:30:49	0:30:53
-That was hard.	0:30:54	0:30:55
-Really, really hard.	0:30:58	0:30:59
-Frustrating too, because I know -I can run much further.	0:31:00	0:31:05
-But I feel -I've run about 100 miles...	0:31:05	0:31:11
-..rather than a few miles.	0:31:11	0:31:13
-My legs are tired because -I'm not getting enough oxygen...	0:31:13	0:31:18
-..into my lungs.	0:31:18	0:31:20
-My lungs are screaming.	0:31:20	0:31:22
-All I can say...	0:31:23	0:31:24
-..is I have the utmost respect -for the people who live here.	0:31:24	0:31:28
-To see what they do, -day in, day out...	0:31:30	0:31:33
-Hard work.	0:31:34	0:31:35
-I'm 3,850m above sea level...	0:31:37	0:31:41
-..and don't I know it!	0:31:41	0:31:43
-For an athlete, pushing yourself -to the limit is enough reward.	0:31:49	0:31:55
-But, other people -come to the mountains...	0:31:56	0:31:59
-..looking for -far more substantial rewards.	0:31:59	0:32:02
-A desire for gold has attracted -many here since time immemorial...	0:32:05	0:32:10
-..despite the dangers.	0:32:10	0:32:11
-One story -enthralled the conquistadors...	0:32:12	0:32:15
-..and drove many to their death...	0:32:16	0:32:18
-..the legend of a golden city, -El Dorado.	0:32:18	0:32:22
-.	0:32:24	0:32:24
-Subtitles	0:32:27	0:32:27
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:32:27	0:32:29
-El Dorado, the legend of a -golden city hidden in the mountains.	0:32:30	0:32:35
-Since time immemorial...	0:32:37	0:32:39
-..it's enticed people to the Andes -to look for untold riches.	0:32:39	0:32:44
-But this isn't the way to El Dorado.	0:32:47	0:32:50
-This is the so-called road to hell.	0:32:50	0:32:53
-Every week, -thousands of desperate men...	0:32:55	0:32:58
-..throng here -from the Altiplano towns...	0:32:58	0:33:01
-..in the hope of finding enough gold -to transform their lives.	0:33:02	0:33:06
-They rush towards a new town, -5,000m above sea level.	0:33:06	0:33:12
-There's gold here...	0:33:13	0:33:15
-..but you won't see the golden -buildings promised in the legends.	0:33:15	0:33:19
-Rather, these zinc shacks -are home to 30,000 miners...	0:33:23	0:33:27
-..during the working week.	0:33:27	0:33:29
-Another 30,000 people -live here permanently...	0:33:31	0:33:35
-..which has given La Rinconada -a place in the record books.	0:33:36	0:33:41
-Welcome -to the highest town in the world.	0:33:42	0:33:44
-The highest, -but not the cleanest by a long way.	0:33:46	0:33:50
-The gold mined here -is processed using mercury...	0:33:51	0:33:57
-..which has polluted the water, -the soil and the air here.	0:33:57	0:34:02
-Walking the streets...	0:34:03	0:34:05
-..I avoid the filth -that flows through the open sewers.	0:34:05	0:34:09
-But, the old dream of golden riches -still attracts people here...	0:34:10	0:34:15
-..despite -the nightmarish conditions.	0:34:15	0:34:18
-La Rinconada has been described -as "ice hell on earth".	0:34:19	0:34:23
-Yet, among all the chaos, -a community has developed.	0:34:23	0:34:29
-There are shops, schools, -markets and even a church.	0:34:29	0:34:34
-There's a special festival -on this weekend.	0:34:34	0:34:37
-The service -is being held in the main square.	0:34:37	0:34:40
-I'm going to see who's come here...	0:34:40	0:34:44
-..to escape from the so-called -ice hell around me.	0:34:44	0:34:48
-One person who knows everyone here -is Father Martin, the parish priest.	0:34:50	0:34:55
-The parish -is celebrating its birthday today.	0:34:55	0:34:58
-It's three years -since this area was built.	0:34:59	0:35:08
-The day before yesterday, it was -the birthday of the whole town.	0:35:09	0:35:17
-How are you? Are you OK?	0:35:18	0:35:20
-How's the family?	0:35:20	0:35:23
-How's your health?	0:35:23	0:35:25
-The Andean people -are known across the world...	0:35:32	0:35:35
-..for their willingness -to raise festive cheer.	0:35:35	0:35:38
-The air is thin -and it's freezing cold...	0:35:39	0:35:42
-..but that's not reason enough -to dampen the party mood.	0:35:42	0:35:46
-I don't know how they have -the breath to play the instruments!	0:35:50	0:35:54
-A special occasion such as this -is medicine for the soul.	0:35:57	0:36:01
-Father Martin knows that something -is needed to raise spirits.	0:36:01	0:36:06
-As a Christian, I try -to support people in their faith...	0:36:08	0:36:13
-..because so many people -die here every day.	0:36:13	0:36:20
-Who here -doesn't have a cross to bear?	0:36:22	0:36:27
-A work cross, an illness cross.	0:36:27	0:36:32
-A cross from losing a son, husband, -brother, friend or colleague.	0:36:33	0:36:43
-Jesus asks us -to carry the cross with him.	0:36:43	0:36:48
-Here's a town on a mountaintop...	0:36:50	0:36:53
-..that's full of bad places, -in a poor spiritual state...	0:36:53	0:36:58
-..with thieves -and murderers everywhere.	0:36:58	0:37:04
-In the cantinas -around the main square...	0:37:10	0:37:13
-..the drinking and chatting -start from early morning.	0:37:13	0:37:17
-The fights haven't started yet -but it won't be long.	0:37:17	0:37:21
-It's only ten in the morning -and that bar is packed.	0:37:23	0:37:26
-Prostitution is widespread here.	0:37:27	0:37:30
-The lucky workers with money -in their pockets are an easy target.	0:37:30	0:37:34
-But most of the mines' profits -disappears down the mountain.	0:37:35	0:37:39
-There's little left -to fund law and order here.	0:37:39	0:37:43
-The town's market is busy...	0:37:44	0:37:46
-..but La Rinconada's real business -takes place even higher up.	0:37:46	0:37:51
-Here's where they mine for gold.	0:37:57	0:37:59
-Shafts and tunnels extend -almost a mile into the mountain.	0:37:59	0:38:04
-But even before reaching the gold...	0:38:05	0:38:08
-..the workers are in danger.	0:38:08	0:38:10
-Above the works is a huge glacier...	0:38:12	0:38:15
-..La Bella Durmiente - -the sleeping beauty.	0:38:15	0:38:19
-But when she awakens from -her slumber as the weather warms...	0:38:21	0:38:25
-..large blocks of ice -fall on the works below.	0:38:25	0:38:29
-Inside the mines, -the danger is even worse.	0:38:31	0:38:35
-Nevertheless, -thousands try their luck here...	0:38:36	0:38:39
-..despite the fact that most of them -do not receive a penny in wages.	0:38:40	0:38:44
-It's run on an ancient labour system -called cachorreo.	0:38:45	0:38:49
-Miners do a month of unpaid work.	0:38:51	0:38:54
-On the last day of the month...	0:38:55	0:38:56
-..they get to keep as much gold ore -as they can carry from the face.	0:38:57	0:39:02
-In reality, -they drive off with more than that.	0:39:02	0:39:06
-But there's no certainty -there's a speck of gold...	0:39:06	0:39:10
-..in those loads which are -the reward for a month of toil.	0:39:10	0:39:14
-Fortunato Choque's name is apt.	0:39:16	0:39:19
-He's fortunate.	0:39:19	0:39:21
-He's worked here long enough -to become a foreman...	0:39:22	0:39:25
-..a role that does provide some pay.	0:39:25	0:39:28
-Three cooperative companies -control the mining here.	0:39:30	0:39:39
-Seven Wonders is the strange name -of the place where I work!	0:39:40	0:39:45
-I've worked here for six years.	0:39:48	0:39:51
-We sometimes strike gold, sometimes -not. Mining's an uncertain business.	0:39:51	0:39:58
-Oh, here's the guard... -I want to shake his hand.	0:39:58	0:40:03
-There's obvious camaraderie here.	0:40:03	0:40:05
-As with our miners, men supporting -each other happens naturally...	0:40:05	0:40:10
-..when facing danger -in their everyday job.	0:40:10	0:40:13
-But this is their only support.	0:40:13	0:40:17
-There are no benefits -when accidents happen...	0:40:17	0:40:21
-..and they happen regularly.	0:40:21	0:40:23
-La Rinconada health centre -has to deal with every emergency.	0:40:23	0:40:28
-Muchas gracias.	0:40:29	0:40:31
-I'm meeting the lead doctor.	0:40:31	0:40:34
-Here, a doctor has to specialize -in every discipline...	0:40:35	0:40:41
-..gynaecology, paediatrics, -internal medicine.	0:40:41	0:40:47
-We can't perform full operations - -but we assess every patient.	0:40:47	0:40:53
-But it's accidents in the mines...	0:40:53	0:40:55
-..that put the biggest strain -on the clinic's resources.	0:40:56	0:40:59
-Mining is extremely dangerous -in every Andean country.	0:40:59	0:41:03
-Peru has the worst record.	0:41:03	0:41:06
-Sometimes, the workers -go to places they shouldn't.	0:41:06	0:41:14
-The gas suffocates them. -They can't breathe.	0:41:15	0:41:20
-We treat fractures often, -as well as similar injuries.	0:41:22	0:41:29
-If the explosives -haven't been correctly ignited...	0:41:29	0:41:36
-..the men get burnt, or they -fracture their legs and arms.	0:41:36	0:41:44
-In the seven years I've been here, -350 workers have been killed...	0:41:49	0:41:57
-..three or four a month.	0:41:57	0:42:03
-Even outside work, no-one can wander -the streets feeling completely safe.	0:42:11	0:42:16
-This is exactly how I imagine the -towns of the Wild West used to be.	0:42:17	0:42:22
-There's no planning -and no obvious rule of law.	0:42:22	0:42:26
-There must be some kind of order -but I can't see it.	0:42:27	0:42:30
-It's also dangerous.	0:42:30	0:42:32
-Fortunato is ready to show us -how dangerous...	0:42:33	0:42:38
-..but only if we film covertly.	0:42:38	0:42:41
-With a small handheld camera, -we follow him to the back streets...	0:42:42	0:42:46
-..where the workers purify the ore -they've carried from the mountain.	0:42:46	0:42:51
-An uneasy atmosphere, -a hint of violence...	0:42:52	0:42:54
-..and no welcome at all for a film -crew wanting to show the goings-on.	0:42:55	0:42:59
-The quartz is crushed and mixed -with the poisonous mercury...	0:43:00	0:43:04
-..which sticks -to the gold particles.	0:43:04	0:43:07
-The danger to health is obvious, -but this is the cheapest way...	0:43:07	0:43:12
-..for miners -to get their hands on the gold.	0:43:13	0:43:16
-After they've boiled the -mercury away, this is what's left...	0:43:17	0:43:21
-..18 grams of the best gold.	0:43:25	0:43:27
-It has a street value -of around 800 dollars.	0:43:27	0:43:31
-Cash in hand, no questions asked.	0:43:32	0:43:35
-However, the streets -certainly aren't paved in gold.	0:43:39	0:43:43
-There are people here -who are even more desperate.	0:43:43	0:43:46
-On their knees -in the mountain spoils...	0:43:46	0:43:49
-..these are the pallaqueras - -the poor who scratch for gold.	0:43:49	0:43:54
-Sometimes, I get a bucket or two -of ore in a week.	0:43:55	0:44:01
-Sometimes - nothing.	0:44:01	0:44:03
-The majority are women -who are at the end of their tether.	0:44:06	0:44:11
-Every single one has her story.	0:44:13	0:44:15
-Abject poverty -and their wretched attempts...	0:44:15	0:44:18
-..at sustaining the family -they've left behind to come here.	0:44:18	0:44:22
-I have a husband -and four children...	0:44:26	0:44:28
-..aged 17, 15, 9 and 8.	0:44:28	0:44:35
-They're at home in Ayaviri.	0:44:37	0:44:39
-So much pain, sadness and poverty.	0:44:43	0:44:46
-Mountain gold -is the medicine for every wound.	0:44:48	0:44:51
-One small piece -can transform entire lives.	0:44:53	0:44:57
-As they wait to strike gold...	0:45:01	0:45:03
-..keeping a shine on their lives -is the aim of most of the locals.	0:45:04	0:45:08
-Even when the danger -and the suffering is crushing...	0:45:09	0:45:12
-..the human soul wants more.	0:45:13	0:45:15
-Compassion, kindness and fraternity.	0:45:17	0:45:20
-These are thriving here -despite the greed and the chaos.	0:45:21	0:45:25
-As the snow fell -at the end of the service...	0:45:27	0:45:30
-..something very special -happened here in the "ice hell".	0:45:30	0:45:35
-Away from the violence, -robbery and fighting...	0:45:35	0:45:39
-..I feel I've seen -another side to La Rinconada.	0:45:39	0:45:43
-A simple enough act -touched my heart.	0:45:44	0:45:47
-Father Martin climbed the steps...	0:45:47	0:45:50
-..to bless the roof -of a brand-new building.	0:45:50	0:45:53
-A hall for the ordinary man.	0:45:53	0:45:55
-En el nombre del padre, del hijo -y del espiritu santo. Amen.	0:45:56	0:46:00
-A sure sign -of the presence of community spirit.	0:46:01	0:46:05
-Proof there's more to life -in the Andes than scraping for gold.	0:46:05	0:46:09
-I said in my sermon that Jesus asks -us to carry the cross every day...	0:46:10	0:46:18
-..through the good days -and the ones where we have nothing.	0:46:18	0:46:25
-The Andes.	0:46:31	0:46:32
-Mountains which have moulded the -long history of an entire continent.	0:46:32	0:46:36
-This is where the Incas learned -the secrets of highland farming...	0:46:38	0:46:42
-..many centuries ago.	0:46:43	0:46:44
-To this very day, -the Andes have attracted people...	0:46:45	0:46:49
-..with enchanting tales -about gold treasure.	0:46:49	0:46:52
-As I watch the dawn -for the last time on my journey...	0:46:52	0:46:56
-..what will stay in my memory...	0:46:56	0:46:59
-..is the ingenuity and perseverance -of the people I've met.	0:46:59	0:47:03
-Despite -the challenging conditions...	0:47:05	0:47:08
-..the lack of oxygen -and the ever-present dangers...	0:47:08	0:47:12
-..they've managed -to make a living...	0:47:12	0:47:15
-..in some of the most beautiful and -inspirational places in the world.	0:47:15	0:47:20
-It's not easy, it's not always -pretty, but I've been amazed...	0:47:20	0:47:25
-..by how they've managed -to use and work with nature...	0:47:25	0:47:29
-..to create a place for themselves -in the splendour of the Andes.	0:47:29	0:47:33
-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.	0:48:07	0:48:09
-.	0:48:10	0:48:10

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